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Advances in Veterinary Oncology
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Advances in Veterinary Oncology

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2022) | Viewed by 23341

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Delia Franchini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Surgery and Sea Turtle Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
Interests: small animal surgery; veterinary oncology; sea turtle surgery; wild animal medicine and surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chiara Leo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy
Interests: veterinary oncology
Dr. Stefano Ciccarelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Surgery and Sea Turtle Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
Interests: small animal surgery; veterinary oncology; sea turtle surgery; wild animal medicine and surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oncology has attracted considerable attention from the scientific community as a multidisciplinary approach for a better understanding, diagnosis, and therapy of cancer in animals. Advancing the application of evidence-based medicine remains a challenge in veterinary oncology, where improved durable outcomes are needed for many tumors (such as canine lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, and osteosarcoma), as well as validated biomarkers to assist with prognostic and predictive estimates for all cancers. Furthermore, advancements in supportive measures that can ensure the maintenance of quality of life in animals are in need. The study of tumor progression and the evaluation of novel cancer strategies and therapies and the complete molecular pathology and biology of many animal cancers still need to be revealed.

This Special Issue on "Advances in Veterinary Oncology" includes research articles and original reviews on different and the latest aspects of oncology in small, large non-conventional, and wild animals.

Major topics include cancer immunology with immune cell‐based immunotherapy and monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, cancer nursing, cancer biomarkers, imaging diagnostics, surgical oncology, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, electrochemotherapy, prevention and palliative care in cancer, cancer drugs, and complementary and alternative cancer treatments. Comparative and translational studies will also be considered.

This Special Issue will expand our current knowledge on veterinary tumors, advancing new information on several aspects in a joint effort of veterinary oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, and other researchers.

Dr. Delia Franchini
Dr. Chiara Leo
Dr. Stefano Ciccarelli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • veterinary oncology
  • cancer therapy
  • veterinary surgical oncology
  • veterinary pathology
  • chemotherapy
  • electrochemotherapy
  • radiotherapy
  • cancer immunology

