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Applied Sciences
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Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation Technology
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Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation Technology

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2024 | Viewed by 2607

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sara Remelli

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
Interests: biological quality of the soil; edaphic arthropods biodiversity; bioremediation; vermiremediation; soil bioindicators; terrestrial ecotoxicity; community analysis
Prof. Dr. Fulvio Celico

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
Interests: hydrogeology; contaminant hydrogeology; remediation techniques; emerging contaminants; bioremediation; vermiremediation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pietro Rizzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
Interests: groundwater pollutants; contaminant migration; remediation techniques; emerging contaminants; hydrogeology; bioremediation; enhanced microbial remediation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last few decades, the growth of urbanization and industrialization has been accompanied by a constant and ever-increasing pressure on the environment; these activities have either directly or indirectly caused the release of countless chemical compounds into the environment, including hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, heavy metals, perfluorinated compounds, drugs, and cosmetic products. Due to the damage that these pollutants exert both on humans and on other living things and their ecosystems, environmental pollution is one of the most severe public health problems.

The high cost of physico-chemical techniques and the need to adopt more environmentally sustainable strategies have increased the interest in bioremediation, an eco-friendly approach to remediate polluted sites. Among bioremediation techniques, significant attention has been paid to microbial communities; however, other tools for pollution management could include invertebrates (e.g., earthworms), fungi, and plants. The choice of bioremediation techniques depends on several factors, including, but not limited to, cost, site characteristics, and the type and concentration of pollutants; the specific applications of each technique impart certain advantages and disadvantages.

Therefore, this Special Issue will present new ideas and experimental results in the fields of bioremediation and environmental monitoring that address the performance and integration of different bioremediation techniques in order to determine the most appropriate and operative one (or a combination) to treat polluted sites successfully with a focus on the propagation and migration of contaminants in the environment.

Dr. Sara Remelli
Prof. Dr. Fulvio Celico
Dr. Pietro Rizzo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • soil pollution
  • water pollution
  • emerging contaminants
  • zooremediation
  • phytoremediation
  • mycoremediation
  • microbial degradation
  • soil biota consortia
  • rhizodegradation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3543 KiB  
Article
How Pseudomonas nitroreducens Passivates Cadmium to Inhibit Plant Uptake
by Yakui Chen, Yongquan Yu, Xiaoyu Fang, Yinhuan Zhou and Diannan Lu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2857; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072857 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 542
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been widely used in industry applications, leading to water and soil contamination. This study investigated the potential ability of Pseudomonas nitroreducens (11830) to perform the biosorption of cadmium from aqueous solution and soil. The biosorption characteristics were described using equilibrium [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) has been widely used in industry applications, leading to water and soil contamination. This study investigated the potential ability of Pseudomonas nitroreducens (11830) to perform the biosorption of cadmium from aqueous solution and soil. The biosorption characteristics were described using equilibrium isotherm and kinetic studies. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm indicated a better fit with the experimental data (R2 = 0.980), with a maximum capacity of 160.51 mg/g at 30 °C in an initial aqueous solution of 300 mg/L Cd2+. The experiments followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics model (R2 > 0.99), especially at a low initial concentration. The biosorption mechanisms involved were determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and protein analysis. The SEM and TEM figures showed that the morphology of cells changed before and after the adsorption of Cd, and the EDS confirmed that Cd was absorbed on the surface of the cell. The analysis of proteins indicated that the protein species increased after the stimulation of Cd, which further confirmed the biosorption mechanism. A pot experiment confirmed that 11830 could passivate the cadmium in soil and reduce its uptake and utilization by Houttuynia cordata Thunb (H. cordata). This work demonstrates the potential application of microorganisms in inhibiting the accumulation of Cd in crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation Technology)
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20 pages, 5404 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Bioaugmentation-Assisted Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons Using Echinacea purpurea
by Katarzyna Wojtowicz, Teresa Steliga and Piotr Kapusta
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(24), 13077; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132413077 - 07 Dec 2023
Viewed by 751
Abstract
Phytoremediation supported by bioaugmentation is a promising method considered for cleaning up areas polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons. In this study, phytoremediation was carried out using Echinacea purpurea as a phytoremediant on two types of soil: Soil DW—aged soil taken from an excavation pit, [...] Read more.
Phytoremediation supported by bioaugmentation is a promising method considered for cleaning up areas polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons. In this study, phytoremediation was carried out using Echinacea purpurea as a phytoremediant on two types of soil: Soil DW—aged soil taken from an excavation pit, Soil OS—soil taken from an oil spill area. The tests for each soil were carried out in six test systems (non-inoculation, inoculation with the B1 microbial consortium, inoculation with the B2 microbial consortium, inoculation with the B1 microbial consortium with the addition of γ-PGA (γ-poly glutamic acid), inoculation with the B2 microbial consortium with the addition of γ-PGA and inoculation with the γ-PGA solution) for 6 months. The effectiveness of the remediation treatments used was assessed based on chromatographic analyses of soil and plant material (roots, shoots) and toxicological analyses using four types of toxicological tests (PhytotoxkitTM (MicroBioTests Inc., Gent, Belgium), OstracodtoxkitTM (MicroBioTests Inc., Gent, Belgium), Microtox® Solid Phase Test (Modern Water Inc., New Castle, DE, USA), MARA (NCIMB Ltd., Aberdeen, UK)). The research conducted showed that the most effective method of bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons was phytoremediation supported by bioaugmentation with the microbial consortium B2 with γ-PGA, which allowed for reducing the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the tested soils by 53.98% and 49.54% (Soil DW-5) and 60.47% and 37.55% (Soil OS-5), respectively. In turn, the lowest bioremediation efficiency was recorded in non-inoculated systems, for which the concentration of TPHs and PAHs at the end of the study decreased by 18.40% and 16.14% (Soil DW-1) and 21.87% and 18.20% (Soil OS-1), respectively. The results of toxicological analyses confirmed the relationship between the concentration of TPHs and PAHs in the soil and its toxicity level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation Technology)
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Review

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23 pages, 1942 KiB  
Review
Phytomicrobiomes: A Potential Approach for Sustainable Pesticide Biodegradation
by Md. Tareq Bin Salam, Ahmad Mahmood, Waleed Asghar, Koji Ito and Ryota Kataoka
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2740; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072740 - 25 Mar 2024
Viewed by 525
Abstract
Globally, pest-induced crop losses ranging from 20% to 40% have spurred the extensive use of pesticides, presenting a double-edged sword that threatens not only human health but also our environment. Amidst various remediation techniques, bioremediation stands out as a compelling and eco-friendly solution. [...] Read more.
Globally, pest-induced crop losses ranging from 20% to 40% have spurred the extensive use of pesticides, presenting a double-edged sword that threatens not only human health but also our environment. Amidst various remediation techniques, bioremediation stands out as a compelling and eco-friendly solution. Recently, the phytomicrobiome has garnered increasing attention as endophytic microbes, colonizing plants from their roots, not only foster plant growth but also enhance the host plant’s resilience to adverse conditions. Given the persistent demand for high crop yields, agricultural soils often bear the burden of pesticide applications. Biodegradation, the transformation of complex pesticide compounds into simpler forms through the activation of microbial processes and plant-based enzymatic systems, emerges as a pivotal strategy for restoring soil health. Manipulating the phytomicrobiome may emerge as a viable solution for this purpose, offering a native metabolic pathway that catalyzes pollutant degradation through enzymatic reactions. This review delves into the pivotal role of phytomicrobiomes in the degradation of diverse pesticides in soil. It explores contemporary innovations and paves the way for discussions on future research directions in this promising field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation Technology)
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