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Agronomy
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Carbon Farming: Agriculture’s Solution to Climate Change
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Carbon Farming: Agriculture’s Solution to Climate Change

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Soil and Plant Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 5142

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
2. Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: polymer materials; composting; biochar; fertilization; silica materials; heavy metals; chemical and biological soil properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon serves as a foundational element in our bodies, as well as in the plants and animals, that we depend upon for sustenance. The carbon components of soil, referred to as “organic matter”, bond with nutrients and water to make them available for plants. These are essential to plant growth. The higher level of organic matter, the more fertile the soil. “Carbon farming” encompasses land management and conservation practices that accelerate and enhance the capacity of soil to retain carbon. It is a farm approach that is used to optimize carbon capture through practices that improve the rate at which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and stored in plants or soil organic matter. Carbon farming, also known as carbon sequestration, is a system of agriculture management that accumulates and stores greenhouse gases and reduces gases that are released into the atmosphere. With the right methods, in the long term, carbon can be sequestered in soils, for decades, centuries, or more.

The following are some of the major areas in which papers are solicited:

  • carbon sequestration agriculture and climate;
  • value of soil carbon sequestration;
  • carbon farming as a step towards climate resilience;
  • a circular economy in waste management;
  • innovative practices in the management of organic fertilizers;
  • reclamation and revitalization of contaminated soils;
  • ecotoxicity assessments and ecological risk assessment;
  • organic fertilization impact on soil fertility and its effect on soil environment and plants;
  • agricultural usefulness of organic fertilizers and waste products enriching soil with organic matter (sludges and industrial composts) and raw materials deacidifying soils (calcium and calcium–magnesium fertilizers);
  • a comparison of the effect of organic and mineral fertilization on soil quality and yield quality;
  • the fertilization value of organic materials and organic fertilizers;
  • innovative mineral fertilizers with the addition of organic matter.

Dr. Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbon sequestration
  • soil organic matter
  • nutrients, plant quality, exogenic organic matter
  • soil improvers
  • ecological risk assessment
  • microorganisms
  • enzymatic activity

