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Antibiotics
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Antibiotics Used in Animals Disease Control
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Antibiotics Used in Animals Disease Control

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics in Animal Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 5856

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ibrahim Elsohaby

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
2. Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
Interests: veterinary epidemiology; antimicrobial resistance; infectious and zoonotic disease; one health and diagnostic test evaluation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ahmed Samy Ibrahim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Immunogenetics, The Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
Interests: avian diseases; avian viral and/or bacterial mixed infection; avian immune response; control measures; avian vaccine development, production and evaluation; wild bird associated pathogens
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antibiotics are one of the most important tools for controlling infectious diseases in both animals and humans. Although antibiotic use treats infections, reduces morbidity, and saves lives, it has also contributed to antibiotic resistance, a serious threat to animals and public health. Thus, optimizing antibiotic use is critical for treating infections effectively, protecting animals from harm caused by unnecessary antibiotic use, and combating antibiotic resistance. There has been a focus on antibiotic use in farm animals; however, in this Special Issue, the focus will extend beyond antibiotic use in farm animals to companion animals, wild animals, poultry, and wild birds.

This Antibiotics Special Issue is devoted to all aspects of antibiotic use and emerging resistance in animals. Primary research manuscripts and review articles on antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship, and antimicrobial use in animals are welcome. Manuscripts submitted for publication will be peer-reviewed to ensure that the issue contains high-quality contributions.

This Special Issue focuses on various aspects of the Antibiotics scope, including:

  1. Uses of antibiotics, including on animals and in agriculture;
  2. Antibiotic resistance and misuse;
  3. Epidemiology of antimicrobial use;
  4. Antimicrobial stewardship;
  5. The genetic basis for antibiotic resistance;
  6. The environmental dimension of antimicrobial resistance;
  7. Mixed infection and augmentation of antibiotic resistance;
  8. Economic impact of antimicrobial resistance.

Dr. Ibrahim Elsohaby
Dr. Ahmed Samy Ibrahim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotics
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • antimicrobial stewardship
  • infectious and zoonotic diseases
  • disease control
  • antimicrobial resistance genes
  • farm and wild animals
  • domestic and wild birds

