Marbling Fat in Livestock

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Products".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 2267

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Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, 20-934 Lublin, Poland
Interests: nutrition; physiology; metabolism; meat quality; milk quality; feedstuffs; herbs; feed additives; oxidative stress
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Guest Editor
Department of Animal Production, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Guadajira, 06187 Badajoz, Spain
Interests: swine production; carcass quality; fat deposition and lipid metabolism; intramuscular fat and ultrasound for carcass composition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Animals is dedicated to meat quality, in particular as it relates to intramuscular fat (IMF), which is one of the most important traits for meat-producing animals from management and economic perspectives. Indeed, the meat industry and consumers rate meat quality according to muscle fat marbling. In this Issue, the study of IMF can be focused on any livestock species (ruminants, swine, poultry, etc.) and on different aspects of its origin, development and meat quality attributes, either from the standpoint of genetics, genomics, biochemistry, histology, physiology, nutritional management, industrial characteristics or assessment methodology, as well as other related research fields including animal modelling for human health and nutrition.

Some of these aspects have gained much attention in animal production, such as the possibilities for the divergent selection of subcutaneous fat thickness and IMF content, as animal fat was highly valuable in the past and now only IMF is appreciated but has been partly lost when selecting for lean animals. Other examples are the studies on fatty acid profiles and lipid metabolism regulation of intramuscular versus subcutaneous fat. Muscle marbling has been induced by vitamin A or lysine deficiencies as well as hyperlipidic or hypoproteic diets (including acorn-feeding in the free-range management of Iberian pigs since ancient times) or other factors (e.g., castration). These studies involve also in vivo and postmortem IMF prediction methodologies (ultrasonography, computed tomography, image analysis, etc.). Trends in food consumption show increased demand for high-quality food products, especially those of animal origin. The growing awareness of food consumers confronts us with new scientific challenges. Consequently, health-related aspects of IMF composition profiles are extensively studied from the medical and zootechnical points of view.

We hope this monographic Special Issue will gather different studies on IMF that will result in new conclusions. Therefore, we are pleased to invite you to contribute your articles to this Special Issue.

Dr. Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
Dr. Mercedes Izquierdo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fat deposition
  • intramuscular fat
  • lipid metabolism
  • meat quality
  • nutrition
  • health

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 907 KiB  
Article
Effect of Post-Weaning Concentrate Feeding Prior to Forage Finishing on Intramuscular Fat Deposition
by Susan K. Duckett and Enrique Pavan
Animals 2024, 14(3), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030496 - 02 Feb 2024
Viewed by 551
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of feeding high-concentrate diets post-weaning (PW) prior to forage finishing on (1) changes in ultrasound intramuscular fat deposition and lipogenic/lipolytic gene expression during the post-weaning phase and (2) carcass characteristics and fatty acid [...] Read more.
The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of feeding high-concentrate diets post-weaning (PW) prior to forage finishing on (1) changes in ultrasound intramuscular fat deposition and lipogenic/lipolytic gene expression during the post-weaning phase and (2) carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition after forage finishing to 487 kg. Steers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (PW0, PW40, PW80, and PW120) at weaning to examine the time of high-concentrate feeding prior to forage finishing. The ultrasound intramuscular fat content was greater (p < 0.05) for PW120 compared to those for PW0, PW40, or PW80 at the end of the post-weaning phase. Feeding high concentrates (PW120) up-regulated (p < 0.01) the mRNA expression of fatty acid transporters and lipogenic genes and down-regulated lipolytic genes in the LM compared to PW0. Carcasses from PW120 were graded 83% Choice (p = 0.025), whereas carcasses from other post-weaning treatments (PW0, 40, or 80) were graded 25, 36, and 54% Choice, respectively, at the final harvest. The total fatty acid content of the muscle at slaughter was greater (p = 0.0004) for PW120 than PW0, PW40, and PW80. Feeding high-concentrate diets to steers post-weaning for 120 day enhanced early intramuscular fat deposition without causing major changes to the fatty acid composition of the longissimus muscle after forage finishing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marbling Fat in Livestock)
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16 pages, 5905 KiB  
Article
Effects of the CDC10 (Septin 7) Gene on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Bovine Intramuscular Preadipocyte and 3T3-L1 Cells
by Zixuan Cheng, Xihe Li, Siqin Bao, Takahisa Yamada, Guifang Cao, Jianfeng Liu, Aorigele Chen and Bin Tong
Animals 2023, 13(4), 609; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040609 - 09 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1285
Abstract
Intramuscular fat content and marbling affecting meat quality are important economic traits in beef cattle. CDC10 (cell division cycle 10 or Septin 7), a member of the septin family involved in cellular proliferation, was considered as a functional and positional candidate gene [...] Read more.
Intramuscular fat content and marbling affecting meat quality are important economic traits in beef cattle. CDC10 (cell division cycle 10 or Septin 7), a member of the septin family involved in cellular proliferation, was considered as a functional and positional candidate gene for beef marbling. In a previous study, we revealed that the expression levels of CDC10 were also positively correlated with marbling scores in Japanese Black cattle. However, the regulatory mechanism of the CDC10 gene on IMF deposition in cattle remains unclear. In the present study, flow cytometry, EdU proliferation assays, and Oil Red O staining results showed that overexpression of CDC10 could promote the differentiation of bovine intramuscular preadipocyte (BIMP) and 3T3-L1 cells, whereas knockdown of CDC10 resulted in the opposite consequences. Furthermore, quantitative PCR and Western blotting results showed that overexpression of CDC10 could promote the expression levels of adipogenic marker genes PPARγ and C/EBPα at both mRNA and protein levels in BIMP and 3T3-L1 cells, whereas knockdown of CDC10 resulted in the opposite consequences. Our results provide new insights into the regulatory roles of CDC10 in adipocytes in animals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marbling Fat in Livestock)
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