Vision

9 pages, 2508 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Use of Corneoscleral Grafts to Maintain Tectonic Stability in Severe Keratolysis

by Lennart M. Hartmann, Hans-Juergen Buchwald, Carolin Elhardt, Efstathios Vounotrypidis, Armin Wolf and Christian M. Wertheimer

Vision 2023, 7(3), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030062 - 21 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1084

Abstract

Severe corneal ulcerations, causing major keratolysis with large perforation of the cornea or extending to the limbal region, are an ophthalmic emergency. In these cases, a larger corneoscleral graft can be transplanted to restore tectonic integrity, alleviate pain, save vision, and prevent loss [...] Read more.

Severe corneal ulcerations, causing major keratolysis with large perforation of the cornea or extending to the limbal region, are an ophthalmic emergency. In these cases, a larger corneoscleral graft can be transplanted to restore tectonic integrity, alleviate pain, save vision, and prevent loss of the eye. Chart review of 34 patients with a corneoscleral graft ≥9.5 mm was conducted. Primary endpoints of the study were tectonic stability defined as no need for another keratoplasty or enucleation. In addition, visual acuity, postoperative complications, and secondary procedures were analyzed. In total, 12 patients (35%) were female. The mean age at transplantation was 65 ± 19 years. The underlying disease was a perforated infectious corneal ulcer in 30 cases (88%). Mean follow up was 675 ± 789 days. Tectonic stability at the end of the follow-up was maintained with a probability of 56% in a Kaplan–Meier analysis. Another penetrating keratoplasty was necessary in six cases (17%) and enucleation in five cases (15%). A corneoscleral transplant remains a viable treatment option to prevent enucleation in severe keratolysis. In our study, this was possible in about half of the cases. Postoperative complications, secondary surgeries, and markedly reduced visual acuity put the advantages into perspective. Full article

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19 pages, 5033 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Illusory Motion in Stationary Stimuli Alters Their Perceived Duration

by Giulio Contemori, Giulia Meneghini and Luca Battaglini

Vision 2023, 7(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030061 - 18 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1185

Abstract

Despite having equal duration, stimuli in physical motion are perceived to last longer than static ones. Here, we investigate whether illusory motion stimuli produce a time-dilation effect similar to physical motion. Participants performed a duration discrimination task that compared the perceived duration of [...] Read more.

Despite having equal duration, stimuli in physical motion are perceived to last longer than static ones. Here, we investigate whether illusory motion stimuli produce a time-dilation effect similar to physical motion. Participants performed a duration discrimination task that compared the perceived duration of static stimuli with and without illusory motion to a reference stimulus. In the first experiment, we observed a 4% increase in the number of “longer” responses for the illusory motion images than static stimuli with equal duration. The time-dilation effect, quantified as a shift in the Point of Subjective Equality (PSE), was approximately 55 ms for a 2-second stimulus. Although small, the effect was replicated in a second experiment in which the total number of standard-duration repetitions was reduced from 73 to 19. In the third experiment, we found a positive linear trend between the strength of the illusory motion and the magnitude of the time-dilation effect. These results demonstrate that, similar to physical motion stimuli, illusory motion stimuli are perceived to last longer than static stimuli. Furthermore, the strength of the illusion influences the extent of the lengthening of perceived duration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Visual Neuroscience)

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9 pages, 280 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vision Impairments in Young Adults with Down Syndrome

by Yolanda Martin-Perez, Guadalupe Gonzalez-Montero, Angel L. Gutierrez-Hernandez, Vanesa Blázquez-Sánchez and Celia Sánchez-Ramos

Vision 2023, 7(3), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030060 - 10 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1003

Abstract

People with Down syndrome have more visual problems than the general population. They experience premature ageing, and they are expected to also have an acceleration in worsening visual function. A prospective observational study which includes visual acuity, refractive error, accommodation, binocular and colour [...] Read more.

