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Applied Sciences
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Advances in Tunnel and Underground Engineering
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Advances in Tunnel and Underground Engineering

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2024 | Viewed by 2859

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nan Jiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430079, China
Interests: rock dynamics; underground engineering technology; geotechnical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

You are invited to submit an article discussing the construction technology of underground building engineering. In order to effectively protect the ecological environment on the ground, the development and utilization of underground space resources have become global development trends. In the future, more underground projects will be built to meet the various needs of people's production and life. This Special Issue, entitled “Advances in Tunnel and Underground Engineering”, will present the results of research in this area, with the aim of facilitating the application and promotion of advanced technologies in tunnel and underground engineering.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Tunnel construction techniques;
  • Underground building engineering;
  • Underground space environments;
  • New materials for underground engineering;
  • Rock dynamic mechanics;
  • Rock permeability mechanics.

Dr. Nan Jiang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • underground building
  • tunnel engineering
  • tunnel construction

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 9956 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Forced Ventilation Safety during the Construction of a Large-Slope V-Shaped Tunnel
by Linghong Yi, Xiaoni Wang and Yongjiang Shen
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2924; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072924 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 409
Abstract
The special large-slope V-shaped structure of underwater tunnels changes the ventilation characteristics during tunnel construction, making the traditional experience limited. Therefore, it is urgent to study the influence of the special structure on the safety of the air environment during construction. In this [...] Read more.
The special large-slope V-shaped structure of underwater tunnels changes the ventilation characteristics during tunnel construction, making the traditional experience limited. Therefore, it is urgent to study the influence of the special structure on the safety of the air environment during construction. In this paper, a series of small-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the ventilation characteristics of V-shaped tunnels. The coupled effects of ventilation parameters (distance of duct outlet from working face L0, air velocity at the duct outlet u0) and structural characteristics (digging length Ld, slope of the uphill section θ) were considered. The extreme slope of the V-shaped tunnel of 8% was considered. The flow field and pollutant transport law were determined by using CO as a tracer in the experiments. The results show that u0 has a positive impact on the air return velocity, while Ld has a negative impact, and neither of the other two factors has a significant effect. The transport characteristics of CO in V-shaped tunnels differ from those in flat tunnels, with the former tending to cause unconventional areas of high pollutant concentrations in the horizontal sections. Furthermore, the correlations between CO concentration and distance, ventilation time, and the influence factors discussed in this paper are derived from the experimental results. The conclusions provide guidance for the construction of V-shaped tunnels to prevent air pollution in the construction environment and to improve the working conditions of laborers. Additionally, it can also enrich the ventilation experience in tunnel construction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tunnel and Underground Engineering)
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17 pages, 8154 KiB  
Article
Study on Water Inrush Characteristics of Hard Rock Tunnel Crossing Heterogeneous Faults
by Guoxu Xin, Bo Wang, Haozhang Zheng, Linfeng Zeng and Xinxin Yang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2536; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062536 - 17 Mar 2024
Viewed by 489
Abstract
Fault water inflow is one of the most severe disasters that can occur during the construction of hard and brittle rock tunnels. These tunnels traverse brittle fault breccia zones comprising two key components: a damage zone dominated by low-strain fractures and an internally [...] Read more.
Fault water inflow is one of the most severe disasters that can occur during the construction of hard and brittle rock tunnels. These tunnels traverse brittle fault breccia zones comprising two key components: a damage zone dominated by low-strain fractures and an internally nested high-strain zone known as the fault core. Structural heterogeneity influences the mechanical and hydraulic properties within fault breccia zones, thereby affecting the evolving characteristics of water inflow in hard rock faulting. Based on the hydraulic characteristics within hard rock fault zones, this paper presents a generalized dual-porosity fluid-solid coupling water inflow model. The model is utilized to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of water pressure, inflow velocity, and water volume during tunneling through heterogeneous fault zones in hard rock. Research findings indicate that when tunnels pass through the damage zones, water inrush velocity is high, yet the water volume is low, and both decrease rapidly over time. Conversely, within the core regions of faults, water inflow velocity is low, yet the water volume is high, and both remain relatively stable over time. Simulation results closely align with the water inflow data from China’s largest cross-section tunnel, the Tiantai Mountain Tunnel, thus validating the accuracy of the evolutionary model proposed in this paper. These findings offer a new perspective for devising effective prevention strategies for water inflow from heterogeneous faults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tunnel and Underground Engineering)
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22 pages, 15149 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of Ground Surcharge Effects on Deformation Characteristics in Shield Tunnel Linings
by Lixin Wei, Chunshan Yang, Weijie Chen, Liying Liu and Dong Su
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2328; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062328 - 10 Mar 2024
Viewed by 458
Abstract
