Agronomy

Research

14 pages, 2455 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Chloride Salicylic Acid Ionic Liquids on Cotton Topping and High-Temperature Resistance

by Yuxi Ji, Jie Liu, Bin Hao, Ruichuan Xu, Jianwei Zhang, Haibing Xiao, Sumei Wan, Guodong Chen and Hongqiang Dong

Agronomy 2023, 13(12), 2905; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13122905 - 26 Nov 2023

Viewed by 863

Abstract

Chemical topping involves using plant growth regulators to facilitate the rapid transition of cotton into reproductive growth, similar to manual topping (MT), thereby enhancing cotton yield. Despite its benefits, high-temperature stress following cotton topping often reduces cotton yield. Therefore, developing an effective formula [...] Read more.

Chemical topping involves using plant growth regulators to facilitate the rapid transition of cotton into reproductive growth, similar to manual topping (MT), thereby enhancing cotton yield. Despite its benefits, high-temperature stress following cotton topping often reduces cotton yield. Therefore, developing an effective formula capable of not only inhibiting cotton top growth but also alleviating high-temperature stress is of critical importance. In this study, chlormequat chloride salicylic acid ionic liquids (CSILs) were synthesized via the acid–base neutralization of salicylic acid (SA) and 2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethyl ethanaminium hydroxide, obtained from the reaction between potassium hydroxide and chlormequat chloride (CCC). The resulting CSILs were characterized using various techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The characterization results confirmed the successful synthesis of CSILs as a novel water-soluble cotton-topping agent. Notably, compared with CCC treatment, CSILs at the same concentration exhibited a more sustainable and stable inhibition effect on cotton tip growth, resulting in an 11% increase in cotton yield. These findings suggest that CSILs have a greater potential for use in cotton chemical topping compared with CCC. Furthermore, compared with MT, the MDA content of cotton leaves treated with CSILs was reduced, and the activities of POD and SOD were increased under high-temperature stress. Moreover, these effects became more pronounced with an increasing CSIL concentration, highlighting the positive impact of CSILs in alleviating high-temperature stress on cotton. Notably, no significant difference in cotton yield was observed between the CSIL treatment at 120 g AI ha⁻¹ and the MT treatment. Thus, this study underscores the significant potential of CSILs in both cotton topping and enhancing resistance to high-temperature stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Regulation and Mechanized Cultivation Technology of Cotton)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 3389 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of New Nano-Released 1,1-Dimethyl-Piperidinium Chloride (DPC) Drip Application on Cotton Agronomic Traits

by Shanwei Lou, Mingwei Du, Fei Gao, Xiaoli Tian, Pengzhong Zhang, Jie Li and Liusheng Duan

Agronomy 2023, 13(6), 1543; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061543 - 02 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1088

Abstract

The use of 1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride (DPC) in Xinjiang is one of the necessary measures for regulating cotton populations and optimizing canopy structure. However, mechanical spraying involves operation and energy consumption, which can alternatively be achieved via drip application. In the present study, to [...] Read more.

The use of 1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride (DPC) in Xinjiang is one of the necessary measures for regulating cotton populations and optimizing canopy structure. However, mechanical spraying involves operation and energy consumption, which can alternatively be achieved via drip application. In the present study, to investigate the effect of drip application, two types of hydrophobic nano-released DPCs were used to regulate plant type at different dosages. DPC dripingation reduced plant height by more than 10 cm and plant width by more than 4 cm, and the effect improved with increasing concentration and times. The main effect of height control was at the 6th–10th nodes of the main stem, and the effect of width control was observed at the 1st and 2nd nodes of the fruit branch. The SPAD value was higher than that in the control group during the initial stages. An irregular downward trend was observed in the subsequent stages. The proline content was higher than that of the control and increased with higher concentrations of DPC. There was no significant difference in the soil DPC content at the different sites. The DPC content decreased by more than 30% at the seventh day after dripping, and the content was 2–4 μg·g⁻¹ in each treatment. At 15 days after application, the soil DPC was lower than 1 μg·g⁻¹ in all treatments. The number of harvested plants was more than 150,000 plants·hm⁻², and the number of bolls per plant increased at least by one, compared with the control. The final yield of seed cotton increased by at least 300 kg·hm⁻², with a maximum increase of 1672.01 kg·hm⁻². Considering the different types of DPCs, nano-released types worked better than the conventional type in terms of plant height, plant width, degradation in soil and boll formation. Nano-released DPC can play an even better role than conventional DPC in chemical regulation with drip irrigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Regulation and Mechanized Cultivation Technology of Cotton)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1807 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Chemical Capping Regulation Mechanism of Cotton Main Stem Growth

by Min Xu, Lulu Jin, Jinglin Li, Liyuan Sun and Zisheng Wang

Agronomy 2023, 13(6), 1467; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061467 - 25 May 2023

Viewed by 957

Abstract

In China, due to labor shortages and increasing labor costs, manual topping is gradually being replaced by chemical capping with mepiquat chloride (DPC). External chemicals can adjust plant growth by affecting endogenous hormones. Based on the hormone changes combined with the development of [...] Read more.