People with Down syndrome have more visual problems than the general population. They experience premature ageing, and they are expected to also have an acceleration in worsening visual function. A prospective observational study which includes visual acuity, refractive error, accommodation, binocular and colour vision was performed on young adults with (n = 69) and without (n = 65) Down syndrome and on a senior group (n = 55) without Down syndrome. Results showed significant differences in visual acuity between groups (p < 0.001), and it can be improved with a new prescription in 40% of the participants with Down syndrome. Regarding the accommodative state, no significant differences were found between groups of young people. Concerning binocular vision, 64.7% of strabismus was observed in the group with Down syndrome (p < 0.001). Visual abnormalities are significant in young adults with Down syndrome and are different from those of older people without Down syndrome, some of which can be improved by providing the optimal prescription as well as regular eye examinations. Full article

31 pages, 36474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical and Optical Coherence Tomography Evidence of Aqueous Humor Flow from the Suprachoroidal Space to Conjunctival Lymphatics

by Vinod Kumar, Andrey Igorevich Bezzabotnov, Zarina Shaykuliyevna Rustamova, Galina Nikolaevna Dushina, Kamal Abdulmuhsen Abu Zaalan, Ahmad Saleh Soliman Shradqa and Mikhail Aleksandrovich Frolov

Vision 2023, 7(3), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030059 - 05 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1301

Abstract

A surgical technique was developed to enhance aqueous humor (AH) flow through the non-trabecular outflow pathway by rerouting it from the anterior chamber (AC) to the suprachoroidal space (SCS) without detaching the ciliary body from the scleral spur. Medium- and long-term surgical outcomes [...] Read more.

A surgical technique was developed to enhance aqueous humor (AH) flow through the non-trabecular outflow pathway by rerouting it from the anterior chamber (AC) to the suprachoroidal space (SCS) without detaching the ciliary body from the scleral spur. Medium- and long-term surgical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed in a case series of 58 glaucoma patients. At 6, 12, and 24 months, the mean IOP decreased from 27.8 ± 8.3 to 14.9 ± 5.0 mmHg, median 15.0 (25th percentile (p²⁵)13.0; 75th percentile (p⁷⁵) 18.0) and 15.2 ± 3.3 mmHg, and hypotensive medication use reduced from a median (p²⁵; p⁷⁵) of 3 (2; 3) to 0 (0; 2), 0 (0; 2), and 0 (0; 1.5), respectively. Intra- and postoperative complications were few and manageable. Following surgery, no bleb formation occurred in any of the cases (as confirmed by optical coherence tomography). Conjunctival lymphatic vessels (CLVs) developed in 50% of eyes (29/58). Clinically, they developed directly from sclera and had no connection to the surgical site. Analysis further showed that the development of CLVs and their longer visibility period had poor prognostic value for IOP control. If the fluid flow from the SCS to CLVs was resistance-free, no CLV development was evident. However, if any resistance existed in the flow, the fluid accumulated in lymphatics, resulting in their engorgement. The proposed technique was safe and effective in decreasing IOP in glaucoma patients by enhancing AH flow from the SCS to CLVs via connecting intrascleral microchannels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Glaucoma: Diagnosis and Treatment)

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24 pages, 975 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Exploratory Assessment of Self-Reported Satisfaction with Infrastructure and Out-of-Home Activities for People with Vision Impairments

by Mohammad M. Hamed and Maisaa A. Masoud

Vision 2023, 7(3), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030058 - 02 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1215

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the satisfaction levels of people with VI with regard to infrastructure and outdoor activities. Furthermore, this study aims to develop an assessment model for the levels of difficulty in using public transport. Methods: Participants [...] Read more.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the satisfaction levels of people with VI with regard to infrastructure and outdoor activities. Furthermore, this study aims to develop an assessment model for the levels of difficulty in using public transport. Methods: Participants in a standardized survey questionnaire included 74 participants with VI. Three assessment-ordered probit models were estimated based on self-reported responses. Results: Estimation results revealed that the use of public transport is extremely difficult for 83.47% of older participants. In addition, 84.2% of people with albinism have extreme difficulty using public transport. Furthermore, 53.98% of people with restricted horizontal and vertical fields face extreme difficulty using public transport. There was dissatisfaction with outdoor activities among 97.40% of people with macular disease. The results show that 51.70% of people with normal or near-normal horizontal visual fields and restricted vertical planes are satisfied with their level of outdoor activity while 72.65% of people with retinal diseases expressed dissatisfaction with the existing infrastructure. Conclusion: This study revealed that the experiences of people with VI are heterogeneous and depend on their eye condition, access to assistive technology, and socioeconomic characteristics. Results clearly show evidence of heterogeneity among individuals with VI. The combination of horizontal and vertical restrictions yields random parameters, underscoring the heterogeneous experiences of people with VI, influenced by their eye condition and access to assistive devices. Our results have important implications for developing targeted interventions to enhance the mobility of people with VI. Full article

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26 pages, 342 KiB

Open AccessReview

Studies of Vision in Cricket—A Narrative Review

by Jennifer Swingle Fogt and Nick Fogt

Vision 2023, 7(3), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030057 - 28 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1625

Abstract

Vision is thought to play a substantial role in hitting and fielding in cricket. An understanding of which visual skills contribute during cricket play could inform future clinical training trials. This paper reviews what has been reported thus far regarding the relationship of [...] Read more.