To investigate the deformation characteristics of shield tunnel linings under ground surcharge, finite element software was employed to create a detailed three-dimensional model of the staggered assembly of the shield tunnel lining. This model includes components such as precast concrete segments, reinforcements, and [...] Read more.
To investigate the deformation characteristics of shield tunnel linings under ground surcharge, finite element software was employed to create a detailed three-dimensional model of the staggered assembly of the shield tunnel lining. This model includes components such as precast concrete segments, reinforcements, and joints (comprising bent bolts, washers, and bolt sleeves). Additionally, the model accounts for interface frictions between segments and the interactions between different rings. The reliability of the numerical model was verified based on the results of a full-scale model test. Additionally, the model accounts for interface frictions between segments and the interactions between different rings. Changes in tunnel convergence, joint tensioning, bolt stresses, reinforcement stresses, and concrete crack development were systematically analyzed. The results indicate the following: (1) the deformation mode of the lining structure under ground surcharge resembles a “transverse ellipse”. Joints located near the haunch opened along the outer arc, while those near the vault and bottom opened along the inner arc. The restraining effect of the bolts on joints opening in the inner arc was greater than that on the outer arc. Notably, when the opening of the inner arc reached 4.9 mm, the bolt stress escalated to the yield strength of 640 Mpa. (2) Under larger loads, the lining structure’s joints are susceptible to greater deformation, resulting in the tensile yielding of local reinforcement within these joints. (3) Cracks predominantly occur near the haunch, vault, and bottom of the lining structure, with the central angle of crack distribution ranging between 70° and 85°. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tunnel and Underground Engineering)
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16 pages, 8123 KiB  
Article
Construction Mechanical Characteristics of TBM Pilot and Enlargement Method for Ventilation Tunnel of Wuhai Pumped Storage Power Station
by Chuanjun Fan, Jianmin Qin and Guixuan Wang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1829; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051829 - 23 Feb 2024
Viewed by 433
Abstract
Investigating the construction mechanics of a ventilation tunnel using the TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) pilot and enlargement method with reliable rock mechanics parameters ensures the safety of on-site excavation operations. Leveraging the construction project of the ventilation tunnel at the Wuhai Pumped Storage [...] Read more.
Investigating the construction mechanics of a ventilation tunnel using the TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) pilot and enlargement method with reliable rock mechanics parameters ensures the safety of on-site excavation operations. Leveraging the construction project of the ventilation tunnel at the Wuhai Pumped Storage Power Station, TGP sidewall forecasting was employed to explore the geological conditions within a 50 m range of the tunnel’s side. A systematic study of the construction mechanics of the TBM pilot and enlargement method was conducted, along with corresponding construction recommendations and engineering applications. This research indicates that sidewall forecasting can supplement the deficiencies in geological exploration reports, with excavation revealing conditions consistent with the forecast. Deformation at the interface, including the arch crown and sidewall, mainly concentrates during the construction phase from the completion of full-section excavation to the beginning of expansion. As the working face advances, the upper rock mass within the ventilation tunnel outline experiences tension, with stress concentration in the shoulder and bottom corner rock masses. The plastic zone before expansion primarily concentrates within the ventilation tunnel outline, shifting to the sidewall after expansion, with the left shoulder’s plastic zone depth slightly exceeding that of the right. The proposed method effectively ensures construction safety, and the research findings have valuable implications for similar projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tunnel and Underground Engineering)
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16 pages, 6230 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Energy Dissipation of Water-Saturated Fissured Sandstone Specimens
by Qi Ping, Shijia Sun, Xiangyang Li, Shiwei Wu, Yijie Xu, Jing Hu and Wei Hu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(4), 1368; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14041368 - 07 Feb 2024
Viewed by 528
Abstract
To investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of water-saturated fissure rock at different strain rates, prefabricated sandstone specimens with a 45° dip angle were treated with water saturation and the impact compression test was performed with a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test device [...] Read more.
To investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of water-saturated fissure rock at different strain rates, prefabricated sandstone specimens with a 45° dip angle were treated with water saturation and the impact compression test was performed with a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test device at different impact pressures. The results show that the clusters of dynamic stress–strain curves of water-saturated and natural sandstone specimens with a 45° dip angle of prefabricated fissures are basically similar under different impact air pressures. A distinct strain rate effect was observed for dynamic strain and dynamic compressive strength, both of which increased with increasing strain rate. From the failure pattern of the specimen, it can be seen that cracks appeared from the tip of the prefabricated fissure under axial stress, spreading to both ends and forming wing cracks and anti-wing cracks associated with shear cracks. As the strain rate increased, the energy dissipation density of the specimen gradually increased, and the macroscopic cracks cross-expanded with each other. The fracture form of the specimen showed a small block distribution, and the average particle size of the specimen gradually decreased. The specimen crushing energy dissipation density was negatively correlated with fracture size, reflecting a certain rate correlation. The sandstone fragments’ fractal dimension increases with the increase in crushing energy dissipation density, and the fractal dimension may be applied as a quantitative index to characterize sandstone crushing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tunnel and Underground Engineering)
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