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Animals
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Fish Nutrition, Physiology and Management
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Fish Nutrition, Physiology and Management

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Aquatic Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 4404

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Carlos Alfonso Alvarez-González

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
División Académica de Ciencias BIológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
Interests: fish nutrition; aquaculture; management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to explore various aspects of nutrition, physiology, and management practices in fish aquaculture and fisheries, with a focus on promoting sustainable fish production and conservation.

Optimizing fish nutrition is vital for the growth, health, and productivity of fish species. As the aquaculture industry expands to meet increasing seafood demand, understanding the nutritional requirements of fish becomes crucial. This Special Issue explores the development of well-balanced diets, incorporating alternative feed ingredients and assessing nutrient utilization to support fish growth, immune function, and reproduction.

Understanding fish physiology is key to addressing challenges related to growth, health, and adaptation. Investigating physiological responses to factors such as temperature, water quality, and stressors aids in developing strategies to enhance fish welfare and performance. Furthermore, unraveling physiological mechanisms underlying traits like growth, reproduction, and disease resistance contributes to selective breeding and improved management practices.

Effective management practices are essential for sustainable fish production and conservation. This Special Issue examines innovative approaches and technologies for fish farm management, disease prevention, and environmental sustainability. The integration of scientific knowledge, industry practices, and policy frameworks is crucial for responsible aquaculture and fisheries management.

We invite researchers and practitioners to contribute to this Special Issue, sharing their scientific insights, innovative approaches, and practical solutions to advance the fields of fish nutrition, physiology, and management for sustainable fish production and conservation.

Dr. Carlos Alfonso Alvarez-González
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fish
  • aquaculture
  • production
  • physiology
  • sustainable production