Vision is thought to play a substantial role in hitting and fielding in cricket. An understanding of which visual skills contribute during cricket play could inform future clinical training trials. This paper reviews what has been reported thus far regarding the relationship of visual skills to cricket performance and reviews the results of clinical trials in which the impact of visual skills training on cricket performance has been addressed. Fundamental or low-level visual skills, with the exception of color vision and perhaps near stereopsis and dynamic visual acuity, are similar between cricket players and the general population. Simple reaction time has been found to be shorter in cricket players in some but not all studies. While there is mixed or no evidence that the aforementioned visual skills are superior in cricket players compared to non-players, comparisons of eye and head movements and gaze tracking have revealed consistent differences between elite cricket batters and sub-elite batters. Future training studies could examine whether teaching sub-elite batters to emulate the gaze tracking patterns of elite batters is beneficial for batting. Lastly, clinical trials in which visual skills of cricket players have been trained have in many cases resulted in positive effects on visual skills, or judgments required in cricket, or cricket play. However, clinical trials with larger and more diverse groups of participants and correlations to on-field metrics and on-field performance (i.e., domain-specific assessments) are necessary before conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of vision training. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eye and Head Movements in Visuomotor Tasks)

12 pages, 1922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Visual Cognition and the Science of Magic

by Geoff G. Cole and Abbie C. Millett

Vision 2023, 7(3), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030056 - 23 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1288

Abstract

A number of authors have argued that the art of conjuring can assist the development of theories and knowledge in visual cognition and psychology more broadly. A central assumption of the so-called science of magic is that magicians possess particular insight into human [...] Read more.

A number of authors have argued that the art of conjuring can assist the development of theories and knowledge in visual cognition and psychology more broadly. A central assumption of the so-called science of magic is that magicians possess particular insight into human cognition. In a series of experiments, we tested the Insight hypothesis by assessing three factors that magicians argue are important for a popular illusion. Participants viewed videos of a magician performing the French Drop sleight whilst gaze, motion, and muscular tension were manipulated across experiments. Contrary to what the community of conjurers state, results showed that none of these influenced the perceived success of the effect. We also found that a visual priming technique, one suggested of many and used by an eminent magician, does not influence participant responses. Overall, these findings fail to support the Insight hypothesis. We suggest that scientists of magic have erroneously imbued magicians with insights they do not possess. Full article

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17 pages, 2200 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Prior Viewing Position and Spatial Scale on the Viewing of Paintings

by Tobiasz Trawiński, Natalie Mestry and Nick Donnelly

Vision 2023, 7(3), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030055 - 22 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1128

Abstract

The visual inspection of scenes is disrupted when participants are forced to begin inspection away from the centre of an image. The present study explored the effect of the starting point on the visual inspection of paintings. Eye movements were recorded while participants [...] Read more.

The visual inspection of scenes is disrupted when participants are forced to begin inspection away from the centre of an image. The present study explored the effect of the starting point on the visual inspection of paintings. Eye movements were recorded while participants viewed paintings for later identification in a yes/no discrimination task. The viewing of each painting was preceded by the presentation of a pseudo-randomly positioned Navon figure. Participants were instructed using a cue to attend to either the local or global level of the Navon figure. Each painting was split into regions of interest (ROIs) defined by face, theme, and context to allow the analysis of eye movements. These data were directly compared with a subset of those initially reported in our previous study in which the same experiment was run but without the inclusion of the Navon figure. The inclusion of the Navon task lowered the discrimination accuracy in the yes/no discrimination task. More importantly, eye movements to the paintings were disrupted across the entire period over which they were viewed and not just in the period following the offset of the Navon figure. The results show the sensitivity of eye movements to the conditions present at the beginning of viewing. The results have implications for the viewing of paintings (and other images) in the real world, where the starting conditions for inspection cannot be controlled. Full article

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18 pages, 735 KiB

Open AccessReview

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery: A Review of the Literature

by Michael Balas and David J. Mathew

Vision 2023, 7(3), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030054 - 21 Aug 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3140

Abstract

Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has emerged as a novel approach in the glaucoma treatment spectrum, offering a range of diverse procedures and devices aimed at reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). MIGS can be broadly classified into several categories: those that enhance trabecular outflow [...] Read more.

Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has emerged as a novel approach in the glaucoma treatment spectrum, offering a range of diverse procedures and devices aimed at reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). MIGS can be broadly classified into several categories: those that enhance trabecular outflow (Trabectome, iStent, Hydrus Microstent, Kahook Dual Blade, high frequency deep sclerotomy, and gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy), those that augment suprachoroidal outflow (CyPass Microstent and iStent Supra), those that target Schlemm’s canal (TRAB360 and the OMNI Surgical System, Streamline, and Ab Interno Canaloplasty), and conjunctival bleb-forming procedures (EX-PRESS Glaucoma Filtration Device, Xen Gel Stent and PreserFlo MicroShunt). MIGS is considered to have a shorter surgical time and fewer severe complications when compared to traditional glaucoma surgeries such as trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage device implantation (Ahmed, Baerveldt, and Molteno valves). This literature review comprehensively examines the distinct MIGS devices and procedures, their underlying mechanisms, and clinical outcomes, emphasizing the importance of evaluating the efficacy and complications of each approach individually. As the field of MIGS continues to evolve, it is crucial to prioritize high-quality, long-term studies to better understand the safety and effectiveness of these innovative interventions in glaucoma management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Glaucoma: Diagnosis and Treatment)

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13 pages, 595 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Associated with Utilization of Teleretinal Imaging in a Hospital-Based Primary Care Setting

by Kira J. Szulborski, Selin Gumustop, Claudia C. Lasalle, Kate Hughes, Shiyoung Roh and David J. Ramsey

Vision 2023, 7(3), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030053 - 04 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1224

Abstract

Regular eye examinations to screen for the initial signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are crucial for preventing vision loss. Teleretinal imaging (TRI) offered in a primary care setting provides a means to improve adherence to DR screening, particularly for patients who face challenges [...] Read more.

Regular eye examinations to screen for the initial signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are crucial for preventing vision loss. Teleretinal imaging (TRI) offered in a primary care setting provides a means to improve adherence to DR screening, particularly for patients who face challenges in visiting eye care providers regularly. The present study evaluates the utilization of TRI to screen for DR in an outpatient, hospital-based primary care clinic. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) but without DR were eligible for point-of-care screening facilitated by their primary care provider, utilizing a non-mydriatic, handheld fundus camera. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were extracted from the electronic medical record. Patients who underwent TRI were more likely to be male, non-White, and have up-to-date monitoring and treatment measures, including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), microalbumin, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, in accordance with Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) guidelines. Our findings demonstrate that TRI can reduce screening costs compared to a strategy where all patients are referred for in-person eye examinations. A net present value (NPV) analysis indicates that a screening site reaches the break-even point of operation within one year if an average of two patients are screened per workday. Full article

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34 pages, 5205 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Lifetime Expenditure in People with Keratoconus in Saudi Arabia

by Saleha Al-Atawi, Ali Alghamdi and Khaled Alzahrani

Vision 2023, 7(3), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030052 - 03 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1669

Abstract

Aim: This study measured and evaluated the socioeconomic burden of people living with keratoconus in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design, a Keratoconus Economic Burden Questionnaire, and a convenient sample of 89 keratoconus patients (58.4% male) drawn from multiple regions [...] Read more.