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1237 KiB  
Communication
Effect of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine on Activity of Doxycycline against Biofilm-Forming Bacterial Strains
by Tsvetelina Petkova, Nikolina Rusenova, Svetla Danova and Aneliya Milanova
Antibiotics 2023, 12(7), 1187; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071187 - 14 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1619
Abstract
Biofilm-forming bacteria are associated with difficult-to-cure bacterial infections in veterinary patients. According to previous studies, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) showed an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation when it was applied in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones. The lack of information about the effect of [...] Read more.
Biofilm-forming bacteria are associated with difficult-to-cure bacterial infections in veterinary patients. According to previous studies, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) showed an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation when it was applied in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones. The lack of information about the effect of NAC on doxycycline activity against biofilm-forming strains was the reason for conducting this study. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus O74, Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) ATCC 27853 were used to evaluate the activity of doxycycline with and without addition of NAC on planktonic bacteria and on biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of doxycycline were not affected by NAC for Gram-negative strains and were found to be two times higher for the strains of S. aureus. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) for Gram-negative bacteria (2 μg/mL for E. coli ATCC 25922 and 32 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853), determined using a standard safranin colorimetric assay, were higher than the MICs (0.5 and 4 μg/mL, respectively). The data suggest that the combinations of doxycycline and NAC could stimulate the growth of planktonic cells of S. aureus and biofilm-forming E. coli ATCC 25922. NAC did not affect the strong inhibitory effect of doxycycline on the biofilm formation by the strains of S. aureus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics Used in Animals Disease Control)
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15 pages, 930 KiB  
Article
Cross-Sectional Study for Detection and Risk Factor Analysis of ESBL-Producing Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Associated with Backyard Chickens in Pakistan
by Muhammad Adnan Saeed, Muhammad Saqlain, Usman Waheed, Syed Ehtisham-ul-Haque, Aman Ullah Khan, Aziz ur Rehman, Muhammad Sajid, Farhan Ahmad Atif, Heinrich Neubauer and Hosny El-Adawy
Antibiotics 2023, 12(5), 934; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050934 - 20 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2223
Abstract
The increasing incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia (E.) coli in backyard chicken farming in Pakistan is of serious concern. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and risk factors associated with ESBL avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) [...] Read more.
The increasing incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia (E.) coli in backyard chicken farming in Pakistan is of serious concern. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and risk factors associated with ESBL avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) isolated from backyard chickens in the Jhang district, Punjab, Pakistan. In total, 320 cloacal swabs were collected from four breeds of backyard chicken (Aseel, Golden, Misri and Necked Neck). ESBL E. coli were phenotypically identified using double disc synergy test (DDST) and corresponding genes were confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). Out of the 320 samples, 164 (51.3%) were confirmed as E. coli, while 74 (45.1%) were characterized as ESBL E. coli. The frequency of isolation of ESBL E. coli was highest in Aseel chickens (35.1%). Of the 164 confirmed E. coli, 95.1%, 78.6%, 76.8%, 71.3%, 70.1%, 68.9%, 60.4% and 57.3% were resistant against tylosin, doxycycline, cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, colistin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, respectively. The ESBL gene types detected and their corresponding proportions were blaCTX-M (54.1 %, 40/74), blaTEM, (12.2%, 9/74) and co-existence (blaCTX-M and blaTEM) were shown in 33.8% (25/74). The blaCTX-M gene sequence showed homology to blaCTX-M-15 from clinical isolates. The mean multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was found to be higher among ESBL E. coli (0.25) when compared to non-ESBL E. coli (0.17). Both free-range husbandry management system (p = 0.02, OR: 30.00, 95% CI = 1.47–611.79) and high antimicrobial usage in the last 6 months (p = 0.01, OR: 25.17, 95% CI = 1.81–348.71) were found significantly associated with isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli in the tested samples using binary logistic regression analysis. This study confirmed the potential of backyard chickens as a reservoir for ESBL E. coli in the Jhang district, Punjab, Pakistan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics Used in Animals Disease Control)
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14 pages, 996 KiB  
Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Multidrug Resistance and Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Producing E. coli Isolated from Healthy and Diseased Cats
by Mahmoud Fayez, Ahmed Elmoslemany, Ahmad A. Al Romaihi, Abdulfattah Y. Azzawi, Abdullah Almubarak and Ibrahim Elsohaby
Antibiotics 2023, 12(2), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020229 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1509
Abstract
Household cats have been identified as potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reservoirs, and the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli circulating among cats has been more frequently reported globally, but the factors linked to its colonization remain poorly understood. Thus, the objectives of [...] Read more.
Household cats have been identified as potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reservoirs, and the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli circulating among cats has been more frequently reported globally, but the factors linked to its colonization remain poorly understood. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine E. coli shedding and the occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR)- and ESBL-producing E. coli, as well as to determine risk factors associated with colonization of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from both healthy and diseased cats in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. In a cross-sectional study, 2000 swabs were collected from five anatomical regions (anus, skin, ear canal, nares, and conjunctival sac) of 209 healthy and 191 diseased cats that were admitted to a veterinary clinic in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. In addition, each cat owner filled out a questionnaire about their cat’s demographics, management, health status, and antimicrobial usage. E. coli was detected in 165 (41.3%) of all cats, including 59 (28.2%) healthy and 106 (55.5%) diseased cats. In total, 170 E. coli isolates were found in healthy (35.3%) and diseased (64.7%) cats. Susceptibility testing revealed that 123 (72.4%) of the E. coli isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. Overall, 17.6% (30/170) of E. coli isolates were MDR, with 10 (5.9%) and 20 (11.8%) isolates found in healthy and diseased cats, respectively. However, only 12 (7.1%) E. coli isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and harbored the blaCTX-M gene (ESBL-producer), with seven (4.1%) in healthy and five (2.9%) in diseased cats. Risk factor analysis showed that the odds of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli were (20 and 17) and (six and eight) times higher when the family and cats were previously treated with antimicrobials, respectively. The presence of a child in the cat’s family was also linked to an increased risk of MDR E. coli colonization (OR = 3.4). In conclusion, a high frequency of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli was detected among healthy and diseased cats in Saudi Arabia, raising concerns about transmission to humans and supporting the need of a “One Health” approach to address the potential threats of cats as AMR reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics Used in Animals Disease Control)
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