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Applied Sciences
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Frontiers in Biorational Insecticides and Novel Tactics in Pest Management
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Frontiers in Biorational Insecticides and Novel Tactics in Pest Management

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2023) | Viewed by 6263

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vera A. Krischik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
Interests: insecticides; sublethal effects; ecosystem services; predators; native bees; butterflies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The topic of this Special Issue is beneficial insect conservation using biorational insecticides and pheromones, biological control, and cultural control in crops, greenhouse, and landscapes.

This Special Issue will focus on pest management, and more specifically on novel, sustainable pest management using multiple tactics to increase beneficial insect abundance, reduce plant damage, and increase plant health.

Research papers are invited to discuss pest suppression through the use of pheromones, biorational and reduced risk pesticides, habitat modification, such as trap crops and pollinator strips, and cultural management, such as mulches and soil amendments. The benefits of beneficial insect conservation using these sustainable methods are also of interest.

Dr. Vera A. Krischik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biorational, reduced risk
  • microbial insecticides
  • beneficial insect conservation
  • novel tactics
  • sustainable management

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 590 KiB  
Article
Repellency and Toxicity of Eight Plant Extracts against the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis
by Liyun Ren and Juang Horng Chong
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1608; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031608 - 27 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1238
Abstract
We investigated the repellency and toxicity of eight plant extracts containing celangulin, cnidium lactone, matrine, nicotine, pyrethrins, rotenone, stemonine and veratrine against the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande; Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Flowers treated with 0.05% nicotine, pyrethrins, stemonine and rotenone harbored fewer [...] Read more.
We investigated the repellency and toxicity of eight plant extracts containing celangulin, cnidium lactone, matrine, nicotine, pyrethrins, rotenone, stemonine and veratrine against the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande; Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Flowers treated with 0.05% nicotine, pyrethrins, stemonine and rotenone harbored fewer western flower thrips in two- and multiple-choice repellency bioassays. When evaluated at concentrations varying from 0.005% to 0.1% in two-choice repellency bioassays, pyrethrins and rotenone were most repellent at 0.01% to 0.1%, and nicotine was most repellent at 0.025%. Mortality was 76% with 0.1% nicotine at 48 h, 78% with 0.5% stemonine at 72 h, and 100% with 0.1% pyrethrins and 0.5% rotenone at 48 h after contact with fresh (<1-d-old) residue. Effective residue age was 1 d for nicotine, pyrethrins and rotenone, and 5 d for stemonine in aged residual toxicity bioassays. Celangulin, cnidium lactone, matrine and veratrine did not provide sufficient repellency and toxicity. Stemonine had inconsistent results. Therefore, additional evaluation of its potential as a botanical insecticide will be needed. When sprayed onto whole plants, plant extracts containing nicotine, pyrethrins, rotenone and stemonine caused unacceptable damage to flowers, suggesting that the final formulation will need to be modified to improve crop safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Biorational Insecticides and Novel Tactics in Pest Management)
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14 pages, 1436 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Spray Volume on the Management of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the Greenhouse
by Shimat V. Joseph
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 2178; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042178 - 19 Feb 2022
Viewed by 1490
Abstract
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a major insect pest of poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch; Family: Euphorbiaceae) in the greenhouse. Currently, neonicotinoids are widely used for B.tabaci management in the greenhouse, which is less favored by [...] Read more.
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a major insect pest of poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch; Family: Euphorbiaceae) in the greenhouse. Currently, neonicotinoids are widely used for B.tabaci management in the greenhouse, which is less favored by the consumers because of the potential nontarget effects of these insecticides on beneficial insects. Little is known on how the high spray volumes of spinetoram (20%) + sulfoxaflor (20%) (XXpire®) affect the B.tabaci population in the greenhouse. The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of spinetoram + sulfoxaflor and dinotefuran (Zylam®) applied as foliar-spray volumes (high, referred to as spench, and low, referred to as foliar) and soil drench against B.tabaci. The high foliar-spray volume application (spench) of both insecticides reduced the B.tabaci immature densities, compared with low foliar-spray volume (foliar) and soil drench applications. The soil drench application did not provide adequate B.tabaci control regardless of insecticide type. Spinetoram + sulfoxaflor applied as a high-spray volume treatment was moderately effective in controlling B.tabaci nymphs relative to nontreated control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Biorational Insecticides and Novel Tactics in Pest Management)
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Review

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33 pages, 551 KiB  
Review
The Current State and Future Potential of Microbial Control of Scarab Pests
by Carrie Deans and Vera Krischik
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13020766 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2768
Abstract
Injury and control costs for the invasive scarab Japanese beetle (Family Scarabeidae, Popillla japonica) alone is estimated at $450 million per year in the U.S. Chemical controls are commonly used to control scarab pests, but concerns about human safety and negative impacts [...] Read more.
Injury and control costs for the invasive scarab Japanese beetle (Family Scarabeidae, Popillla japonica) alone is estimated at $450 million per year in the U.S. Chemical controls are commonly used to control scarab pests, but concerns about human safety and negative impacts on beneficial and non-target organisms, such as pollinators, are increasingly driving the market towards less toxic and more environmentally friendly management options. Microbial entomopathogens are excellent candidates for biopesticides and biocontrol agents. Although microbial pesticides currently make up only 1–2% of the insecticide market, the discovery and development of new microbes are increasing. Microbial products are non-toxic to humans and most are species-specific, reducing non-target effects. While some are slow-acting, others provide rapid control and some can be as efficacious as chemical insecticides, particularly when used in combination. Another major advantage of microbial controls is that many can persist in the environment, and become biocontrol agents, providing long-term control and reducing costs. This article provides a summary of the microbial entomopathogens that are known to infect scarab beetle species including bacterial, fungal, viral, microsporidian, and protozoan taxa, as well as the existing formulations and their efficacy. Lesser-known microbial species are also discussed as potential future controls. We also discuss the development of new techniques for improving efficacy, such as genetic engineering, synergistic interactions, auto-dissemination strategies, and improved formulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Biorational Insecticides and Novel Tactics in Pest Management)
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