Aim: This study measured and evaluated the socioeconomic burden of people living with keratoconus in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design, a Keratoconus Economic Burden Questionnaire, and a convenient sample of 89 keratoconus patients (58.4% male) drawn from multiple regions in Saudi Arabia. It was conducted using online surveys, and the data were analyzed using appropriate quantitative techniques. Results: The mean age and annual income of the participants were 33.24 (SD = 6.82) years and USD 9046.52 (SD = 16,866.48), respectively, with only 37% being employed for wages. Up to 94.4% needed glasses or contact lenses at least once a week, and 73.0% received care from optometrists. The condition forced 45.9% of the respondents to change careers or leisure activities, with a further 51.3% having to take time off work. The mean annual out-of-pocket expenses for buying and maintaining glasses or contact lenses, as well as traveling and accommodation for keratoconus-related treatment were USD 2341.76 (SD = 3053.09), with 48.32 incurring upwards of USD 3240 over the period. The treatment costs increased with disease duration, r(89) = 0.216, p < 0.05. Regression results showed that the existence of comorbid eye disease, changing glasses at least once a year, and wearing either glasses or contact lenses at least once a week individually had statistically significant negative effects on the total annual keratoconus treatment costs, while disease duration, utilization of optometrists, and taking time off had a statistically significant increase on the total cost (p < 0.05). Conclusion: With a prevalence rate of 1 in 375, progressive debilitation, and the lifetime nature of the disease, keratoconus is a critical public health concern in Saudi Arabia. The resulting visual impairment and discomfort, as well as both direct and indirect economic burdens, have considerable impacts on the patient’s quality of life. Full article

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11 pages, 414 KiB

Open AccessReview

Combined Branch Retinal Artery and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Systematic Review

by Antonio Pinna, Angelo Zinellu, Rita Serra, Giacomo Boscia, Lorenza Ronchi and Stefano Dore

Vision 2023, 7(3), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030051 - 28 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1500

Abstract

We performed a systematic review and analyzed the current available data on branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) with simultaneous central retinal vein obstruction (CRVO), a rarely described occurrence. MEDLINE/PubMed and ISI Web of Sciences searches were performed according to MOOSE guidelines. Studies were [...] Read more.

We performed a systematic review and analyzed the current available data on branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) with simultaneous central retinal vein obstruction (CRVO), a rarely described occurrence. MEDLINE/PubMed and ISI Web of Sciences searches were performed according to MOOSE guidelines. Studies were considered eligible if they (1) described patients with simultaneous BRAO + CRVO and (2) had been published in peer-reviewed journals. We initially identified 239 records from databases. Ultimately, only 19 reports met the selection criteria. Twenty-nine patients (15 men, 14 women; mean age 43 ± 15 years) were analyzed. Seventeen (59%) patients presented vascular risk factors. Mean visual acuity at onset and final visual outcome were 20/83 and 20/45, respectively, an insignificant improvement. Vision improved in 48% of cases. A marked heterogeneity in treatment approach was found. Eight (28%) patients received no therapy, whereas for 21 (72%) a large variety of topical and/or systemic drugs was given. In the treated group, mean visual acuity at onset and final visual outcome were 20/90 and 20/44, respectively, a not statistically significant improvement. Results suggest that combined BRAO + CRVO occurs at a younger age than isolated BRAO or CRVO. At present, there is insufficient evidence to support any specific management to improve vision in simultaneous BRAO + CRVO. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinal Microvascular Dysfunction and Related Diseases)

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11 pages, 1806 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cross Sectional Analysis of Impact of Seasonal Changes on Excimer Laser Ablation Performance on Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)

by Shwetabh Verma, Juergen Hesser and Samuel Arba Mosquera

Vision 2023, 7(3), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030050 - 14 Jul 2023

Viewed by 948

Abstract

Seasonal changes and varying degree of corneal hydration has been linked to excimer laser corneal ablation rates. The use of PMMA as a calibration material in refractive lasers is well established. However, PMMA ablation may be equally affected by seasonal variations in temperature [...] Read more.

Seasonal changes and varying degree of corneal hydration has been linked to excimer laser corneal ablation rates. The use of PMMA as a calibration material in refractive lasers is well established. However, PMMA ablation may be equally affected by seasonal variations in temperature and humidity, in turn affecting the calibration process. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of seasonal changes in PMMA performance using SCHWIND AMARIS laser system. PET and PMMA ablations conducted in climate-controlled environment with 826 consecutive AMARIS systems manufactured over 6 years were retrospectively analyzed. Lasers were stratified depending on seasons and months of the year. Metrics like single laser pulse fluence, nominal number of laser pulses, mean performance, standard deviation, and technical performance of system were compared to global average values. Cyclic winter–summer variation was confirmed with seasons winter and summer showing statistically significant variations with respect to global values. Metric technical performance showed deeper PMMA ablation performance in summertime, with maximum seasonal deviation of 6%. Results were consistently confirmed in seasonal as well as monthly analyses. These findings could help minimize variance among laser systems by implementing compensation factors depending on seasons such that laser systems installed worldwide follow the same trend line of variation. Full article

