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Mining-Induced Tremors

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 4691

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Prof. Dr. Caiping Lu

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Guest Editor

Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: rock mechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Yang Liu

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Guest Editor

School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: rockburst; microseismic technology; application of mining geophysics; numerical simulation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In deep mines, with the gradual increase in the separation space, the deformation, fracture and slip of the overlying hard thick strata very easily cause high-energy mine tremors, resulting in the instantaneous release of energy. Especially in coal mines, mine tremors are considered to be the main dynamic loading source inducing dynamic instability of coal and rock, which seriously restricts the safe production of coal mines. In recent years, with the gradual increase in the mining depth and intensity of the coal seam, the frequency of high-energy mining tremors has increased year by year. The occurrence mechanism of mining-induced tremors, precursor information and the impact on the distribution of the stress field have become popular areas of research, which have been widely studied by scholars. Moment tensor inversion, theoretical modeling, numerical simulation and on-site multi-parameter analysis, among other technical means, have been widely used to reveal the occurrence of tremors and the mechanism of the triggered rockburst, and to put forward monitoring and early warning methods of tremors, which can guide the safe and efficient production of mines.

This Special Issue will collect high-quality original research achievements on, but not limited to, the following topics:

Moment tensor inversion;
Focal mechanism analysis;
Propagation and attenuation characteristics of seismic waves;
Numerical simulation of mine tremors;
Seismic wave velocity tomography;
Multi-parameter monitoring and early warning of mine tremors;
Mechanical models;
Rockburst mechanism;
Advanced analysis technology of seismic parameters;
High-precision positioning technology of seismic sources.

Prof. Dr. Caiping Lu
Dr. Yang Liu
Guest Editors

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Research

14 pages, 5126 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation and Application of Transient Electromagnetic Detection Method in Mine Water-Bearing Collapse Column Based on Time-Domain Finite Element Method

by Changfang Guo, Tingjiang Tan, Liuzhu Ma, Shuai Chang and Ke Zhao

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11331; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211331 - 8 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 993

Abstract

Mine floods caused by water-bearing collapse columns are one of the most significant types of coal mine disasters in advanced detection. The transient electromagnetic method (TEM), one of the most effective means, can detect the collapse column in coal mines. However, the research on TEM used on the ground is mainly limited to half-space that does not follow underground mining conditions. This research used the whole-space TEM to detect the water-bearing collapse columns in front of the roadway. Based on the time-domain finite element method (TDFEM) and actual coal-measure strata data, this paper built the whole-space geo-electric models, summarized response characteristics, and proposed “geometric gravity center” effect. The results showed that the simulation based on TDFEM could accurately reflect the TEM response law, and the advanced detection using TEM in a mine environment was consistent with the actual situation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mining-Induced Tremors)

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14 pages, 6606 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical and Field Investigations of Tremors Induced by Thick-Hard Strata Fracture

by Ying Guo, Caiping Lu, Zhilong He and Jiefang Song

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 11151; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122111151 - 3 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1157

Abstract

Large energy mining-induced tremors are generally caused by the rupture of thick-hard overlying strata, and the roadway is prone to rockburst danger under its dynamic load. Through numerical simulations, the laws and influencing factors of stress, deformation, fracture and energy caused by mining-induced tremors (red bed breaking) were revealed, and the results were verified by field observations. The main conclusions were obtained: (1) the tensile stress and the compressive stress were concentrated in the middle of the thick-hard rock and both sides of the goaf, which were prone to tensile and shear failure type caused by mining-induced tremors, respectively; (2) after the goaf was formed, the compressive stress around the roadway was transformed into tensile stress. When a strong mining-induced tremor occurred, the tensile stress increased further. Meanwhile, when it was close to the tensile strength of the coal around the roadway, a rockburst occurred; (3) the energy of the mining-induced tremor released by shear failure was larger than that of the tensile failure. With the increase in shear strength of the roof, the released energy also increased; (4) according to the frequency-spectrum of the mining-induced tremors located in the extremely thick-hard overlying strata above the working face in the Baodian coal mine, the dynamic load generated by the tremors was superimposed on the high static load around the roadway, which was very likely to induce the instability of the roadway. The research conclusions have certain guiding significance for rockburst prevention in coal mines with thick-hard strata roofs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mining-Induced Tremors)

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23 pages, 10892 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Dynamic Failure Mechanisms of Underground Roadway Induced by Incident Stress Wave

by Zhi-Long He, Cai-Ping Lu and Xiu-Feng Zhang

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10350; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010350 - 14 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1020

Abstract

The mechanisms of dynamic disasters around underground roadways/tunnels were examined by adopting split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) laboratory tests to reproduce the failure process of the surrounding rock subjected to incident stress waves. On the basis of ensuring the consistency of numerical simulations with the experimental results, the failure mechanisms of the surrounding rock and spatiotemporal evolution of the hoop stress around the hole were studied by using a two-dimensional particle flow code (PFC2D). The results of the numerical simulation indicate that tensile stress and compressive stress concentrate along the horizontal and vertical directions around the hole, respectively, owing to the instantaneous incidence of compressive stress waves. The failure modes of surrounding rocks are significantly different when the hole is subjected to various intensities of incident stress waves. In addition, the stability of the surrounding rock of the hole is greatly affected by the amplitude and wavelength of the incident wave and the elastic modulus of the surrounding rock. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mining-Induced Tremors)

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10 pages, 1314 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shearer-Positioning Method Based on Non-Holonomic Constraints

by Danyang Song, Jinheng Yang and Jiancheng Song

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 10050; https://doi.org/10.3390/app121910050 - 6 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1148

Abstract

In the traditional shearer-positioning method, an odometer is used to assist the forward velocity correction of the inertial navigation system, but it cannot restrain the system’s error divergence. For this reason, this paper proposes a shearer positioning method based on non-holonomic constraints. In this method, an inertial measurement unit and odometer are installed in the middle of the shearer body and on the traction gear, respectively, the shearer attitude, speed, and position information are calculated through the inertial measurement-unit mechanization, and the shearer’s instantaneous velocity is calculated through the output of the odometer. The mechanization and error transfer process of the inertial navigation system are used to establish a Kalman filtering-state equation. The Kalman filtering observation equation is established through the difference between the projected velocity of the inertial navigation system at the joint and the output velocity of the odometer as the observation vector, and the non-holonomic constraint is introduced. Finally, the error feedback is derived from the results processed by the Kalman filtering algorithm, and the output of the inertial navigation system is corrected to obtain the optimal estimation of the shearer’s attitude, speed and position. The experiment shows that compared with the traditional inertial navigation and odometer combined positioning method, the degree of divergence in the positioning results over time is significantly reduced after adding the non-holonomic constraint. The positioning method has good tracking ability for the trajectory of the shearer. The error of the positioning results in the forward direction is reduced by 66%, the lateral direction is reduced by 62%, and the vertical direction is reduced by 67%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mining-Induced Tremors)

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