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 3026 KiB  
Article
Effects of Para-Toluenesulfonamide on Canine Melanoma Xenotransplants in a BALB/c Nude Mouse Model
by Chien-Teng Lin, Chuen-Fu Lin, Jui-Te Wu, Hsiao-Pei Tsai, Shu-Ying Cheng, Huei-Jyuan Liao, Tzu-Chun Lin, Chao-Hsuan Wu, Yu-Chin Lin, Jiann-Hsiung Wang and Geng-Ruei Chang
Animals 2022, 12(17), 2272; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12172272 - 2 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1904
Abstract
The pharmacological pathway of para-toluenesulfonamide (PTS) restricts the kinase activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin, potentially leading to reductions in cell division, cell growth, cell proliferation, and inflammation. These pathways have a critical effect on tumorigenesis. We aimed to examine the antitumor [...] Read more.
The pharmacological pathway of para-toluenesulfonamide (PTS) restricts the kinase activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin, potentially leading to reductions in cell division, cell growth, cell proliferation, and inflammation. These pathways have a critical effect on tumorigenesis. We aimed to examine the antitumor effect of PTS or PTS combined with cisplatin on canine melanoma implanted in BALB/c nude mice by estimating tumor growth, apoptosis expression, inflammation, and metastasis. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, cisplatin, PTS, and PTS combined with cisplatin. Mice treated with PTS or PTS combined with cisplatin had retarded tumor growth and increased tumor apoptosis through the enhanced expression of cleaved caspase 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, decreased inflammatory cytokine levels, reduced inflammation-related factors, enhanced anti-inflammation-related factors, and inhibition of metastasis-related factors. Mice treated with PTS combined with cisplatin exhibited significantly retarded tumor growth, reduced tumor size, and increased tumor inhibition compared with those treated with cisplatin or PTS alone. PTS or PTS combined with cisplatin could retard canine melanoma growth and inhibit tumorigenesis. PTS and cisplatin were found to have an obvious synergistic tumor-inhibiting effect on canine melanoma. PTS alone and PTS combined with cisplatin may be antitumor agents for canine melanoma treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Oncology)
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8 pages, 220 KiB  
Article
Quantification of Canine Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) Tumor Specimen Shrinkage after Formalin Fixation
by Brandan G. Wustefeld-Janssens, Arathi Vinayak, Lindsay A. Parker and Danielle L. Hollenbeck
Animals 2022, 12(15), 1869; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151869 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1467
Abstract
The aim was to prospectively measure the shrinkage of primary apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) tumors after 24 and 48 h of formalin fixation. Dogs that were diagnosed with AGASACA pre-operatively by aspiration cytology were prospectively enrolled in the study. Tumor extirpation [...] Read more.
The aim was to prospectively measure the shrinkage of primary apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) tumors after 24 and 48 h of formalin fixation. Dogs that were diagnosed with AGASACA pre-operatively by aspiration cytology were prospectively enrolled in the study. Tumor extirpation was performed in a closed technique. The tumor and associated tissues were examined on the back table away from the patient and the widest dimension of the tumor was measured using a sterile ruler (Medline®; Northfield, IL, USA). This measurement was recorded in mm (t0). The tissue was placed in 10% buffered formalin and stored at room temperature. Two further measurements were taken after 24 (t24) and 48 (t48) hours of formalin fixation. Once the 48 h measurement was taken, the tissue was submitted for histopathology. The percentage of shrinkage between time points was calculated by using the following equation: (1 − [time b/time a]) × 100. Overall, 23 dogs with 23 tumors were enrolled. The mean percentage of shrinkage after 24 and 48 h of formalin fixation was 4.8% and 7.2%, respectively. The median diameter of the tumors reduced by 1 mm over 48 h and was not significantly different at any time point. These data will aid clinicians in interpreting measurements of AGASACA tumors following formalin fixation and shows that minimal change in tumor size is expected following 48 h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Oncology)
19 pages, 3433 KiB  
Article
Utility of Serum Ki-67 as a Marker for Malignancy in Dogs
by Annkathrin Estaller, Martin Kessler, Axel Wehrend, Johannes Hirschberger and Stephan Neumann
Animals 2022, 12(10), 1263; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12101263 - 14 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2421
Abstract
Tumour markers are scarcely used in veterinary medicine, although they are non-invasive, contribute to a faster diagnosis and new therapeutic options. The nuclear protein Ki-67 is absent in G0-phase but is detectable throughout all active phases of the cell cycle. Consequently, [...] Read more.
Tumour markers are scarcely used in veterinary medicine, although they are non-invasive, contribute to a faster diagnosis and new therapeutic options. The nuclear protein Ki-67 is absent in G0-phase but is detectable throughout all active phases of the cell cycle. Consequently, it is used as a marker for the proliferating cell fraction of a cell population and thus could indicate neoplastic tissue present. Our study is designed to show whether Ki-67 can be considered as a potential canine serum tumour marker for veterinary medicine. We measured serum concentrations of Ki-67 in dogs with various malignant tumours (carcinomas (n = 35); sarcomas (n = 26); lymphomas (n = 21)) using a commercially available quantitative sandwich ELISA from mybiosource. Dogs with malignant tumours showed significantly higher serum Ki-67 concentrations compared to healthy dogs (n = 19) and non-neoplastic diseased dogs (n = 26). No significant difference in serum Ki-67 concentration was detected between carcinoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma, nor between mammary adenocarcinoma and adenoma. In our investigations we also included some inflammatory parameters measured in blood, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, and gained mixed results. The results of our study suggest that Ki-67 may be useful as a potential serum tumour marker, providing information about the presence of malignancies in a dog. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Oncology)
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16 pages, 10578 KiB  
Article
Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumours of Small Pet Mammals—Retrospective Study of 256 Cases (2014–2021)
by Iwona Otrocka-Domagała, Katarzyna Paździor-Czapula, Joanna Fiedorowicz, Mateusz Mikiewicz, Agnieszka Piotrowska and Michał Gesek
Animals 2022, 12(8), 965; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12080965 - 8 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3392
Abstract
Since small mammals are gaining popularity as pets in Poland, the number of tumour samples submitted for histopathological examination is quite high. This study was a retrospective analysis of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumours in small pet mammals submitted for histopathology in 2014–2021. The [...] Read more.
