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CFD Based Researches and Applications for Fluid Machinery

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2022) | Viewed by 5878

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Prof. Dr. Luca Mangani

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Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Technology, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; numerical models; mathematical models; high-order; GPU; combustion; machinery; RANS; DNS; LES; mesoscale; particles; finite volume; finite element; multiphase; FSI; multiphysics; multiscale; optimization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a fundamental tool for research and development in a wide range of industries, with applications in automobile, aerospace, chemical, environmental, and many other engineering disciplines. In these areas it has proved to be essential in understanding complex fluid-flow phenomena that often involve one or more of the following: turbulence, compressibility, multiphase flows, mixing, and fluid structure interaction, to name a few. As such it continues to be the focus of continuing a concerted effort to increase its accuracy, robustness, computational efficiency and its range of applications, through the development of new numerical methods and algorithms, and the refinement of existing ones.

You are invited to submit articles in the form of reviews and original research work to a special issue of the Journal of Applied Sciences in areas related to state-of-the-art and novel methods and to challenging applications of CFD.

Prof. Dr. Luca Mangani
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 5600 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of an Oxy-Fuel Combustion System in a Compression-Ignition Engine for Ultra-Low Emissions Powerplants Using CFD and Evolutionary Algorithms

by José Ramón Serrano, Gabriela Bracho, Josep Gomez-Soriano and Cássio Fernandes

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7104; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147104 - 14 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1564

Abstract

This study uses an optimization approach for developing a combustion system in a compression–ignition engine that is able to operate under oxy-fuel conditions, and produces mainly CO

_{2}

and H

_{2}

O as exhaust gases. This is achieved because the combustion concept uses [...] Read more.

This study uses an optimization approach for developing a combustion system in a compression–ignition engine that is able to operate under oxy-fuel conditions, and produces mainly CO

_{2}

and H

_{2}

O as exhaust gases. This is achieved because the combustion concept uses pure oxygen as an oxidizer, instead of air, avoiding the presence of nitrogen. The O

_{2}

for the combustion system can be obtained by using a mixed ionic–electronic conducting membrane (MIEC), which separates the oxygen from the air onboard. The optimization method employed maximizes the energy conversion of the system, reducing pollutant emissions (C

_{x}

_{y}

, particulate matter, and carbon monoxides) to levels near zero. The methodology follows a novel approach that couples computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms to optimize the complete combustion system in terms of engine performance and pollutant generation. The study involves the evaluation of several inputs that govern the combustion system design in order to fulfill the thermo-mechanical constraints. The parameters analyzed are the piston bowl geometry, fuel injector characteristics, air motion, and engine settings variables. Results evince the relevance of the optimization procedure, achieving very low levels of gaseous pollutants (C

_{x}

_{y}

and CO) in the optimum configuration. The emissions of CO were reduced by more than 10% while maintaining the maximum in-cylinder pressure within the limit imposed for the engine. However, indicated efficiency levels are compromised if they are compared with an equivalent condition operating under conventional diesel combustion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue CFD Based Researches and Applications for Fluid Machinery)

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24 pages, 8085 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Investigation on a Liquid–Gas Ejector for Carbon Dioxide Removal Using Amine Solution: Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Evaluation

by Mohammad Mehdi Parivazh, Mohammad Rahmani and Mohammad Akrami

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4485; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094485 - 28 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2415

Abstract

The present study investigates the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of the liquid–gas ejector using three-dimensional (air–water) and two-dimensional (CO₂/air-MEA (Monoethanolamine) solution) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. For 3D simulation, validation of the CFD results of this ejector with experimental data (error less than 5%) showed high simulation accuracy. The effects of motive liquid flow rate and outlet pressure parameters on the air entrainment rate and air hold-up are also investigated. It was found that by increasing the outlet pressure by about 70% (from 3587 to 6127 Pag), the rate of gas entrainment and gas hold up decreased by about 37% and 20%, respectively. On the contrary, these parameters showed increasing behavior of about 74% and 15%, respectively, when the mass flow rate of liquid increased by about 21%. In addition, three-dimensional phenomena such as mixing shock and the location of its occurrence are examined, which is the reason for recirculation and vortex in the ejector. Next, by simulating a two-dimensional simulation and changing the inlet fluids to CO₂/air-methanol amine, the ejector was designed to simultaneously increase the gas pressure and absorb carbon dioxide. A user-defined function code was used to express the mass transfer from the gas to the liquid phase. The results, in this case, showed that with increasing the outlet pressure of the ejector (from 0 to 2000 Pag), and enhancing the concentration of MEA solution (from 10% to 30%), the CO₂ removal boosted from 83% to 95%. A similar behavior was shown when the L/G ratio increased from 3.5 to 5.5. This study serves as a showcase on how to do an exact design and analysis for liquid–gas ejectors in flare gas recovery systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue CFD Based Researches and Applications for Fluid Machinery)

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27 pages, 14940 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Multi-Optimal Project of Outlet Guide Vanes of Nuclear Grade Axial Flow Fan Based on Sensitivity Analysis

by Weiya Jin, Zijian Mao, Shuiqing Zhou, Tianle Zhang, Yinjie Hu and Zhenghui Wu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 3029; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063029 - 16 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1410

Abstract

Nuclear grade axial flow fans are widely used in nuclear power plants for ventilation and heat dissipation and have the advantages of high efficiency and high flow rates. A nuclear grade axial flow fan with OGVs (outlet guide vanes) can recover the kinetic energy of the dynamic impeller outlet winding to increase the ventilator pressure, thus improving the ventilator efficiency; therefore, the OGVs play an essential role in the performance of the axial flow fan. Based on accurate numerical simulations, an MRGP approximation model was developed to analyse the factors affecting the OGVs duct and optimise the guide vane structure, combined with the Sobol method for sensitivity analysis. The experiments and numerical simulations show that the total pressure of the optimised model increases by 154 Pa, and the noise decreases by 4.1 dB. The multi-objective optimisation method using the parametric approach and combining it with the MRGP model is highly reliable. It provides a key design direction for optimising nuclear grade axial flow fans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue CFD Based Researches and Applications for Fluid Machinery)

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