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7449 KiB  
Article
Effects of Thyroid Powder on Tadpole (Lithobates catesbeiana) Metamorphosis and Growth: The Role of Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota
by Bo Zhu, Chuang Shao, Wenjie Xu, Jihong Dai, Guihong Fu and Yi Hu
Animals 2024, 14(2), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14020208 - 08 Jan 2024
Viewed by 838
Abstract
A low metamorphosis rate of amphibian larvae, commonly known as tadpoles, limits the farming production of bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeiana). This study aimed to examine the effects of processed thyroid powder as a feed additive on tadpole metamorphosis, lipid metabolism, and gut [...] Read more.
A low metamorphosis rate of amphibian larvae, commonly known as tadpoles, limits the farming production of bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeiana). This study aimed to examine the effects of processed thyroid powder as a feed additive on tadpole metamorphosis, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota. Five groups of tadpoles were fed with diets containing 0 g/kg (TH0), 1.5 g/kg (TH1.5), 3 g/kg (TH3), 4.5 g/kg (TH4.5), and 6 g/kg (TH6) thyroid powder for 70 days. The results showed that TH increased the average weight of tadpoles during metamorphosis, with the TH6 group having the highest values. The TH4.5 group had the highest metamorphosis rate (p < 0.05). Biochemical tests and Oil Red O staining showed that the lipid (triglyceride) content in the liver decreased after TH supplementation, especially at doses higher than 1.5 g/kg. RT-qPCR revealed that TH at doses higher than 4.5 g/kg significantly up-regulated the transcriptional expression of the pparα, accb, fas, fadd6, acadl, and lcat genes, which are related to lipid metabolism (p < 0.05). These results showed that TH seems to simultaneously promote the synthesis and decomposition of lipid and fatty acids, but ultimately show a decrease in lipids. As for the gut microbiota, it is noteworthy that Verrucomicrobia increased significantly in the TH4.5 and TH6 groups, and the Akkermansia (classified as Verrucomicrobia) was the corresponding genus, which is related to lipid metabolism. Specifically, the metabolic pathways of the gut microbiota were mainly enriched in metabolic-related functions (such as lipid metabolism), and there were significant differences in metabolic and immune pathways between the TH4.5 and TH0 groups (p < 0.05). In summary, TH may enhance lipid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota (especially Akkermansia), thereby promoting the growth of tadpoles. Consequently, a supplementation of 4.5 g/kg or 6 g/kg of TH is recommended for promoting the metamorphosis and growth of tadpoles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Nutrition, Physiology and Management)
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14 pages, 2607 KiB  
Article
Different Starch Sources Affect the Growth Performance and Hepatic Health Status of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) in a High-Temperature Environment
by Dongyu Huang, Jiaze Gu, Chunyu Xue, Lu Zhang, Xiaoru Chen, Yongli Wang, Hualiang Liang and Mingchun Ren
Animals 2023, 13(24), 3808; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13243808 - 10 Dec 2023
Viewed by 826
Abstract
The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of different starch types on the growth performance and liver health status of largemouth bass in a high-temperature environment (33–35 °C). In this study, we designed five diets using corn starch (CS), tapioca starch (TS), [...] Read more.
The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of different starch types on the growth performance and liver health status of largemouth bass in a high-temperature environment (33–35 °C). In this study, we designed five diets using corn starch (CS), tapioca starch (TS), sweet potato starch (SPS), potato starch (PS), and wheat starch (WS) as the starch sources (10%). We selected 225 healthy and uniformly sized largemouth bass (199.6 ± 0.43 g) and conducted the feeding experiment for 45 days. The results showed that the WS group had the highest WGR, SGR, and SR and the lowest FCR. Among the five groups, the WS group had the highest CAT activity, SOD activity, and GSH content, while the SPS group had the highest MDA content. Furthermore, oil red O staining of liver samples showed that the TS group had the largest positive region, indicating high lipid accumulation. Lastly, the gene expression results revealed that compared with the WS group, the CS, TS, and SPS groups showed suppressed expression of nrf2, keap1, cat, sod, gpx, il-8, and il-10. Therefore, our results demonstrated the effect of different starch sources on largemouth bass growth performance and hepatic health in a high-temperature environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Nutrition, Physiology and Management)
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20 pages, 1074 KiB  
Article
Feeding Strategy to Use Beef Tallow and Modify Farmed Tiger Puffer Fatty Acid Composition
by Feiran Zhang, Lin Li, Xiaoxue Meng, Jian Liu, Xishuai Cui, Qiang Ma, Yuliang Wei, Mengqing Liang, Houguo Xu and Artur Rombenso
Animals 2023, 13(19), 3037; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193037 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 744
Abstract
A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with beef tallow (BT) on the fatty acid composition of farmed tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes). Two replacement strategies were used: a standard Graded Dietary Replacement of [...] Read more.
A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with beef tallow (BT) on the fatty acid composition of farmed tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes). Two replacement strategies were used: a standard Graded Dietary Replacement of FO with BT (GDR strategy) and Alternate Feeding between FO- and BT-based Diets (AFD strategy). The positive and negative control diets were formulated with 6% FO (FO-C group) or BT (BT-C group) as the sole added lipid source. In the GDR strategy, three experimental diets were formulated, with 25, 50 and 75% of the added FO in the FO-C diet replaced with BT, named 25BT, 50BT and 75BT, respectively. In the AFD strategy, alternated feeding patterns between the FO-C and BT-C diet—namely, 1, 2 and 3 weeks with BT-C followed by 1 week feeding with FO-C (1BT-1FO, 2BT-1FO and 3BT-1FO, respectively)—were applied. Each diet or feeding strategy was assigned to triplicate tanks. The results showed that dietary BT inclusion reduced the contents of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in both the muscle and liver (edible tissues for this species) of the experimental fish, and the liver displayed a more drastic decrease than the muscle. The LC-PUFA content linearly decreased with the decreasing dietary FO levels in the GDR strategy. However, in the AFD strategy, a linear relationship was not observed between the LC-PUFA content and the FO feeding duration. The 3BT-1FO treatment resulted in higher LC-PUFA content than 2BT-1FO. When comparing the two strategies with the same final FO administration level—namely, 50BT vs. 1BT-1FO, and in particular, 75BT vs. 3BT-1FO—the AFD strategy resulted in higher LC-PUFA contents in both the muscle and liver than the GDR strategy. In conclusion, when FO was replaced with BT in the diets, alternate feeding between FO- and BT-based diets resulted in a higher LC-PUFA content than the standard direct replacement. Three weeks of feeding with BT-C followed by one week of feeding with FO-C appeared to be a good alternate feeding pattern. This study provided a promising strategy of FO-sparing in fish farming when the LC-PUFA contents were maintained as high as possible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Nutrition, Physiology and Management)
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14 pages, 3969 KiB  
Article
Phenylalanine Plays Important Roles in Regulating the Capacity of Intestinal Immunity, Antioxidants and Apoptosis in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
by Changguo Yi, Hualiang Liang, Dongyu Huang, Heng Yu, Chunyu Xue, Jiaze Gu, Xiaoru Chen, Yongli Wang, Mingchun Ren and Lu Zhang
Animals 2023, 13(18), 2980; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182980 - 20 Sep 2023
Viewed by 917
Abstract
This experiment was planned to explore the role of dietary phenylalanine levels in intestinal immunity, antioxidant activity and apoptosis in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Six iso-nitrogen and iso-energy diets with phenylalanine levels of 1.45% (DPHE1), 1.69% (DPHE2), 1.98% (DPHE3), 2.21% (DPHE4), [...] Read more.
This experiment was planned to explore the role of dietary phenylalanine levels in intestinal immunity, antioxidant activity and apoptosis in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Six iso-nitrogen and iso-energy diets with phenylalanine levels of 1.45% (DPHE1), 1.69% (DPHE2), 1.98% (DPHE3), 2.21% (DPHE4), 2.48% (DPHE5) and 2.76% (DPHE6) were designed. Juvenile largemouth bass were fed the experimental diet for 8 weeks. In this study, the DPHE5 group increased the expression of intestinal antioxidant genes in largemouth bass (p < 0.05), and the increase of antioxidant enzyme activities and content of related substances was most concentrated in the DPHE3 and DPHE4 groups (p < 0.05). The results of plasma biochemistry were similar to that of enzyme activity. The expression of genes related to the TOR signalling pathway mainly increased significantly in the DPHE5 group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the expression of inflammatory factors, as well as apoptotic factors, also showed significant increases in the DPHE5 group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, unbalanced phenylalanine in the diet could lead to a decrease in intestinal immune and antioxidant capacity and also cause a decline in the aggravation of intestinal cell apoptosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Nutrition, Physiology and Management)
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