In China, due to labor shortages and increasing labor costs, manual topping is gradually being replaced by chemical capping with mepiquat chloride (DPC). External chemicals can adjust plant growth by affecting endogenous hormones. Based on the hormone changes combined with the development of the main stem of cotton plants, a comparative experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 to determine the regulatory mechanism of the growth of the cotton main stem after chemical capping. In the experiment, two treatment times (T1: 12 July, T2: 18 July) and two treatment agents (CA [chemical capping agent] and DPC) were set, the hormone (auxin IAA, abscisic acid ABA, Gibberellin GA₃ and Zeatin ZR) concentrations at the top of main stem (0–5 and 5–10 cm) were continuously measured and the main stem development situation was observed and recorded. The results showed that after chemical capping, the IAA concentration decreased firstly and increased later, lower than that of CK. ABA concentration increased significantly and GA₃ concentration decreased significantly compared with CK. ZR concentrations fluctuated obviously at T1 and gently at T2. In terms of main stem growth, the plant height, number of fruit branches and average length of upper internode (fifth and above) were decreased compared with CK, while the CA treatment was inhibited more strongly than the DPC treatment. To conclude, chemical capping operation affected the hormone concentration at the plant apex significantly and effectively regulated plant development. In comparison with DPC treatment, CA regulated hormones effectively, which is favorable for conducive reasonable plant shaping. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Regulation and Mechanized Cultivation Technology of Cotton)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 607 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Year-Round Production of Cotton and Wheat or Rapeseed Regulated by Different Nitrogen Rates with Crop Straw Returning

by Youchang Zhang, Hancheng Mei, Zhenghua Yan, Aibing Hu, Simian Wang, Changhui Feng, Kehai Chen, Wei Li, Xianhong Zhang, Panpan Ji and Guozheng Yang

Agronomy 2023, 13(5), 1254; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051254 - 28 Apr 2023

Viewed by 949

Abstract

Double direct seeding of cotton (with wheat or rapeseed) is a new method for cotton-growing regions in the Yangtze River Basin to adapt to the development of mechanization. It would help to reduce manual labor, optimize the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be [...] Read more.

Double direct seeding of cotton (with wheat or rapeseed) is a new method for cotton-growing regions in the Yangtze River Basin to adapt to the development of mechanization. It would help to reduce manual labor, optimize the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be used, reduce the physical and chemical production costs, and improve the benefits of cotton fields. We selected five counties from the major cotton-producing areas of Hubei Province for three consecutive seasons, from winter 2020 to spring 2022. The experimental sites used no tillage with straw returning to the field, double direct seeding, late sowing at high density, and one-time fertilization to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rates on the yield characteristics of cotton, wheat, and rape and calculate the economic benefits of the two cultivation modes under different nitrogen fertilizer input levels through parameters such as land-use efficiency, production efficiency, and profitability. In both cotton–wheat and cotton–rapeseed cropping systems, the number of bolls per plant in cotton was the lowest in the N165 (90 cotton + 75 wheat/rape kg ha⁻¹) treatment. The cotton yield was the highest at N247.5 (135 cotton + 112.5 wheat/rape kg ha⁻¹) in the cotton after the wheat system and N412.5 (225 cotton + 187.5 wheat/rape kg ha⁻¹) in the cotton after the rape system. The yield of wheat and rape increased with the increase in the levels of nitrogen fertilizer, with the N165 treatment showing the lowest values. With an increase in nitrogen fertilizer, the harvest index of wheat first maximized and then started decreasing. The harvest index in wheat was the highest at N247.5 (135 cotton + 112.5 wheat/rape kg ha⁻¹) and N330 (180 cotton + 150 wheat/rape kg ha⁻¹), whereas, in rape, it increased with nitrogen fertilizer application, with the highest value at N495 (270 cotton + 225 wheat/rape kg ha⁻¹). Economically, the expenses and income of both cotton–wheat and cotton–rape systems increased as nitrogen fertilizer increased. The net profit and benefit ratio first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer, with N247.5 (135 cotton + 112.5 wheat/rape kg ha⁻¹) scoring the maximum values for both of these parameters. The land-use efficiency and production efficiency increased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer, and the production efficiency of the N165 (90 cotton + 75 wheat/rape) treatment was significantly lower than that of the other four treatments. The profitability increased first and then decreased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer, with the N247.5 (135 cotton + 112.5 wheat/rape) treatment showing the highest profit. The production cycle of cotton–rape was slightly shorter than that of cotton–wheat, and the system productivity was also lower. The expenses and land-use and production efficiency of the rapeseed system were lower than those of wheat, while the gross income, net profit, and productivity of the cotton–rape system were higher than those of cotton–wheat. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in the cotton–wheat double-cropping system under straw return can achieve the maximum net profit, production ratio, and yield at the low nitrogen level of N247.5, (135 cotton + 112.5 wheat/rape kg ha⁻¹). Due to the price advantage of rape, the net profit, production ratio, and income of the cotton–rape production system are higher than those of the cotton–wheat production system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Regulation and Mechanized Cultivation Technology of Cotton)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 7180 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Spraying with Ethephon and Early Topping on the Growth, Yield, and Earliness of Cotton under Late-Sowing and High-Density Cultivation Modes

