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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Carotenoids: A Potential Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant Treatment in Diseases
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Carotenoids: A Potential Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant Treatment in Diseases

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 2751

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yulia Baburina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow 142290, Russia
Interests: bioantioxidants; regulatory proteins; mitochondria of the heart and liver; mitochondrial diseases; regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability; oxidative phosphorylation; oxidative stress
Dr. Olga Krestinina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow 142290, Russia
Interests: mitochondria; protein phosphorylation; apoptosis; pore of nonspecific permeability; aging; oxidative stress; antioxidants
Prof. Dr. Yoav Sharoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
Interests: carotenoids; polyphenols; antioxidants; estrogens; oxidative stress; ROS; skin health; dermal fibroblasts; keratinocytes; bone health; osteoblasts; osteoclasts

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carotenoids are a group of natural pigments with over 750 compounds. Their colors are mostly yellow, orange, and red due to the conjugated double bond system they contain. This building block is also responsible for the antioxidant properties of many carotenoids. Carotenoids exhibit various biological activities and are an interesting subject for researchers from various disciplines around the world. Carotenoids for the most part show strong antioxidant properties, which allows them to have a protective effect in the treatment of various diseases. For example, carotenoids are considered effective drugs for improving mitochondrial function in both normal and pathological conditions. Carotenoids are metabolized to apo-carotenals by mitochondrial enzymes. Mitochondria are organelles that participate in the process of cellular respiration and provide the cell with energy in the form of ATP.

The purpose of this Special Issue of Antioxidants is to present research on the role of carotenoids as antioxidants targeting mitochondria and the importance of carotenoids in health promotion and disease prevention. Also of interest is research in the field of structural characteristics of bioactive endogenous metabolites of carotenoids and their use for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. In the field of interest are also the mechanisms of action of carotenoids in mitochondria and the mechanisms of the possible therapeutic effect of carotenoids in diseases of various etiologies.

I invite you to submit original research papers or review articles on all matters related to carotenoids and mitochondria.

Dr. Yulia Baburina
Dr. Olga Krestinina
Prof. Dr. Yoav Sharoni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carotenoids
  • mitochondria
  • mitochondrial diseases
  • drug discovery
  • apoptosis
  • nonspecific permeability
  • oxidative stress
  • antioxidants
  • carotenoid metabolism

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

25 pages, 4626 KiB  
Article
Astaxanthin Extract from Haematococcus pluvialis and Its Fractions of Astaxanthin Mono- and Diesters Obtained by CCC Show Differential Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effects on Naïve-Mouse Spleen Cells
by Zuzana Jurčacková, Denisa Ciglanová, Dagmar Mudroňová, Lenka Tumová, Daniela Bárcenas-Pérez, Jiří Kopecký, Jana Koščová, José Cheel and Gabriela Hrčková
Antioxidants 2023, 12(6), 1144; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12061144 - 24 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2177
Abstract
Carotenoids are the most abundant lipid-soluble phytochemicals and are used as dietary supplements to protect against diseases caused by oxidative stress. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a very potent antioxidant with numerous beneficial effects on cellular functions and signaling pathways. In this study, [...] Read more.
Carotenoids are the most abundant lipid-soluble phytochemicals and are used as dietary supplements to protect against diseases caused by oxidative stress. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a very potent antioxidant with numerous beneficial effects on cellular functions and signaling pathways. In this study, using spleen cells from healthy Balb/c mice, we report the bio-functional effects of an astaxanthin-rich extract (EXT) prepared from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis and its astaxanthin monoesters-rich fraction (ME) and astaxanthin diesters-rich fraction (DE) obtained by fractionation of EXT using countercurrent chromatography (CCC). After incubation under standard culture conditions (humidity, 37 °C, 5% CO2, atmospheric oxygen), the viability of untreated splenocytes, as determined by the trypan blue exclusion assay, the MTT assay, and the neutral red assay, decreases to approximately 75% after 24 h compared with naïve splenocytes. This effect correlated with the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and the transition of ~59% of cells to the early stage of apoptosis, as well as with the decreased ROS production, indicating that hyperoxia in cell-culture deteriorates cell functions. They are restored or stimulated by co-cultivation with EXT, ME, and DE up to 10 µg/mL in the order EXT > DE > ME, suggesting that esterification increases bioavailability to cells in vitro. ROS and H2O2 concentrations reflect mRNA transcriptional activity of Nrf2, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase 1, as well as SOD-mediated ROS conversion, whereas they inversely correlate with iNOS-mediated NO production. The highest-tested concentration of EXT, ME, and DE (40 µg/mL) is detrimental to cells, probably because of the overwhelming scavenging activity of astaxanthin and its esters for the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species required for cellular functions and signal transduction at low physiological concentrations. In this study, we demonstrate that differential activities of ME and DE contribute to the final antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of astaxanthin extract, which is beneficial in preventing a wide range of ROS-induced adverse effects, with DE being more effective. In addition, the selection of physioxia-like conditions for pharmacological research is highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carotenoids: A Potential Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant Treatment in Diseases)
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