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Agriculture
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Bioactive Compounds in Fruits
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Bioactive Compounds in Fruits

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Agricultural Product Quality and Safety".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2021) | Viewed by 15355

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Franc Štampar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: pomology; fruit plant physiology; mineral nutrition; orchard design; fruit quality; plant metabolites
Prof. Dr. Robert Veberič

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: general fruit growing; bioactive compounds in horticultural plants; pomology; temperate fruit species

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioactive compounds represent an important part of plant metabolism with numerous ecological functions, which help the plant to survive in different environments. They can have a huge impact on fruit quality, and consequently on human health.

Fruits are one of the most important components of the human diet, as they contain important metabolites. Production technologies and environmental conditions can affect the content and composition of the bioactive compounds in fruits. The challenge is to produce fruit with high nutritional value on a sustainable basis.

The Special Issue will publish research focused on numerous aspects of fruit plants.

The research may contain the monitoring of plant response to stress and production technologies at different levels (gene expression, enzyme activity, levels of primary/secondary metabolites), and consequently the evaluation of the physiological response of tissues, organs, or the entire plant. In addition, papers can monitor the interaction between plant-pathogenic organisms or plant-beneficial organisms and the plant biosynthetic response.

Papers covering fruit in different areas of horticulture are invited. The aim of the Special Issue is not only to provide a descriptive collection of metabolites present in different fruits, but rather to aid in the synthesis of all the above-mentioned processes, which may be equally useful for producers and consumers.

Prof. Dr. Franc Štampar
Prof. Dr. Robert Veberič
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agriculture is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant secondary metabolites
  • plant stress
  • environment
  • production technologies
  • horticulture
  • fruit physiology