by Shuo Wang, Hongchun Sun, Lingxiao Zhu, Ke Zhang, Yongjiang Zhang, Haina Zhang, Jijie Zhu, Xiaoqing Liu, Zhiying Bai, Anchang Li, Liwen Tian, Cundong Li and Liantao Liu

Agronomy 2023, 13(5), 1244; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051244 - 27 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1476

Abstract

Late-sowing and high-density cultivation are typical cotton planting models that are widely applied in the Yellow River Valley of China. The model can easily lead to late maturity and reduced yields. Plant topping and ethephon spraying have been shown to improve cotton earliness [...] Read more.

Late-sowing and high-density cultivation are typical cotton planting models that are widely applied in the Yellow River Valley of China. The model can easily lead to late maturity and reduced yields. Plant topping and ethephon spraying have been shown to improve cotton earliness and yields. However, the optimal topping date and ethephon concentration are yet to be established. A two-year field experiment (2020–2021) was thus conducted to assess the effects of spraying high-concentration ethephon and early topping on the growth, yield, and earliness of cotton under late-sowing and high-density cultivation models. The experiment employed a split-plot design, in which the main plots were sprayed with varying ethephon concentrations (2000 mL/ha, E₂₀₀₀; 4000 mL/ha, E₄₀₀₀; 6000 mL/ha, E₆₀₀₀), while subplots were plant topping dates (T13, 13 July, early-topped; T20, 20 July, suitable-topped; T27, 27 July, late-topped). Higher ethephon concentrations (E₄₀₀₀) increased the earliness of early-topped (T13) plants. Boll-setting and boll-opening rates increased by 12.00% and 16.83% in T13 plants, respectively, relative to T27 plants. However, the shedding rate for T13 plants decreased by 12.00%. Earliness and harvest index (HI) for the T13 plants were higher than those of the T27 plants by 8.01% and 18.91%, respectively. Even though the T13 plant yield decreased slightly, their boll weight increased by 3.99% and 12.27%, respectively, relative to those of the T20 and T27 plants. Earliness increased with increasing ethephon concentration. In conclusion, early topping and higher ethephon concentrations can effectively improve cotton yield and earliness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Regulation and Mechanized Cultivation Technology of Cotton)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3069 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Harvest Aids Applied at Appropriate Time Could Reduce the Damage to Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality

by Qipeng Zhang, Yuanyuan Sun, Dan Luo, Peisong Li, Taofen Liu, Dao Xiang, Yali Zhang, Mingfeng Yang, Ling Gou, Jingshan Tian and Wangfeng Zhang

Agronomy 2023, 13(3), 664; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030664 - 24 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 985

Abstract

The application of harvest aids is an important prerequisite for the mechanical harvesting of cotton that can effectively reduce the impurity content and improve the picking rate and operating efficiency of machine-picked cotton. However, determining the appropriate spraying time of harvest aids to [...] Read more.

