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Animals
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Waste and/or By-Products Use in the “Circular Economy” Idea
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Waste and/or By-Products Use in the “Circular Economy” Idea

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal System and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 22323

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Simona Mattioli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Interests: meat and egg quality; animal nutrition; lipid metabolism; in vivo and post-mortem oxidative status; rabbit reproduction; alternative rearing systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Simone Mancini

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Interests: animal science; food quality; edible insects
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleague,

It is well known that the current food production and consumption habits are unsustainable. In the last five years, many studies have focused their attention on the evaluation of environmental impacts of food production, estimating that approximately 30%–50% of food for human consumption is wasted at different stages of the production chain, with consequent loss of productivity and natural resources, and also bearing the costs of waste disposal.

For these reasons, great attention is being given to production systems’ sustainability, focusing on the concept of circular economy: what was earlier considered to be waste or byproducts can become a resource.

Circular economy in the food system implies the reduction of the amount of waste generated in the food chain production, re-use of food, utilization of byproducts and food waste, nutrient recycling, and changes in diet toward more diverse and more efficient food patterns.

For this Special Issue, we are interested in research papers or reviews aimed at analyzing the use of waste or byproducts derived from agronomy practices, food industry or market disposal, like ingredients for animal feed, in order to reduce loss in the production chain and improve the health status of livestock (polygastric, monogastric, insect) and the nutritional quality of meat.

Dr. Simona Mattioli
Dr. Simone Mancini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • circular economy
  • sustainability
  • animal nutrition
  • health status
  • meat quality
  • by-products
  • feed ingredients

