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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Specialized Coatings Interacting with Human Pathogens
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Specialized Coatings Interacting with Human Pathogens

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 24815

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Thomas D. Michl

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Interests: bacteria; fungi; thin-film coatings; plasma polymerization; biofilm
Dr. Akash Bachhuka

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Interests: materials science; engineering physics; astronomy
Dr. Behnam Akhavan

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
School of Biomedical Engineering and School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Interests: biomedical Engineering; thin film coatings; plasma polymerization; biomaterials; Surface Engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Even ever-improving sanitation and preventative care have done little to lower the baseline-threshold of implant-related infections. Furthermore, with the increasing use of medical implants in the general population, this baseline of infections will contribute to a rising number of actual cases of infections. Thus, to better understand how to reduce the number of infections, we must first understand how human pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi, attach to surfaces and then subsequently colonise them. This understanding goes then herein with how we can ward off pathogens from doing what they have evolved to do by using novel coatings.

Therefore, the main subject of this Special Issue seeks manuscripts which use specialised coatings that either study, prevent or eradicate human pathogens from surfaces. Manuscripts which use thin-film deposition methods, such as PVD or PECVD, are particularly encouraged. The same applies for manuscripts that provide a mechanistic understanding of how human pathogens colonise surfaces & form biofilm and how this process can be changed via specialized coatings.

Dr. Thomas D. Michl
Dr. Akash Bachhuka
Dr. Behnam Akhavan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • biofilm
  • medical device
  • infection prevention
  • coatings
  • thin-film
  • plasma polymerization
  • PECVD
  • PVD