The application of harvest aids is an important prerequisite for the mechanical harvesting of cotton that can effectively reduce the impurity content and improve the picking rate and operating efficiency of machine-picked cotton. However, determining the appropriate spraying time of harvest aids to achieve the synergistic improvement of cotton boll weight and fiber quality is still unclear. In this study, the damage of harvest aids to cotton boll weight and fiber quality as well as its quantitative relationship to cotton boll age were studied through testing different harvest aid compounds and spraying times. The spraying of harvest aids significantly shortened the boll growth period of cotton by 3.60–6.45 d, and concentrated boll opening was beneficial to cotton mechanical harvesting. The boll weight of immature cotton was significantly decreased by 0.63–1.12 g; the fiber strength was significantly decreased by 2.48–2.77 cN·tex⁻¹, and the micronaire value deteriorated. The negative effect on the boll weight and fiber quality was aggravated by the decrease in the ratio of boll age to boll period (R_d/b) during the harvest aid spraying time. When the fiber strength damage was controlled at 1%, the spraying time R_d/b of the harvest aids was 0.77–0.82, and the boll weight loss was also controlled at 5%. Therefore, it is recommended that an R_d/b of 0.77–0.82 be used to balance the contradiction between cotton yield and fiber quality under harvest aid application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Regulation and Mechanized Cultivation Technology of Cotton)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 783 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Growth Regulator and Planting Density on Cotton Yield and N, P, and K Accumulation in Direct-Seeded Cotton

by Tianran Hu, Zhenyu Liu, Dian Jin, Yuan Chen, Xiang Zhang and Dehua Chen

Agronomy 2023, 13(2), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020501 - 09 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1200

Abstract

[Objective] This study aims to analyze the effects of the plant growth regulator Miantaijin (N,N-dimethyl piperidinium chloride and 2-N,N-diethylaminoethyl caproate) and planting density on yield and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) uptake and accumulation in cotton. The results will clarify the [...] Read more.

[Objective] This study aims to analyze the effects of the plant growth regulator Miantaijin (N,N-dimethyl piperidinium chloride and 2-N,N-diethylaminoethyl caproate) and planting density on yield and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) uptake and accumulation in cotton. The results will clarify the high-yield cultivation techniques in the cotton direct seeding after wheat harvesting cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin. [Method] In 2017 and 2018, the cotton cultivar Guoxinzao 11-1 was planted at 3 densities (75,000, 90,000, and 105,000 plants·ha⁻¹), and 3 Miantaijin doses (0, 1170, and 2340 mL·ha⁻¹) were imposed. [Results] The results show that the highest yield (3551.3–3687.5 kg·ha⁻¹) was achieved with a 90,000 and 105,000 plant·ha⁻¹ density and 1170 mL·ha⁻¹ of Miantaijin (seedling stage: 90 mL·ha⁻¹, peak squaring stage: 180 mL·ha⁻¹, peak flowering stage: 360 mL·ha⁻¹, and peak bolling stage: 540 mL·ha⁻¹). Under these conditions, the uptakes of N, P, and K were also the highest, up to 117.8 kg·ha⁻¹, 77.4 kg·ha⁻¹, and 116.4 kg·ha⁻¹, respectively. N uptake was the highest from the peak flowering to peak squaring stage, while the highest uptakes of P and K were both detected from the peak squaring to peak flowering stages. We also found significant linear positive correlations between yield and the total absorptions and accumulations of N, P, and K, especially during the peak flowering–peak bolling stage. [Conclusions] The optimum dose of Miantaijin with a medium and high density could enhance the absorption of N, P, and K during the whole growth period of the cotton population, especially in the peak flowering–boll opening stage. This resulted in the highest yield of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvesting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Regulation and Mechanized Cultivation Technology of Cotton)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 4626 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Chemical Topping with Mepiquat Chloride at Flowering Does Not Compromise the Maturity or Yield of Cotton

by Haikun Qi, Chenyu Xiao, Wenchao Zhao, Dongyong Xu, Anthony Egrinya Eneji, Zhengying Lu, Rongrong Shao, Guifeng Wang, Mingwei Du, Xiaoli Tian and Zhaohu Li

Agronomy 2023, 13(2), 497; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020497 - 09 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1388

Abstract

The balance between vegetative and reproductive growth is the central objective in the cotton production system, which is associated with cotton maturity and yield. In China, manual topping (MT) has been performed many years prior to or during the flowering period to inhibit [...] Read more.

