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12 pages, 1146 KiB

Open AccessArticle

E-Cadherin Immunostaining in Equine Melanocytic Tumors

by José Pimenta, Isabel Pires, Justina Prada and Mário Cotovio

Animals 2023, 13(13), 2216; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132216 - 06 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 943

Abstract

Melanocytic tumors are an important neoplastic disease in human and veterinary medicine, presenting large differences regarding tumor behavior between species. In horses, these tumors present a prolonged benign behavior, with rare invasiveness and metastases. In humans and small animals, invasion and metastasis have been associated with an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, where the loss of E-cadherin expression plays a key role in tumor progression. This process and the role of E-cadherin have not yet been evaluated in equine melanocytic tumors. This study aimed to assess the immunolabeling of E-cadherin in equine melanocytic tumors and relate this with clinicopathological variables. A total of 72 equine melanocytic tumors were classified as benign and malignant and evaluated by immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin expression. A different pattern of immunostaining was found, contrasting with other species. A total of 69.4% of tumors presented raised immunolabeling of E-cadherin, with 70.7% of melanomas remaining with high expression. The typical loss of immunostaining was not seen in malignant melanomas and no differences were found between benign and malignant melanomas regarding E-cadherin immunostaining. The high immunolabeling of E-cadherin may contribute to the low invasiveness of these tumors, and it is in accordance with the benign behavior of equine melanoma and with the genetic factors associated with its development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tumors in Companion Animals: Epidemiology, Biology and Comparative Features)

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17 pages, 3833 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study of Digital Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Giant, Standard, and Miniature Schnauzers

by Heike Aupperle-Lellbach, Daniela Heidrich, David Conrad, Christoph Beitzinger, Nives Masala, Robert Klopfleisch and Tobias Müller

Animals 2023, 13(12), 1990; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121990 - 14 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6296

Abstract

In schnauzers, a breed predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma of the digit (dSCC) is well known. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and macroscopic findings of dSCCs in giant (GSs), standard (SSs), and miniature schnauzers (MSs). Methods: Pathology reports of 478 dSCCs from 417 schnauzers (227 GSs, 174 SSs, and 16 MSs) were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The MSs were older than the SSs and GSs (p ≤ 0.01). The male GSs were predisposed to dSCC (p < 0.05). In the GSs, the nodular dSCCs were larger than in the MSs (p ≤ 0.05) and SSs (p ≤ 0.001). The digital SCCs were mostly diagnosed at the forelimbs, especially at digits 1, 2, and 5. At the hindlimbs, the affected toes differed between the GSs and SSs. Multiple dSCCs were more common in SSs than in GSs (p = 0.003). If dSCC was the cause of death, the survival time was shorter than in dogs dying from other diseases (p = 0.004). Metastases occurred in 20% of the cases and led to a significantly shorter survival time in both the GSs and SSs (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results showed various differences in the dSCC depending on the size variant of the schnauzer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tumors in Companion Animals: Epidemiology, Biology and Comparative Features)

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15 pages, 1826 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Immunohistochemical and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Canine Digital Mast Cell Tumours

by David Conrad, Alexandra Kehl, Tobias Müller, Robert Klopfleisch and Heike Aupperle-Lellbach

Animals 2023, 13(10), 1694; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101694 - 19 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2509

Abstract

Grading, immunohistochemistry and c-kit mutation status are criteria for assessing the prognosis and therapeutic options of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs). As a subset, canine digital MCTs have rarely been explored in this context. Therefore, in this retrospective study, 68 paraffin-embedded canine digital MCTs were analysed, and histological grading was assessed according to Patnaik and Kiupel. The immunohistochemical markers KIT and Ki67 were used, as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mutational screening in c-kit exons 8, 9, 11 and 14. Patnaik grading resulted in 22.1% grade I, 67.6% grade II and 10.3% grade III tumours. Some 86.8% of the digital MCTs were Kiupel low-grade. Aberrant KIT staining patterns II and III were found in 58.8%, and a count of more than 23 Ki67-positive cells in 52.3% of the cases. Both parameters were significantly associated with an internal tandem duplication (ITD) in c-kit exon 11 (12.7%). French Bulldogs, which tend to form well-differentiated cutaneous MCTs, had a higher proportion of digital high-grade MCTs and ITD in c-kit exon 11 compared with mongrels. Due to its retrospective nature, this study did not allow for an analysis of survival data. Nevertheless, it may contribute to the targeted characterisation of digital MCTs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tumors in Companion Animals: Epidemiology, Biology and Comparative Features)

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