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1093 KiB  
Article
Effect of Spring Frost Damage on Apple Fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) Inner Quality at Harvest
by Anka Cebulj, Maja Mikulič-Petkovšek, Robert Veberič and Jerneja Jakopic
Agriculture 2022, 12(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12010014 - 23 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3853
Abstract
In the last few years, spring frosts have become more of a rule than an exception. There are several prevention measures available for growers and numerous are being tested; however, fruitlets are often affected to some extent. One of the more common phenomena [...] Read more.
In the last few years, spring frosts have become more of a rule than an exception. There are several prevention measures available for growers and numerous are being tested; however, fruitlets are often affected to some extent. One of the more common phenomena is the development of frost rings. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the occurrence of frost rings affects sugar, organic acid, and phenol content in the flesh and phenol content in the peel of cv. ‘Gala’ apples. The results show that the frost damage from spring frost affects compounds in the peel, as well as in the flesh of ripe apples. The flesh of fruits with frost rings contained higher content of fructose and in the flesh directly under the rings there was higher sorbitol and malic acid content. Additionally, the hydroxycinnamic acid and dihydrochalcone content in apple flesh was also altered by frost. The frost-affected peel had a completely different ratio of phenolic compounds content in comparison to healthy apples. While there was a significantly higher content of hydroxycinnamic acids and dihydrochalcones in the corky peel in comparison to the unaffected peel, the flavonol and anthocyanin content was considerably lower. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in Fruits)
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11 pages, 1158 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) under Ridge and Pot Production
by Tina Smrke, Robert Veberic, Metka Hudina, Domen Stamic and Jerneja Jakopic
Agriculture 2021, 11(10), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100929 - 27 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1917
Abstract
Due to the specific requirements for low soil pH, new production methods are being introduced for highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Planting in pots has gained popularity in recent years due to the easier control of the substrate pH. This study was [...] Read more.
Due to the specific requirements for low soil pH, new production methods are being introduced for highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Planting in pots has gained popularity in recent years due to the easier control of the substrate pH. This study was carried out on 2-year-old ‘Duke’, ‘Aurora’ and ‘Brigitta’ cultivar blueberry plants that were planted along a ridge or in pots. The substrate temperature reached higher values for the pots, while the substrate water content was higher for the ridge. In the ‘Duke’ and ‘Aurora’ plants, significantly higher sugar/organic acid ratios were obtained for fruit from the ridge. However, significantly higher fruit total phenolics content, greater plant volumes and lower yields per plant were obtained for ‘Aurora’ as potted plants compared to the ridge. The ‘Brigitta’ fruit harvested from potted plants had significantly higher total organic acid content; however, no significant difference was seen for the sugar/organic acid ratio between the conditions. This study is the first to compare the responses of different highbush blueberry cultivars in terms of production on a ridge and in pots, and the impact on the substrate microclimatic conditions, plant volume and fruit yield and primary and secondary metabolites content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in Fruits)
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14 pages, 907 KiB  
Article
The Use of Olive Leaves in Buža Olive Cultivar Oil Production: Exploring the Impact on Oil Yield and Chemical Composition
by Anja Novoselić, Dora Klisović, Igor Lukić, Marina Lukić and Karolina Brkić Bubola
Agriculture 2021, 11(10), 917; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100917 - 24 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3197
Abstract
The effect of the addition of different amounts of olive leaf (1, 2.5, and 5%, m/m) during Buža olive cv. oil production on the quantitative production parameters, composition, and sensory characteristics of the obtained oils were investigated in this study. The addition of [...] Read more.
The effect of the addition of different amounts of olive leaf (1, 2.5, and 5%, m/m) during Buža olive cv. oil production on the quantitative production parameters, composition, and sensory characteristics of the obtained oils were investigated in this study. The addition of leaf during oil extraction increased oil yield and extractability index by 97% compared to the control oil. The addition of leaf during extraction increased the concentration of pigments in oils, and the oil positive sensory attributes intensities, such as fruitiness and green grass/leaf notes. The influence on oil phenolic composition was dependent on the amount of leaf added. When 1% leaf was added, most of the phenolic compounds were preserved, while the addition of leaf at 5% decreased the concentration of the majority of phenols, especially secoiridoids by 45% compared to the control oil. The addition of leaf slightly increased the concentration of fatty acid ethyl esters and waxes in the oils. The obtained results indicate that particular importance should be given to the amount of olive leaf present in olive paste during oil extraction, since it apparently can increase the extractability of oil, but can also have negative effects on phenolic composition when added in excess. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in Fruits)
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15 pages, 3244 KiB  
Article
The Yield, Fruit Quality and Some of Nutraceutical Characteristics of Saskatoon Berries (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) in the Conditions of Eastern Poland
by Ewa Szpadzik and Tomasz Krupa
Agriculture 2021, 11(9), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090824 - 29 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2290
Abstract
The Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) is a prospective and increasingly popular species in Poland. Its main attributes are extremely valuable fruits, rich in anthocyanins with high antioxidant activity, which are very valuable in processing. Studies aimed at comparing the suitability for [...] Read more.
The Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) is a prospective and increasingly popular species in Poland. Its main attributes are extremely valuable fruits, rich in anthocyanins with high antioxidant activity, which are very valuable in processing. Studies aimed at comparing the suitability for cultivation under the climatic and soil conditions of east Poland of the three Canadian cultivars of Saskatoon berry (‘Honeywood’, ‘Martin’ and ‘Pembina’), were conducted at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences in 2017–2018. The study evaluated parameters such as yield and fruit quality, as well as the health-promoting value of the fruit. These studies revealed significant differences between the studied cultivars, both in yield and in fruit physicochemical properties, i.e., fruit mass and diameter, firmness, and soluble solids content, as well as in terms of the content of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. These differences were also found between years, which may indicate that the content of the abovementioned compounds is also influenced by annual climatic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in Fruits)
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13 pages, 741 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Activity of Elderberry Fruits during Maturation
by Nataša Imenšek, Janja Kristl, Tadeja Kraner Šumenjak and Anton Ivančič
Agriculture 2021, 11(6), 555; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060555 - 17 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2807
Abstract
Antioxidant activity (AOA) in fruits of Sambucus nigra and several new elderberry interspecific hybrids involving S. javanica (JA), S. nigra subsp. nigra (NI), S. nigra subsp. nigra ‘Black Beauty’ (BB), S. nigra subsp. cerulea (CER) and S. racemosa (S. racemosa subsp. racemosa [...] Read more.
Antioxidant activity (AOA) in fruits of Sambucus nigra and several new elderberry interspecific hybrids involving S. javanica (JA), S. nigra subsp. nigra (NI), S. nigra subsp. nigra ‘Black Beauty’ (BB), S. nigra subsp. cerulea (CER) and S. racemosa (S. racemosa subsp. racemosa (RAC), S. racemosa subsp. racemosa var. miquelii (MIQ), S. racemosa subsp. tigranii (TIG), S. racemosa subsp. kamtschatica—coreana (KOR) at five maturity stages were investigated by applying DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and ORAC (oxygen radical absorption capacity) assays. The aim of the study was to compare different assays for estimating AOA in elderberries, to plan the appropriate harvest time and to determine whether the most promising genotypes could be predicted in advance. All assays used showed that AOA increased significantly during maturation. All assays were significantly correlated with each other and could be reliably used for the AOA determination of elderberries. In fully mature berries, significant correlations were also found between total phenolic (TP) content and AOA by all assays, but no significant correlations were found between total ascorbic acid (TAA) content and AOA by all assays. At the fully mature stage, (the most appropriate stage for harvesting), berries of (JA × NI) × BB and (JA × NI) × MIQ were found to be superior in AOA and TP content. Genotypes with higher/lower AOA and TP content could not be predicted in advance, while TAA showed the opposite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in Fruits)
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