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1547 KiB  
Article
Immune-Related Gene Expression Profiling of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Vinification Byproducts: A Valorization Approach II
by Alexandros Mavrommatis, Panagiotis E. Simitzis, Panagiota Kyriakaki, Elisavet Giamouri, Eleni D. Myrtsi, Epameinondas Evergetis, Katiana Filippi, Harris Papapostolou, Sofia D. Koulocheri, Athanasios C. Pappas, Apostolis Koutinas, Serkos A. Haroutounian and Eleni Tsiplakou
Animals 2021, 11(11), 3038; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113038 - 22 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2229
Abstract
The valorization of vinification byproducts portrays a promising bioprocess for the enrichment of animals’ diet with bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, which could regulate the immune response. Therefore, the impact of dietary grounded grape pomace (GGP), wine lees extract (WYC), and grape stem [...] Read more.
The valorization of vinification byproducts portrays a promising bioprocess for the enrichment of animals’ diet with bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, which could regulate the immune response. Therefore, the impact of dietary grounded grape pomace (GGP), wine lees extract (WYC), and grape stem extract (PE) on the relative transcript level of immune related genes of broiler chickens were examined. Two hundred forty, one-day-old as hatched (male/female) chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to four dietary groups, with four replicate pens each with 15 birds. Birds were fed either a basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 2.5% GGP, or 0.2% WYC, or 0.1% PE for 42 d. The relative expression of immune-related genes was investigated using a real-time PCR platform. The mRNA levels of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) were downregulated (p = 0.039) in the liver of broilers fed the GGP-containing diet compared to the CON, while in the spleen of PE-fed broilers, TLR4 was significantly upregulated (p = 0.043). The mRNA levels of interleukin 8 (IL8) tended to upregulate (p = 0.099) in the bursa of Fabricius and were significantly increased (p = 0.036) in the spleen of broilers fed the PE diet. Vinification byproducts depict a promising sustainable source of polyphenols for the poultry feed industry, but more research is needed under field conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste and/or By-Products Use in the “Circular Economy” Idea)
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14 pages, 283 KiB  
Article
Fermentative Quality and Animal Acceptability of Ensiled Persimmon Skin with Absorbents for Practical Use in Ruminant Feed
by Shimaa Abdelazeem, Ken-ichi Takeda, Kazuhiro Kurosu and Yutaka Uyeno
Animals 2020, 10(4), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040612 - 2 Apr 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2430
Abstract
Persimmon skin (PS), while representing an attractive feed source, requires an appropriate preservation procedure to increase its shelf life. We assessed the fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal incubation, and intake of persimmon skin silage ensiled with different dry absorbents. We prepared the silage [...] Read more.
Persimmon skin (PS), while representing an attractive feed source, requires an appropriate preservation procedure to increase its shelf life. We assessed the fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal incubation, and intake of persimmon skin silage ensiled with different dry absorbents. We prepared the silage on a table scale (Experiment 1) and evaluated five different mixtures: PS without an additive, PS plus Lactobacillus buchneri inoculum (LB), and PS plus LB plus each of the absorbents kraft pulp, wheat bran, or beet pulp. We opened the laboratory bags, kept at 25 °C, at 0, 14, 28, and 60 days for fermentation quality and chemical analysis (n = 3 for each measurement). Further, with an in vitro rumen simulated cultivation study (Experiment 2), we evaluated the fermentation pattern of PS with a mixture of two absorbents (kraft pulp and wheat bran) either raw (no fermentation) or ensiled (n = 4 for each treatment). Finally, we conducted an in vivo experiment using six dry ewes assigned based on their body weight to two experimental groups in a crossover design of two periods (Experiment 3). We fed a control group a 100% basal diet (tall fescue hay and concentrate mixture) and ensiled PS (PSS) group, a 20% dry matter substitution of tall fescue with PS silage mixed with kraft pulp as the sole absorbent. The results of Experiment 1 show, regardless of the absorbents used, the effluent volume of the lab bags was lower in absorbent-treated groups (p < 0.001). In Experiment 2, the condition of the PS with absorbents (raw or ensiled) did not affect the total gas production (p > 0.05), but we observed an increased propionate proportion in PSS with absorbents compared to basal diet (p = 0.019). The proportion of methane to the total gas in PSS group was considerably reduced compared with that in the other groups (p < 0.001). As we did this incubation study with a single run, a more detailed evaluation in the future would verify these observations. In the animal trial (Experiment 3), dry matter intake was similar between groups (p > 0.05), but ewes spent a shorter time eating in the PSS-fed group (p = 0.011). Here we present the practical use of PSS as part of ruminant feed in which dry absorbents prevented dry matter loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste and/or By-Products Use in the “Circular Economy” Idea)
12 pages, 256 KiB  
Article
Feeding Agroindustrial Byproducts to Light Lambs: Influence on Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Plasma Metabolites
by Trinidad de Evan, Almudena Cabezas, Jesús de la Fuente and María Dolores Carro
Animals 2020, 10(4), 600; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040600 - 1 Apr 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2577
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing cereals and protein concentrates in a high-cereal concentrate (control) for light lambs with corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 18%), dried citrus pulp (DCP; 18%), and exhausted olive cake (EOC; [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing cereals and protein concentrates in a high-cereal concentrate (control) for light lambs with corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 18%), dried citrus pulp (DCP; 18%), and exhausted olive cake (EOC; 8%) in a byproduct (BYP) concentrate on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and plasma metabolites. Two homogeneous groups of Lacaune lambs (13.8 kg ± 0.25 kg) were fed one of each concentrates and barley straw ad libitum until reaching about 26 kg body weight. There were no differences between groups on feed intake, average daily gain, or feed conversion ratio, but the control diet had greater (p < 0.001) dry matter digestibility. Diet had no effect on post-mortem ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and profile, but NH3-N concentrations were lower (p = 0.003) for the BYP-fed group compared with the control one. However, plasma concentrations of amino acids, total proteins, urea, and hepatic enzymes were not affected by the diet. In conclusion, 44% of feed ingredients in the concentrate for light lambs can be replaced with a mixture of corn DDGS, DCP, and EOC without negatively affecting growing performance and animal health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste and/or By-Products Use in the “Circular Economy” Idea)