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1146 KiB  
Article
Enzyme-Responsive Nanoparticles and Coatings Made from Alginate/Peptide Ciprofloxacin Conjugates as Drug Release System
by Yannick Bourgat, Carina Mikolai, Meike Stiesch, Philipp Klahn and Henning Menzel
Antibiotics 2021, 10(6), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060653 - 29 May 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3062
Abstract
Infection-controlled release of antibacterial agents is of great importance, particularly for the control of peri-implant infections in the postoperative phase. Polymers containing antibiotics bound via enzymatically cleavable linkers could provide access to drug release systems that could accomplish this. Dispersions of nanogels were [...] Read more.
Infection-controlled release of antibacterial agents is of great importance, particularly for the control of peri-implant infections in the postoperative phase. Polymers containing antibiotics bound via enzymatically cleavable linkers could provide access to drug release systems that could accomplish this. Dispersions of nanogels were prepared by ionotropic gelation of alginate with poly-l-lysine, which was conjugated with ciprofloxacin as model drug via a copper-free 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click reaction). The nanogels are stable in dispersion and form films which are stable in aqueous environments. However, both the nanogels and the layers are degraded in the presence of an enzyme and the ciprofloxacin is released. The efficacy of the released drug against Staphylococcus aureus is negatively affected by the residues of the linker. Both the acyl modification of the amine nitrogen in ciprofloxacin and the sterically very demanding linker group with three annellated rings could be responsible for this. However the basic feasibility of the principle for enzyme-triggered release of drugs was successfully demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Coatings Interacting with Human Pathogens)
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15 pages, 12528 KiB  
Article
Shelf-Life Optimisation of Plasma Polymerised (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPOpp) Coatings; A New Possible Approach to Tackle Infections in Chronic Wounds
by Kilian Böttle, Krasimir Vasilev and Thomas Danny Michl
Antibiotics 2021, 10(4), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040362 - 29 Mar 2021
Viewed by 2069
Abstract
Chronic wounds fail to heal and are accompanied by an ongoing infection. They cause suffering, shorten lifespans, and their prevalence is increasing. Unfortunately, the medical treatment of chronic wounds has remained unchanged for decades. A novel approach to break the biological vicious cycle [...] Read more.
Chronic wounds fail to heal and are accompanied by an ongoing infection. They cause suffering, shorten lifespans, and their prevalence is increasing. Unfortunately, the medical treatment of chronic wounds has remained unchanged for decades. A novel approach to break the biological vicious cycle is the long-lived radical (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO). TEMPO can be plasma polymerised (TEMPOpp) into thin coatings that have antimicrobial properties. However, due to its radical nature, quenching causes it to lose effectiveness over time. Our aim in this study was to extend the shelf-life of TEMPOpp coatings using various storage conditions: Namely, room temperature (RT), room temperature & vacuum sealed (RTV), freezer temperature & vacuum sealed (FTV). We have analysed the coatings’ quality via the surface analytical methods of X-Ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR); finding marked differences among the three storage conditions. Furthermore, we have compared the antimicrobial efficacy of the stored coatings against two major bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, commonly found in chronic wounds. We did so both qualitatively via live/dead staining, as well as quantitatively via (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium (XTT) viability assay for up to 15 weeks in 5 weeks increments. Taken all together, we demonstrate that samples stored under FTV conditions retain the highest antimicrobial activity after 15 weeks and that this finding correlates with the retained concentration of nitroxides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Coatings Interacting with Human Pathogens)
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19 pages, 10280 KiB  
Article
Bioactive Coatings Based on Hydroxyapatite, Kanamycin, and Growth Factor for Biofilm Modulation
by Oana Gherasim, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, Valentina Grumezescu, Irina Negut, Marius Florin Dumitrescu, Miruna Silvia Stan, Ionela Cristina Nica, Alina Maria Holban, Gabriel Socol and Ecaterina Andronescu
Antibiotics 2021, 10(2), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020160 - 05 Feb 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3138
Abstract
The occurrence of opportunistic local infections and improper integration of metallic implants results in severe health conditions. Protective and tunable coatings represent an attractive and challenging selection for improving the metallic devices’ biofunctional performances to restore or replace bone tissue. Composite materials based [...] Read more.
The occurrence of opportunistic local infections and improper integration of metallic implants results in severe health conditions. Protective and tunable coatings represent an attractive and challenging selection for improving the metallic devices’ biofunctional performances to restore or replace bone tissue. Composite materials based on hydroxyapatite (HAp), Kanamycin (KAN), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) are herein proposed as multifunctional coatings for hard tissue implants. The superior cytocompatibility of the obtained composite coatings was evidenced by performing proliferation and morphological assays on osteoblast cell cultures. The addition of FGF2 proved beneficial concerning the metabolic activity, adhesion, and spreading of cells. The KAN-embedded coatings exhibited significant inhibitory effects against bacterial biofilm development for at least two days, the results being superior in the case of Gram-positive pathogens. HAp-based coatings embedded with KAN and FGF2 protein are proposed as multifunctional materials with superior osseointegration potential and the ability to reduce device-associated infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Coatings Interacting with Human Pathogens)
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15 pages, 4947 KiB  
Article
pH-Responsive “Smart” Hydrogel for Controlled Delivery of Silver Nanoparticles to Infected Wounds
by Hanif Haidari, Zlatko Kopecki, Adam T. Sutton, Sanjay Garg, Allison J. Cowin and Krasimir Vasilev
Antibiotics 2021, 10(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10010049 - 05 Jan 2021
Cited by 69 | Viewed by 5449
Abstract
Persistent wound infections have been a therapeutic challenge for a long time. Current treatment approaches are mostly based on the delivery of antibiotics, but these are not effective for all infections. Here, we report the development of a sensitive pH-responsive hydrogel that can [...] Read more.
Persistent wound infections have been a therapeutic challenge for a long time. Current treatment approaches are mostly based on the delivery of antibiotics, but these are not effective for all infections. Here, we report the development of a sensitive pH-responsive hydrogel that can provide controlled, pH-triggered release of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This delivery system was designed to sense the environmental pH and trigger the release of AgNPs when the pH changes from acidic to alkaline, as occurs due to the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the wound. Our results show that the prepared hydrogel restricts the release of AgNPs at acidic pH (pH = 4) but substantially amplifies it at alkaline pH (pH = 7.4 and pH = 10). This indicates the potential use of the hydrogel for the on-demand release of Ag+ depending on the environmental pH. In vitro antibacterial studies demonstrated effective elimination of both Gram-negative and positive bacteria. Additionally, the effective antibacterial dose of Ag+ showed no toxicity towards mammalian skin cells. Collectively, this pH-responsive hydrogel presents potential as a promising new material for the treatment of infected wounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Coatings Interacting with Human Pathogens)
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Review

