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Use of Regenerative Therapies in Canine Osteoarthritis

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A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2022) | Viewed by 8779

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Angela Palumbo Piccionello

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Guest Editor

School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
Interests: orthopedics; regenerative therapy; stem cells; PRP; traumatology; osteoarthritis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Caterina Di Bella

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Guest Editor

School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
Interests: anaesthesia; pain management; loco-regional anaesthesia; analgesic therapies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The orthopedic diseases that afflict dogs are many—for example, congenital or acquired joint diseases, fractures, tendon and muscle damage, which often affect pets. Veterinary medicine has made enormous progress in the treatment of these pathologies, which are treated with medical therapies such as anti-inflammatory treatments, rest, rehabilitation and also specialist surgery.

Despite this, some of these pathologies are still a challenge for orthopedic surgeons.

In recent years, as in human medicine, regenerative therapies offer new healing opportunities. Some studies regarding PRP and other blood-derived products, stem cells and the adipose vascular stromal fraction have provided encouraging results and shown the efficacy of said treatments in osteoarthritis, muscle-tendon pathologies, pseudarthrosis, etc., promoting tissue regeneration and even reducing pain and inflammation.

However, much remains to be understood and it is hoped that research will produce scientific evidence in this field.

Dr. Angela Palumbo Piccionello
Dr. Caterina Di Bella
Guest Editors

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26 pages, 54569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Intra-Articular Autologous Adipose Micrograft for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Dogs: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study

by Riccardo Botto, Valentina Riccio, Livio Galosi, Giacomo Rossi, Silvia Vincenzetti, Adolfo Maria Tambella, Francesco De Francesco, Luca Pennasilico, Michele Riccio, Alberto Salvaggio, Sara Sassaroli and Angela Palumbo Piccionello

Animals 2022, 12(14), 1844; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12141844 - 20 Jul 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2301

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to estimate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of the intra-articular treatment of autologous microfragmented adipose tissue in dogs with spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) in comparison with hyaluronic acid (HA), the standard intra-articular treatment. Specifically, it clinically evaluated pain and lameness, the radiographic progression of osteoarthritis, and synovial fluid inflammation. This was a prospective, single-center, parallel-group, randomized, controlled, in vivo clinical study. Participants (n = 40) received either a single intra-articular injection of microfragmented adipose tissue or a single intra-articular injection of HA (1:1). Clinical outcomes were determined using a specialistic clinician assessment obtained by the completion of a specific clinical form based on the Vesseur modified lameness classification system, a pain evaluation using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the measurement of the range of motion (ROM) of the affected joint, limb circumference, and the owners’ score evaluation using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) for up to 6 months after the time of injection. Patients underwent a radiographic examination to establish the degree of OA in the affected joint, and synovial fluid samples were collected to assess the biochemical environment of the joint and evaluate and quantify the cellular population and the presence of three specific inflammation biomarkers for up to 60 days. The results of this study suggest that microfragmented autologous adipose tissue is safe and can effectively relieve pain and improve function in dogs with spontaneous articular OA. This one-step procedure is simple, timesaving, cost-effective, minimally invasive, and eliminates the need for complex and time-intensive cell culture processing. Furthermore, the clinical evidence and cytological results suggest better long-term pain control, resulting in an improvement in joint function, compared to HA treatment. The canine spontaneous OA model could play a key role in developing successful treatments for human medicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Use of Regenerative Therapies in Canine Osteoarthritis)

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15 pages, 869 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Canine Mesenchymal Cell Lyosecretome Production and Safety Evaluation after Allogenic Intraarticular Injection in Osteoarthritic Dogs

by Michela Mocchi, Elia Bari, Silvia Dotti, Riccardo Villa, Priscilla Berni, Virna Conti, Maurizio Del Bue, Gian Paolo Squassino, Lorena Segale, Roberto Ramoni, Maria Luisa Torre, Sara Perteghella and Stefano Grolli

Animals 2021, 11(11), 3271; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113271 - 15 Nov 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2272

Abstract

In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promise as a therapy in treating musculoskeletal diseases, and it is currently believed that their therapeutic effect is mainly related to the release of proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs), known as secretome. In this work, three batches of canine MSC-secretome were prepared by standardized processes according to the current standard ISO9001 and formulated as a freeze-dried powder named Lyosecretome. The final products were characterized in protein and lipid content, EV size distribution and tested to ensure the microbiological safety required for intraarticular injection. Lyosecretome induced the proliferation of adipose tissue-derived canine MSCs, tenocytes, and chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner and showed anti-elastase activity, reaching 85% of inhibitory activity at a 20 mg/mL concentration. Finally, to evaluate the safety of the preparation, three patients affected by bilateral knee or elbow osteoarthritis were treated with two intra-articular injections (t = 0 and t = 40 days) of the allogeneic Lyosecretome (20 mg corresponding 2 × 10⁶ cell equivalents) resuspended in hyaluronic acid in one joint and placebo (mannitol resuspended in hyaluronic acid) in the other joint. To establish the safety of the treatment, the follow-up included a questionnaire addressed to the owner and orthopaedic examinations to assess lameness grade, pain score, functional disability score and range of motion up to day 80 post-treatment. Overall, the collected data suggest that intra-articular injection of allogeneic Lyosecretome is safe and does not induce a clinically significant local or systemic adverse response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Use of Regenerative Therapies in Canine Osteoarthritis)

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13 pages, 2874 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Characterization of Canine Microfragmented Adipose Tissue Non-Enzymatically Extracted from the Thigh and Lumbar Regions

by Francesco De Francesco, Valentina Riccio, Reetuparna Biswas, Alice Busato, Caterina Di Bella, Evelina Serri, Andrea Sbarbati, Barbara Zavan, Michele Riccio and Angela Palumbo Piccionello

Animals 2021, 11(11), 3231; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113231 - 12 Nov 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2108 | Correction

Abstract

Within the adult canine population, disabilities and symptoms including joint pain and functional impairment are commonly observed in articular cartilage lesions and present a challenging feat in the operating room. Clinical settings require less invasive and more minimally manipulated measures facilitated by innovative and advanced technology. Mesenchymal stem cells have recently been proposed and, furthermore, autologous adipose tissue administration via injection has emerged as a new albeit somewhat controversial therapeutic tool. The purpose of this study is to characterize canine autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue (micrografts) by mechanical approach without substantial manipulations. Adipose tissue samples collected from six dogs were processed by a Rigenera device and by enzymatic digestion from two different body regions (lumbar and thigh region). Interestingly, the immunophenotypic analysis attested that cells from Rigenera^® were highly positive for the mesenchymal stem cells markers CD73 and CD90, less positive for hematopoietic CD45 and CD34, and negative for MHC class II antibodies (which play a role in immune responses). Finally, the Rigenera^® technology obtained micrografts with a 35% higher expression of the IL10 gene with relevant anti-inflammatory activities compared to the enzymatic digestion protocol. This evidence suggests a potential improved clinical outcome capable of modulating inflammation and immune responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Use of Regenerative Therapies in Canine Osteoarthritis)

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