16 pages, 299 KiB  
Article
Effect of Feeding Hazelnut Skin on Animal Performance, Milk Quality, and Rumen Fatty Acids in Lactating Ewes
by Adriana Campione, Antonio Natalello, Bernardo Valenti, Giuseppe Luciano, Pablo J. Rufino-Moya, Marcella Avondo, Luciano Morbidini, Camilla Pomente, Barbara Krol, Martyna Wilk, Pawel Migdal and Mariano Pauselli
Animals 2020, 10(4), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040588 - 31 Mar 2020
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 3282
Abstract
The hazelnut skin is waste biomass rich in bioactive compounds that may affect lipid rumen metabolism, ruminant performance, and products’ quality. Therefore, we investigated the effect of dietary hazelnut skin on milk production and composition and on rumen fatty acids in ewes. During [...] Read more.
The hazelnut skin is waste biomass rich in bioactive compounds that may affect lipid rumen metabolism, ruminant performance, and products’ quality. Therefore, we investigated the effect of dietary hazelnut skin on milk production and composition and on rumen fatty acids in ewes. During 28 days, 20 Comisana lactating ewes received alfalfa hay ad libitum plus 800 g/head/day of pelleted concentrate containing 36% dried beet pulp (CTRL group; n = 10) or 36% hazelnut skin (HS group; n = 10). The protein percentage was lower in HS milk. Milk fatty acids (FA) partially reflected those of rumen content. Total saturated FA (SFA), odd and branched-chain FA, and n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were greater in CTRL milk. Total monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and 18:1 trans were greater in HS milk; moreover, HS milk showed a double percentage of oleic acid than the CTRL group. Individual SFA were greater in CTRL milk except for 18:0. Differing from the rumen content, total PUFA, n-6 PUFA, and 18:2 n-6 were comparable between groups. Vaccenic and rumenic acid were greater in HS milk. To conclude, dietary HS slightly reduced milk protein percentage but improved atherogenic index and healthy FA in milk. The content of the somatic cells suggested a healthier udder in the HS group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste and/or By-Products Use in the “Circular Economy” Idea)
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13 pages, 619 KiB  
Article
Effect of Feed Supplemented with Selenium-Enriched Olive Leaves on Plasma Oxidative Status, Mineral Profile, and Leukocyte DNA Damage in Growing Rabbits
by Simona Mattioli, Patrizia Rosignoli, Roberto D’Amato, Maria Chiara Fontanella, Luca Regni, Cesare Castellini, Primo Proietti, Antonia Concetta Elia, Roberto Fabiani, Gian Maria Beone, Daniela Businelli and Alessandro Dal Bosco
Animals 2020, 10(2), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020274 - 11 Feb 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2511
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a dietary combination of selenium and olive leaves on rabbit health status in order to evaluate the potential use of these combinations as functional ingredients in feed and food. Sixty weaning rabbits were fed with three diets: [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effect of a dietary combination of selenium and olive leaves on rabbit health status in order to evaluate the potential use of these combinations as functional ingredients in feed and food. Sixty weaning rabbits were fed with three diets: control feed (C), control feed + 10% normal olive leaves (OL), or olive leaves enriched in Se (2.17 mg Se/kg d.m.; SeOL). The plasma mineral profile, antioxidant status, and leukocyte DNA damage were determined. Inorganic Se was the most abundant form in the OL diet, while the organic one was higher in SeOL than C and OL. A similar trend was found in the plasma. Protein oxidation showed higher values in both supplemented groups; in addition, dietary Se led to a significant improvement (+40%) in ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). A marked reduction in DNA damage (9-fold) was observed in the SeOL group compared to C. The combination of selenium and olive leaves in the diet of growing rabbits increased plasma SeMet and FRAP and reduced leukocyte DNA damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste and/or By-Products Use in the “Circular Economy” Idea)
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Review

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16 pages, 577 KiB  
Review
Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor): Potential and Challenges to Promote Circular Economy
by Roberta Moruzzo, Francesco Riccioli, Salomon Espinosa Diaz, Chiara Secci, Giulio Poli and Simone Mancini
Animals 2021, 11(9), 2568; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092568 - 31 Aug 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 8152
Abstract
Over the last few years, the concept of Circular Economy (CE) has received a lot of attention due to its potential contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially by reconciling economic growth with the protection of the environment through its grow-make-use-restore approach. [...] Read more.
Over the last few years, the concept of Circular Economy (CE) has received a lot of attention due to its potential contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially by reconciling economic growth with the protection of the environment through its grow-make-use-restore approach. The use of insects in circular production systems has been a good example of this concept as insects can transform a wide range of organic waste and by-products into nutritious feedstuffs, which then go back into the production cycle. This paper explores the potential of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) in circular production systems by reviewing their use and applicability in several industries such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food, etc. Despite the high versatility of this insect and its potential as a substitute source of nutrients and other valuable components, there are still many legislative and behavioural challenges that hinder its adoption and acceptance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste and/or By-Products Use in the “Circular Economy” Idea)
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