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22 pages, 2765 KiB  
Review
Transformation of Biowaste for Medical Applications: Incorporation of Biologically Derived Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Coating
by Sevakumaran Vigneswari, Tan Suet May Amelia, Mohamad Hazari Hazwan, Govindan Kothandaraman Mouriya, Kesaven Bhubalan, Al-Ashraf Abdullah Amirul and Seeram Ramakrishna
Antibiotics 2021, 10(3), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030229 - 24 Feb 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4935
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology has undoubtedly influenced major breakthroughs in medical sciences. Application of nanosized materials has made it possible for researchers to investigate a broad spectrum of treatments for diseases with minimally invasive procedures. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been a subject of investigation for numerous [...] Read more.
Nanobiotechnology has undoubtedly influenced major breakthroughs in medical sciences. Application of nanosized materials has made it possible for researchers to investigate a broad spectrum of treatments for diseases with minimally invasive procedures. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been a subject of investigation for numerous applications in agriculture, water treatment, biosensors, textiles, and the food industry as well as in the medical field, mainly due to their antimicrobial properties and nanoparticle nature. In general, AgNPs are known for their superior physical, chemical, and biological properties. The properties of AgNPs differ based on their methods of synthesis and to date, the biological method has been preferred because it is rapid, nontoxic, and can produce well-defined size and morphology under optimized conditions. Nevertheless, the common issue concerning biological or biobased production is its sustainability. Researchers have employed various strategies in addressing this shortcoming, such as recently testing agricultural biowastes such as fruit peels for the synthesis of AgNPs. The use of biowastes is definitely cost-effective and eco-friendly; moreover, it has been reported that the reduction process is simple and rapid with reasonably high yield. This review aims to address the developments in using fruit- and vegetable-based biowastes for biologically producing AgNPs to be applied as antimicrobial coatings in biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Coatings Interacting with Human Pathogens)
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13 pages, 1618 KiB  
Review
Antibacterial Property and Biocompatibility of Silver, Copper, and Zinc in Titanium Dioxide Layers Incorporated by One-Step Micro-Arc Oxidation: A Review
by Masaya Shimabukuro
Antibiotics 2020, 9(10), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100716 - 20 Oct 2020
Cited by 79 | Viewed by 5473
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are commonly used in medical devices. However, biomaterial-associated infections such as peri-implantitis and prosthetic joint infections are devastating and threatening complications for patients, dentists, and orthopedists and are easily developed on titanium surfaces. Therefore, this review focuses on [...] Read more.
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are commonly used in medical devices. However, biomaterial-associated infections such as peri-implantitis and prosthetic joint infections are devastating and threatening complications for patients, dentists, and orthopedists and are easily developed on titanium surfaces. Therefore, this review focuses on the formation of biofilms on implant surfaces, which is the main cause of infections, and one-step micro-arc oxidation (MAO) as a coating technology that can be expected to prevent infections due to the implant. Many researchers have provided sufficient data to prove the efficacy of MAO for preventing the initial stages of biofilm formation on implant surfaces. Silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are well used and are incorporated into the Ti surface by MAO. In this review, the antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, and durability of these elements on the Ti surface incorporated by one-step MAO will be summarized. This review is aimed at enhancing the importance of the quantitative control of Ag, Cu, and Zn for their use in implant surfaces and the significance of the biodegradation behavior of these elements for the development of antibacterial properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Coatings Interacting with Human Pathogens)
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