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Adolescents
Special Issues
Inequality in Adolescence
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Inequality in Adolescence

A special issue of Adolescents (ISSN 2673-7051).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2021) | Viewed by 12226

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Arsaell Arnarsson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Education, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
Interests: adolescents; health and well-being; stress; inequality; life satisfaction; bullying

Special Issue Information

Evidence gathered over the last few decades shows that disadvantaged social circumstances are associated with increased health risks and declining wellbeing in adolescents. Young people are often neglected as a population group in health statistics, being either aggregated with younger children or with young adults. Less attention has been paid to inequalities related to socioeconomic status, age, and gender among this group. Health experience during the adolescent period has short- and long-term implications for individuals and society. Within a life-course approach, adolescence is critical in determining adult behavior in relation to issues such as tobacco and alcohol use, dietary behavior, and physical activity. Health inequalities in adult life are partly determined by early life circumstances.

Attempts to address health inequalities must include examination of differences in health status and their causes.

Papers addressing these topics are invited for this Special Issue, especially those that have a strong methodological rigor or a policy focus.

Prof. Dr. Arsaell Arnarsson
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Adolescents is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adolescents
  • social inequality
  • health-risk
  • wellbeing

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 314 KiB  
Article
Perceptions of Gender Equality among Icelandic Year 10 Adolescents: Population Studies 1992, 2006, and 2014
by Einar Baldvin Thorsteinsson, Andrea Sigrún Hjálmsdóttir and Thoroddur Bjarnason
Adolescents 2021, 1(3), 294-305; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents1030022 - 19 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4179
Abstract
The aim of this research is to outline, for the first time, the changes in attitudes towards gender equality among 10th graders in Iceland based on data obtained from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) in 1992, 2006, and 2014. The sampling [...] Read more.
The aim of this research is to outline, for the first time, the changes in attitudes towards gender equality among 10th graders in Iceland based on data obtained from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) in 1992, 2006, and 2014. The sampling proportions were high (85.1% in 1992, 43.2% in 2006, and 77.9% in 2014), thereby reflecting parameters (population values) rather than statistics (sample values). Boys and girls are viewing gender roles as being more equal with time, while, concurrently, girls tend to have more gender-equal attitudes than boys. The present paper provides an unparalleled examination of changes in attitudes towards gender equality. After a backlash in adolescents’ attitudes, revealed in the 2006 study, there are positive signs of more gender-equal attitudes in the 2014 results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inequality in Adolescence)
15 pages, 943 KiB  
Article
Ethnic Identity, Implicit Associations, and Academic Motivation of Hispanic Adolescents
by Tim Urdan and Daniel Teramoto
Adolescents 2021, 1(3), 252-266; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents1030019 - 06 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3467
Abstract
One of the major tasks of adolescence is to integrate the different aspects of identity into a coherent sense of self. Prior research has found that under certain circumstances, students who identify as members of groups about which there are negative stereotypes can [...] Read more.
One of the major tasks of adolescence is to integrate the different aspects of identity into a coherent sense of self. Prior research has found that under certain circumstances, students who identify as members of groups about which there are negative stereotypes can experience a disassociation between their academic identity (i.e., academic self-concept) and the aspect of their identity that is negatively stereotyped (i.e., their ethnic or gender identity). In this study, we examined the association between ethnic identity, academic self-concept, valuing of school, and feelings of belonging among a sample of Hispanic high school students attending a majority-Hispanic high school. In addition, we used an Implicit Associations Test (IAT) to assess their implicit associations between success and ethnic group (Hispanic or white). Results indicated that centrality of ethnic identity was positively correlated with academic self-concept and the regard dimension of ethnic identity was associated with feelings of belonging. The IAT indicated that Hispanic students had implicitly associated success more with being white than with being Hispanic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inequality in Adolescence)
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25 pages, 2591 KiB  
Article
Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Cerebellum Cortex Fractional Anisotropy in Pre-Adolescents
by Shervin Assari and Shanika Boyce
Adolescents 2021, 1(2), 70-94; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents1020007 - 31 Mar 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3559
Abstract
Introduction: Cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy is a proxy of the integrity of the cerebellum cortex. However, less is known about how it is shaped by race and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as parental education and household income. Purpose: In a national sample [...] Read more.
Introduction: Cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy is a proxy of the integrity of the cerebellum cortex. However, less is known about how it is shaped by race and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as parental education and household income. Purpose: In a national sample of American pre-adolescents, this study had two aims: to test the effects of two SES indicators, namely parental education and household income, on cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy, and to explore racial differences in these effects. Methods: Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we analyzed the diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) data of 9565, 9–10-year-old pre-adolescents. The main outcomes were cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy separately calculated for right and left hemispheres using dMRI. The independent variables were parental education and household income; both treated as categorical variables. Age, sex, ethnicity, and family marital status were the covariates. Race was the moderator. To analyze the data, we used mixed-effects regression models without and with interaction terms. We controlled for propensity score and MRI device. Results: High parental education and household income were associated with lower right and left cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy. In the pooled sample, we found significant interactions between race and parental education and household income, suggesting that the effects of parental education and household income on the right and left cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy are all significantly larger for White than for Black pre-adolescents. Conclusions: The effects of SES indicators, namely parental education and household income, on pre-adolescents’ cerebellum cortex microstructure and integrity are weaker in Black than in White families. This finding is in line with the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs), defined as weaker effects of SES indicators for Blacks and other racial and minority groups than for Whites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inequality in Adolescence)
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