Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Aging and Disease—2nd Edition

Dear Colleagues,

Mitochondria are the main hub of cellular oxidative stress, as most Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are generated as byproducts of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. With research progress, the role of ROS has shifted from the initial consideration only as damaging agents to the recent one as intracellular messengers, necessary for physiological functions but toxic at high levels. Therefore, when the usual ROS-neutralizing action, performed by the antioxidant defense systems, is no longer adequately efficient to counteract the age-related increased production of mitochondrial ROS, oxidative stress originates inside the organelles, leading to a dual effect: the disruption of redox signaling and the production of oxidative damage. Redox signaling dysregulation occurs through changes in enzymes and transcription factors that are sensitive to the redox state. Oxidative damage arises when ROS react with nearby biomolecules, resulting in oxidatively modified products and generating harmful effects in mitochondria and the cellular environment. The levels of ROS increase gradually throughout the lifespan, impairing mitochondrial function and affecting all tissues dependent on the organelle’s production of energy and substrates, thus heavily contributing to the aging process. The natural phenomenon of aging features gradual changes in cell and mitochondrial functionality, originating from a blend of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors, among which oxidative stress emerges as a major driver. Mitochondrial oxidative stress, directly or eliciting inflammation, ultimately results in age-related inflammatory and degenerative diseases, which have become the most common health threat nowadays. Various kinds of interventions, aiming to delay or to prevent the development of mitochondrial oxidative stress, have been proposed or are under actual study and represent a valuable and multifaceted therapeutical approach for such diseases. Therefore, the goal of this Special Issue is to deliver a broad and updated overview of experimental models, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic options useful to tackle the involvement of “mitochondrial oxidative stress in aging and disease” through contributions by experts of the field in the form of research papers and critical reviews.

Dr. Angela Maria Serena Lezza
Dr. Vito Pesce
Guest Editors

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• mitochondrial oxidative stress in aging
• mitochondrial oxidative stress in age-related or metabolic diseases
• mitochondrial signaling via ROS in diseases
• mitochondrial oxidative stress and genomic instability
• mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation
• antioxidants as novel therapeutic approaches
• mitochondrial pathologies
• aging
• mitochondrial

• Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Aging and Disease in Antioxidants (10 articles)