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11 pages, 1152 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health among Patients with Chronic Ocular Conditions

by Soumaya Bouhout, Mélanie Hébert, Weronika Jakubowska, Laurence Jaworski, Ellen E. Freeman and Marie-Josée Aubin

Vision 2023, 7(3), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030049 - 11 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1104

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on the mental and visual health of patients. This cross-sectional, survey-based, multicentric study evaluates the state of mental and visual health among patients with chronic ocular diseases such as glaucoma, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, or [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on the mental and visual health of patients. This cross-sectional, survey-based, multicentric study evaluates the state of mental and visual health among patients with chronic ocular diseases such as glaucoma, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, or chronic uveitis during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health was assessed using three questionnaires: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25). A total of 145 patients completed the questionnaires. The PHQ-9 showed that most respondents (n = 89, 61%) had none or minimal depressive symptoms, while 31 (21%) had mild depressive symptoms, 19 (13%) had moderate depressive symptoms, 5 (3%) had moderately severe depressive symptoms, and 1 (1%) had severe depressive symptoms. Regarding stress surrounding the pandemic, the median IES-R showed mild distress in 16 (11%), moderate distress in 7 (5%), and severe distress in 4 (3%). The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns had a negative impact on patients’ mental health with close to 20% of the patients reporting at least moderately depressive symptoms and 19% reporting at least mildly distressful symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vision Research in Québec: Selected Papers from the 25th Annual Meeting of the Vision Health Research Network)

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13 pages, 2948 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Repeatability and Comparability of Retinal Blood Vessel Caliber Measurements by OCTA

by Joby Tsai, Samuel Asanad, Martha Whiting, Xuemin Zhang, Laurence Magder and Osamah Saeedi

Vision 2023, 7(3), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030048 - 03 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1531

Abstract

Background: To investigate the repeatability in vessel caliber measurements by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: In this prospective study, 28 patients (47 eyes) underwent sequential OCTA imaging of the optic nerve head and macula. Two independent masked graders measured vessel caliber for [...] Read more.

Background: To investigate the repeatability in vessel caliber measurements by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: In this prospective study, 28 patients (47 eyes) underwent sequential OCTA imaging of the optic nerve head and macula. Two independent masked graders measured vessel caliber for sequential images of the optic nerve head and macula. The average vessel width was determined and variability between graders and images. Results: A total of 8400 measurements of 420 vessels from 84 OCTA images were included in the analysis. Overall, inter-grader agreement was excellent (ICC 0.90). The coefficient of variation (CoV) for all repeated OCTA images was 0.10. Greater glaucoma severity, older age, macular location, and diagnosis of diabetes were associated with thinner vessels (p < 0.05). CoV was higher in the peripapillary region (0.07) as compared to the macula (0.15). ICC was high for all subgroups except for the macula (ICC = 0.72). Conclusions: Overall, the repeatability of vessel caliber measurements by OCTA was high and variability low. There was greater variability in the measurement of macular vessels, possibly due to technical limitations in acquiring accurate vessel widths for smaller macular vessels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Retinal Function and Disease)

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17 pages, 484 KiB

Open AccessReview

Chandelier-Assisted Scleral Buckling: A Literature Review

by Lorenzo Governatori, Alessandra Scampoli, Carola Culiersi, Patrizio Bernardinelli, Stefano Maria Picardi, Federica Sarati and Tomaso Caporossi

Vision 2023, 7(3), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision7030047 - 28 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1047

Abstract

The treatment of retinal detachment (RD) has seen numerous advancements in the last decades. Scleral buckling (SB) is a surgical procedure introduced in the 1950s that has seen a drastic reduction with the advent of vitrectomy. However, due to the new surgical visualization [...] Read more.

The treatment of retinal detachment (RD) has seen numerous advancements in the last decades. Scleral buckling (SB) is a surgical procedure introduced in the 1950s that has seen a drastic reduction with the advent of vitrectomy. However, due to the new surgical visualization systems, SB has evolved and continues to be an extremely useful procedure in certain conditions. The presence of different case reports or interventional studies with comparable outcomes, as well as the lack of recent studies with direct comparison, may result in an underestimation of its potential nowadays. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on chandelier-assisted scleral bucking (CSB), with an overview of the surgical evolution, outcomes, advantages, and complications. Full article

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Vision, Volume 7, Issue 3 (September 2023) – 16 articles

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