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1941 KiB  
Article
Mineral Coating Enhances the Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Biochar Derived from Paulownia Biowaste
by Liang Xiao, Jinghua Wu, Wenhan Li, Guodong Yuan, Qing Xu, Jing Wei and Fengxiang Han
Agronomy 2023, 13(9), 2361; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092361 - 11 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 916
Abstract
Biochar holds great promise for carbon sequestration but is restricted by high costs. Here, we introduced the water–fire coupled method and developed a mineral coating technique for biochar production from paulownia waste (Paulownia fortune). Exposure time and mineral (lime) coating were [...] Read more.
Biochar holds great promise for carbon sequestration but is restricted by high costs. Here, we introduced the water–fire coupled method and developed a mineral coating technique for biochar production from paulownia waste (Paulownia fortune). Exposure time and mineral (lime) coating were assessed for their impacts on biochar properties. The former had a dominant adverse effect on carbon content, specific surface area, and carbon capture capacity of the biochar. In contrast, the latter alleviated the adverse impact on carbon capture capacity and specific surface area, the highest being 67.07% and 176.0 m2 g−1, respectively. Without a mineral coating (B), biochar functional groups reduced at the exposure time of 0–4 min (-COOH from 0.50 to 0.19 mol/kg, phenolic-OH from 0.43 to 0.14 mol/kg). In contrast, a mineral coating (B-Ca) increased -COOH from 0.25 to 0.83 mol/kg and phenolic-OH from 0.19 to 0.72 mol/kg. The pyrolysis process with a mineral coating is conceptualized as (1) wrapping the paulownia branch with the mineral, (2) enabling oxygen-limited pyrolysis inside the branch, and (3) ending the pyrolysis with water to form biochar. Ca2+ played multiple functions of ion bridging, complexation, and reduction of COx gas formation, thus enhancing the carbon capture capacity (the ratio of C in biomass converted to biochar) to 67%. This research would improve the feasibility of biochar use for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Farming: Agriculture’s Solution to Climate Change)
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17 pages, 889 KiB  
Article
Risk Management of Methane Reduction Clean Development Mechanism Projects in Rice Paddy Fields
by Eun-Kyung Jang, Emily Marie Lim, Jumi Kim, Moon-Jung Kang, Gayoung Choi and Jooyeon Moon
Agronomy 2023, 13(6), 1639; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061639 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2165
Abstract
Agriculture accounts for the largest share of anthropogenic methane emissions. Rice paddy fields emit a significant amount of methane gas worldwide. Changing paddy water management practices has an enormous potential to reduce greenhouse gases. The clean development mechanism (CDM) project uses a market [...] Read more.
Agriculture accounts for the largest share of anthropogenic methane emissions. Rice paddy fields emit a significant amount of methane gas worldwide. Changing paddy water management practices has an enormous potential to reduce greenhouse gases. The clean development mechanism (CDM) project uses a market mechanism to reduce methane through private participation. There are various risks associated with private investment in CDM projects, although carbon credits as an economic incentive assist in mitigating some of these risks. Farmer participation plays a key role in the success of paddy water management projects in rural areas; however, despite the significant potential to reduce global methane emissions, very few projects have been implemented. When designing a Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM) system, it is crucial to understand why the market mechanism in the existing CDM projects has failed. This study identifies and categorizes the risks and barriers to paddy water management in CDM projects and analyzes risk management options in CDM projects in India, Indonesia, and Mozambique. The results of this study showed that aside from economic risks, barriers to the application of technology in the field pose critical risks. The lack of knowledge and implementation experiences in rural areas increases barriers to practice. This in turn causes risk of difficulties in technology transfer which can be alleviated by improving awareness and introducing new knowledge through education and training in rural project implementation. Additionally, we highlight the importance of international efforts to build governance between the private and public sectors and promote technology transfers through multi-stakeholder engagement. This study provides specific information to encourage methane reduction worldwide and vitalize rice paddy water management in carbon reduction projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Farming: Agriculture’s Solution to Climate Change)
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13 pages, 1850 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Fertilization Alters the Storage and Stability of Soil Organic Carbon in Chinese Paddy Soil
by Adnan Mustafa, Hu Xu, Nan Sun, Kailou Liu, Qinghai Huang, Mohammad Tahsin Karimi Nezhad and Minggang Xu
Agronomy 2023, 13(6), 1463; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061463 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1433
Abstract
The storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) in cropland soils is an essential strategy that serves the dual purpose of enhancing soil fertility and mitigating climate change. However, how the stability of stored carbon is altered under long-term fertilization has not been well [...] Read more.
The storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) in cropland soils is an essential strategy that serves the dual purpose of enhancing soil fertility and mitigating climate change. However, how the stability of stored carbon is altered under long-term fertilization has not been well understood, especially in the double rice cropping system in Chinese paddy soils. In this study, we explored the SOC storage and consequent stability of SOC under long-term fertilization. The soil samples were fractionated chemically to isolate various fractions and constituent pools of SOC (i.e., very labile C/VLC, labile C/LC, less labile C/LLC, and non-labile C/NLC). The following treatments were tested: control (CK), recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer (NPK), double the amount of recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer (2NPK), and NPK combined with manure (NPKM). The results showed that, relative to the initial level, the application of NPKM significantly improved the SOC storage as compared to the control. The long-term NPKM increased the total SOC in the paddy soil and this increased SOC was mainly stored in LLC, as revealed by the highest increase (142%) over the control. Furthermore, the highest proportion of labile pool was associated with unfertilized CK, while the reverse was true for the recalcitrant pool, which was highest under NPKM. This supports the role of combining manure with NPK to improve the stability of SOC, further verified by the high recalcitrance index under NPKM (56.75% for 0–20 cm and 57.69% for 20–40 cm) as compared to the control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Farming: Agriculture’s Solution to Climate Change)
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