Since small mammals are gaining popularity as pets in Poland, the number of tumour samples submitted for histopathological examination is quite high. This study was a retrospective analysis of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumours in small pet mammals submitted for histopathology in 2014–2021. The analysis included 256 tumours sampled from 103 guinea pigs, 53 rats, 43 pet rabbits, 21 ferrets, 17 hamsters, 8 degus, 5 African pygmy hedgehogs, 3 Mongolian gerbils and 3 chinchillas. Tumours were diagnosed based on routine histopathology, with additional immunohistochemistry when necessary. The results of this study revealed that the vast majority of cutaneous tumours in guinea pigs were benign, with a predominance of lipoma. Adnexal tumours constituted a significant percentage of cutaneous tumours in guinea pigs (24.3%, with the most common being trichofolliculoma), pet rabbits (46.5%, with the most common being trichoblastoma), ferrets (33.3%, mostly derived from sebaceous glands), hamsters (52.9%, with the most common being trichoepithelioma) and gerbils (66.7%, scent gland epithelioma). Soft tissue sarcomas were a predominant group of tumours in rats (52.8%, with the most common being fibrosarcoma), African pygmy hedgehogs (100%), degus (87.5%) and chinchillas (66.7%). Melanocytic tumours were only sporadically seen in small mammal pets. Mast cell tumours were diagnosed only in ferrets, while epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed only in a hamster and a degu. In summary, malignant tumours constitute a significant percentage of cutaneous tumours in many species of small mammal pets. Therefore, each cutaneous tumour should be sampled for further cytologic or histopathologic diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Oncology)
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10 pages, 1503 KiB  
Article
Effects of Chemotherapy on Hematological Parameters and CD4+/CD8+ Ratio in Cats with Mediastinal Lymphoma and Seropositive to Feline Leukemia Virus
by Tassanee Jaroensong, Juthaporn Piamwaree and Panpicha Sattasathuchana
Animals 2022, 12(3), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030223 - 18 Jan 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3117
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the COP chemotherapeutic protocol on hematological parameters, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and the mortality of 18 client-owned FeLV-infected cats with mediastinal lymphoma. The complete blood count, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and CD4 [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the COP chemotherapeutic protocol on hematological parameters, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and the mortality of 18 client-owned FeLV-infected cats with mediastinal lymphoma. The complete blood count, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were measured four times before treating with chemotherapy in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks. The white blood cell (WBC) counts at the 1st week were significantly different from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th inductions (p = 0.0075, p = <0.0001, and p = 0.0271, respectively). The neutrophils at the 1st week were significantly different from the 2nd and 3rd inductions (p = 0.0179, and p < 0.0001, respectively). The packed cell volume (PCV) at the 1st week was significantly differed from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th induction times (p = 0.0029, p = 0.0006, and p = 0.0029, respectively. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at the 1st week was significantly different from the 4th week (p = 0.0145). We found that chemotherapy did not cause any significant change in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio (p-value 0.7407). The Kaplan–Meier curves showed the median survival time (MST) for the cats with a CD4+/CD8 ratio of less than 1 after the 1st week of chemotherapy was 134 days. This suggested that COP chemotherapy was a safe treatment for FeLV-infected cats with mediastinal lymphoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Oncology)
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10 pages, 225 KiB  
Article
Appetite Stimulant and Anti-Emetic Effect of Mirtazapine Transdermal Ointment in Cats Affected by Lymphoma Following Chemotherapy Administration: A Multi-Centre Retrospective Study
by Livia Ferro, Stefano Ciccarelli, Giacomo Stanzani, Lisa Nappi, Francesca Angelini and Chiara Leo
Animals 2022, 12(2), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12020155 - 9 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3433
Abstract
In humans, mirtazapine can prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improve cancer patients’ quality of life (QoL). This drug is being increasingly used as an appetite stimulant in cats. The hypothesis of this retrospective study was that mirtazapine could reduce the incidence [...] Read more.
In humans, mirtazapine can prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improve cancer patients’ quality of life (QoL). This drug is being increasingly used as an appetite stimulant in cats. The hypothesis of this retrospective study was that mirtazapine could reduce the incidence of CINV and weight loss in feline patients affected by lymphoma. The objectives were to report the use of mirtazapine transdermal ointment and assess the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity and weight loss in cats diagnosed with lymphoma and receiving chemotherapy. Transdermal mirtazapine was topically administered to the inner surface of the pinna (2 mg/cat/daily) for 14 days following chemotherapy administration. Data recorded from 20 patients were collected. Different grades of GI toxicity were shown in 8/20 (40%) patients. Body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and muscle condition score (MCS) improved in 12/20 (60%), 6/20 (30%), and 2/20 (10%) cats, respectively. Mirtazapine-induced adverse events (AEs) occurred in 4/20 (20%) cats and did not require mirtazapine discontinuation. Substantial weight loss was not encountered, suggesting that patients had an adequate food intake after chemotherapy administration. Transdermal mirtazapine ointment was considered safe and well tolerated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Oncology)
15 pages, 1729 KiB  
Article
Effects of Topically Applied Betulinic Acid and NVX-207 on Melanocytic Tumors in 18 Horses
by Lisa A. Weber, Julien Delarocque, Karsten Feige, Manfred Kietzmann, Jutta Kalbitz, Jessica Meißner, Reinhard Paschke and Jessika-M. V. Cavalleri
Animals 2021, 11(11), 3250; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113250 - 13 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5570
Abstract
The naturally occurring betulinic acid (BA) and its derivative NVX-207 induce apoptosis in equine melanoma cells in vitro. After topical application, high concentrations of the substances can be reached in healthy equine skin. With the aim to investigate the effect and safety of [...] Read more.
The naturally occurring betulinic acid (BA) and its derivative NVX-207 induce apoptosis in equine melanoma cells in vitro. After topical application, high concentrations of the substances can be reached in healthy equine skin. With the aim to investigate the effect and safety of topically applied BA and NVX-207 in horses with melanocytic tumors, the longitudinal, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study protocol included eighteen Lipizzaner mares with early-stage cutaneous melanoma assigned to three groups. Melanocytic lesions were topically treated either with a placebo, 1% BA or 1% NVX-207 twice a day for 91 days. Caliper measurements, clinical examinations and blood tests were performed to assess the effects and safety of the medication. The topical treatment was convenient and safe. The volumes of tumors treated with BA were significantly reduced over time as compared to tumors treated with the placebo from day 80 of the study. Although treatment with NVX-207 seemed to decrease tumor volume, these results did not reach statistical significance. The findings must be regarded as preliminary due to the limited group size and need to be replicated in a larger cohort with modified pharmaceutical test formulations. Accordingly, the treatment protocol cannot yet be recommended in its current form. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Oncology)
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