The balance between vegetative and reproductive growth is the central objective in the cotton production system, which is associated with cotton maturity and yield. In China, manual topping (MT) has been performed many years prior to or during the flowering period to inhibit vegetative growth and enhance reproductive growth. MT is gradually being replaced by chemical topping (CT) with mepiquat chloride (MC, 180 g ha⁻¹, 98% soluble powder) due to labor shortages and increasing labor cost. To determine whether CT influences cotton maturity and yield relative to MT, we carried out field experiments at four locations in the Yellow River Valley of China during 2018–2020. The results showed that CT did not alter the boll age, and although it produced taller and slender spatial boll distribution under several environments, it had little effect on the accumulation of boll fraction (the number of bolls in a given period divided by total boll number) over time at the end of blooming across locations. As a result, there were no significant differences between MT and CT in boll opening percentage in the late season. CT did not influence yield or yield components, except under severe drought. Therefore, CT with MC (180 g/ha, 98% soluble powder) during the flowering period will not compromise the maturity or yield of cotton in the Yellow River Valley of China. Similar outcomes would be achieved in other areas with similar ecological conditions and social conditions that require an alternative to extensive manual labor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Regulation and Mechanized Cultivation Technology of Cotton)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

17 pages, 2051 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Cotton-Based Rotation, Intercropping, and Alternate Intercropping Increase Yields by Improving Root–Shoot Relations

by Qingqing Lv, Baojie Chi, Ning He, Dongmei Zhang, Jianlong Dai, Yongjiang Zhang and Hezhong Dong

Agronomy 2023, 13(2), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020413 - 30 Jan 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5593

Abstract

Crop rotation and intercropping are important ways to increase agricultural resource utilization efficiency and crop productivity. Alternate intercropping, or transposition intercropping, is a new intercropping pattern in which two crops are intercropped in a wide strip with planting positions switched annually on the [...] Read more.

Crop rotation and intercropping are important ways to increase agricultural resource utilization efficiency and crop productivity. Alternate intercropping, or transposition intercropping, is a new intercropping pattern in which two crops are intercropped in a wide strip with planting positions switched annually on the same land. Transposition intercropping combines intercropping and rotation and thus performs better than either practice alone. Compared with traditional intercropping or rotation, it can increase yield and net return by 17–21% and 10–23%, respectively, and the land equivalent ratio (LER) by 20% to 30%. In crop growth and development, a balanced root–shoot relation is essential to obtain satisfactory yields and yield quality. Intercropping, rotation, or the combination can alter the original root–shoot relation by changing the ecology and physiology of both root and shoot to achieve a rebalancing of the relation. The crop yield and yield quality are thus regulated by the root–shoot interactions and the resulting rebalancing. The review examines the effects of above- and belowground interactions and rebalancing of root–shoot relations on crop yields under cotton-based intercropping, rotation, and particularly alternate intercropping with the practices combined. The importance of signaling in regulating the rebalancing of root–shoot relations under intercropping, rotation, and the combination was also explored as a possible focus of future research on intercropping and rotation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Regulation and Mechanized Cultivation Technology of Cotton)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

17 pages, 833 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

The Correlation of Machine-Picked Cotton Defoliant in Different Gossypium hirsutum Varieties

by Junduo Wang, Zeliang Zhang, Nala Zhang, Yajun Liang, Zhaolong Gong, Junhao Wang, Allah Ditta, Zhiwei Sang, Xueyuan Li and Juyun Zheng

Agronomy 2023, 13(8), 2151; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082151 - 16 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 864

Abstract

Cotton mechanized harvesting is the development direction of cotton production. The rapid development of mechanized cotton harvesting in Xinjiang has significantly increased the efficiency of cotton harvesting and reduced the harvesting cost. However, in the rapid development of mechanized cotton harvesting, there are [...] Read more.

Cotton mechanized harvesting is the development direction of cotton production. The rapid development of mechanized cotton harvesting in Xinjiang has significantly increased the efficiency of cotton harvesting and reduced the harvesting cost. However, in the rapid development of mechanized cotton harvesting, there are also the problems of net yield, recovery rate and poor harvesting quality, which lead to the poor quality competitiveness of mechanized cotton harvesting. In order to solve the problem of mechanized cotton loss, the key is to reduce the problem of cotton miscellaneous, and breed cotton varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting. The purpose of this study was to clarify the key trait correlation of defoliation through the establishment and association analysis of foliation and deciduous phenotype indicators in cotton. In this study, the phenotypic indexes of defoliation and deciduous traits were established through the comprehensive analysis of the defoliation rate of 273 cotton germplasm resources and other 11 related phenotypic traits in the field, in order to provide guidance for the breeding and production of cotton varieties collected by breeders. In addition to peeling rate, an analysis of the association between 11 agronomic parameters and peeling rate and hanging rate revealed that the number of effective branches, chlorophyll SPAD value, fruit branch angle, and hanging rate have substantial correlation in 3 years. Hence The hanging rate, fruit branch angle, effective branch number, and chlorophyll SPAD value can be used as the evaluation indicators of varieties for peeling ability trait index. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Regulation and Mechanized Cultivation Technology of Cotton)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Chemical Regulation and Mechanized Cultivation Technology of Cotton

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (10 papers)

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI