Computation

16 pages, 5907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of the Sloshing Dynamics in Partially Filled Rectangular Tanks with Submerged Baffles Using VOF and LES Turbulence Methods for Different Impact Angles

by Xavier Vallés Rebollo, Ehsan Sadeghi, Ibuki Kusano and Andrés-Amador García-Granada

Computation 2022, 10(12), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120225 - 19 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2379

Abstract

This research studies how the angle and dimensions of a single baffle affect the dynamics of a fluid in a closed rectangular tank under an accelerated harmonic vibration in resonance. A half-filled non-deformable rectangular tank with a single centered submerged baffle has been [...] Read more.

This research studies how the angle and dimensions of a single baffle affect the dynamics of a fluid in a closed rectangular tank under an accelerated harmonic vibration in resonance. A half-filled non-deformable rectangular tank with a single centered submerged baffle has been simulated using ANSYS^® FLUENT. The study aims to characterize the effect of changing the baffle’s angle; hence, 10 simulations have been performed: without a baffle, 90°, 30°, 60°, 120° and 150°, either maintaining the baffle’s length or the projected height constant. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method using volume of fluid (VOF) and large eddy simulation (LES) are used to predict the movement of the fluid in two dimensions, which have been benchmarked against experimental data with excellent agreement. The motion is sinusoidal in the +X direction, with a frequency of oscillation equal to its first vibration mode. The parameters studied have been the free surface elevation, values at three different points and maximum; the center of gravity’s position, velocity, and acceleration; and the forces against the tank’s walls. It has been found that the 90° angle has the most significant damping effect, stabilizing the free-surface elevation, reducing the center of gravity dispersion, and leveling the impacting forces. Smaller angles also tame the sloshing and stabilize it. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Finite Element Methods)

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16 pages, 5864 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Statistical Theory of Optimal Stochastic Signals Processing in Multichannel Aerospace Imaging Radar Systems

by Valeriy Volosyuk and Semen Zhyla

Computation 2022, 10(12), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120224 - 18 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1484

Abstract

The work is devoted to solving current scientific and applied problems of the development of radar imaging methods. These developments are based on statistical theory of optimal signal processing. These developments allow researchers to create coherent high-resolution information-enriched images as well as incoherent [...] Read more.

The work is devoted to solving current scientific and applied problems of the development of radar imaging methods. These developments are based on statistical theory of optimal signal processing. These developments allow researchers to create coherent high-resolution information-enriched images as well as incoherent images. These methods can be practically applied in multichannel aerospace radars through the proposed programs and algorithms. Firstly, the following models of stochastic signals at the output of multichannel registration regions of scattered electro-magnetic fields, internal noise, and observation equations are developed and their statistical characteristics investigated. For the considered models of observation equations, the likelihood functional is defined. This definition is an important stage in optimizing spatial and temporal signal processing. These signals are distorted by internal receiver noises in radar systems. Secondly, by synthesising and analysing methods of measuring a radar cross section, the problem of incoherent imaging by aerospace radars with planar antenna array is solved. Thirdly, the obtained optimal mathematical operations are physically interpreted. The proposed interpretation helps to implement a quasi-optimal algorithm of radar cross section estimation in aerospace radar systems. Finally, to verify the proposed theory, a semi-natural experiment of real radio holograms processing was performed. These radio holograms are digital recordings of spatial and temporal signals by an airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system. The results of the semi-natural experiment are presented and analysed in the paper. All the calculations, developments and results in this paper can be applied to new developments in areas such as remote sensing or non-destructive testing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering – Synergetic Engineering Ⅱ)

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Graphical abstract

20 pages, 974 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparison between Task Distribution Strategies for Load Balancing Using a Multiagent System

by Dumitru-Daniel Vecliuc, Florin Leon and Doina Logofătu

Computation 2022, 10(12), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120223 - 17 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1478

Abstract

This work presents a comparison between several task distribution methods for load balancing with the help of an original implementation of a solution based on a multi-agent system. Among the original contributions, one can mention the design and implementation of the agent-based solution [...] Read more.

This work presents a comparison between several task distribution methods for load balancing with the help of an original implementation of a solution based on a multi-agent system. Among the original contributions, one can mention the design and implementation of the agent-based solution and the proposal of various scenarios, strategies and metrics that are further analyzed in the experimental case studies. The best strategy depends on the context. When the objective is to use the processors at their highest processing potential, the agents preferences strategy produces the best usage of the processing resources with an aggregated load per turn for all PAs up to four times higher than the rest of the strategies. When one needs to have a balance between the loads of the processing elements, the maximum availability strategy is better than the rest of the examined strategies, producing the lowest imbalance rate between PAs out of all the strategies in most scenarios. The random distribution strategy produces the lowest average load especially for tasks with higher required processing time, and thus, it should generally be avoided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Information, Computation, and Control Systems for Distributed Environments)

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14 pages, 3005 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Principles of Building Digital Twins to Design Integrated Energy Systems

by Valery Stennikov, Evgeny Barakhtenko, Dmitry Sokolov and Gleb Mayorov

Computation 2022, 10(12), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120222 - 16 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1850

Abstract

The design of integrated energy systems (IESs) is a challenging task by reason of the highly complex configurations of these systems, the wide range of equipment used, and a diverse set of mathematical models and dedicated software employed to model it. The use [...] Read more.

The design of integrated energy systems (IESs) is a challenging task by reason of the highly complex configurations of these systems, the wide range of equipment used, and a diverse set of mathematical models and dedicated software employed to model it. The use of digital twins allows modeling in virtual space for various IES configurations. As a result, an optimal option of IES is obtained, which is implemented in the construction or expansion of a real-world IES. The paper proposes the principles of building digital twins for solving the IES design problems. The paper presents a new methodological approach developed by the authors to design an IES with the help of its digital twin. This approach includes the following components: the architecture of the software platform to create digital twins, a set of technologies and tools to implement the platform, methods to automatically construct a digital twin based on the Model-Driven Engineering concept, an algorithm to design an IES based on its digital twin, and principles to organize a computational process using a multi-agent approach. The results of the computational experiment using the software implementation of the IES digital twin components are presented for a test energy supply scheme. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Information, Computation, and Control Systems for Distributed Environments)

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13 pages, 8585 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Raspberry Pi 4 B and 3 B+ Micro-Kubernetes Cluster and IoT System for Mosquito Research Applications

by Zhihao Pan, Byul Hur, Kevin Myles and Zach Adelman

Computation 2022, 10(12), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120221 - 16 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2205

Abstract

Detecting infected female mosquitoes can be vital when they transmit harmful diseases such as dengue, malaria, and others. Infected mosquitoes can lay hundreds of eggs in breeding locations, and newborns can transmit diseases to more victims. Hence, gathering and monitoring climate data and [...] Read more.

Detecting infected female mosquitoes can be vital when they transmit harmful diseases such as dengue, malaria, and others. Infected mosquitoes can lay hundreds of eggs in breeding locations, and newborns can transmit diseases to more victims. Hence, gathering and monitoring climate data and environmental conditions for mosquito research can be valuable in preventing mosquitoes from spreading diseases. To obtain microclimate data, users such as mosquito researchers may need weather stations in various locations and an inexpensive, effective IoT system for monitoring multiple specific locations. We can achieve this in each location by sending microclimate data from wireless sensor end-node devices to a nearby middle-node aggregator. Each location’s aggregator can send the data to a cluster, such as a customized Raspberry Pi-based cluster with Micro-Kubernetes as its distributed operating system. The applications, such as the database and web server, can be wrapped up by docker containers and deployed as containerized applications on the cluster. This cluster can store the data, available to be accessed via Android and web applications. The results of this work show that the measurement data of the specific locations are more accurate than those from nearby third-party weather stations. This proposed IoT cluster system in this paper can be used to provide accurate microclimate data for the selected locations. Full article

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7 pages, 252 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characteristic Sequence of Strongly Minimal Directed Single Graphs of 1-Arity

by Abeer M. Albalahi

Computation 2022, 10(12), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120220 - 15 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1025

Abstract

In this paper, we will classify the strongly minimal directed single graphs of 1-arity by axiomatizing the theory of characteristic sequence of such a graph. Then we will show this theory is complete by using Łos-Vaught test. Complete theory is important to capture [...] Read more.

In this paper, we will classify the strongly minimal directed single graphs of 1-arity by axiomatizing the theory of characteristic sequence of such a graph. Then we will show this theory is complete by using Łos-Vaught test. Complete theory is important to capture all the models of the theory and hence can be applied on mathematical structures which meet such a theory. The theory of algebraically closed fields with a given characteristic is complete. Thus, in this paper we will classify the strongly minimal directed single graphs of 1-arity with given characteristic sequence which can be applied on many mathematical structures not only algebraically closed fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graph Theory and Its Applications in Computing)

12 pages, 756 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fundamental Results of Cyclic Codes over Octonion Integers and Their Decoding Algorithm

by Muhammad Sajjad, Tariq Shah, Robinson-Julian Serna, Zagalo Enrique Suárez Aguilar and Omaida Sepúlveda Delgado

Computation 2022, 10(12), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120219 - 14 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1239

Abstract

Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes and their respective fitness for specific applications. Codes are used for data compression, cryptography, error detection, error correction, data transmission, and data storage. Codes are studied by various scientific disciplines, such as information [...] Read more.

Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes and their respective fitness for specific applications. Codes are used for data compression, cryptography, error detection, error correction, data transmission, and data storage. Codes are studied by various scientific disciplines, such as information theory, electrical engineering, mathematics, linguistics, and computer science, to design efficient and reliable data transmission methods. Many authors in the previous literature have discussed codes over finite fields, Gaussian integers, quaternion integers, etc. In this article, the author defines octonion integers, fundamental theorems related to octonion integers, encoding, and decoding of cyclic codes over the residue class of octonion integers with respect to the octonion Mannheim weight one. The comparison of primes, lengths, cardinality, dimension, and code rate with respect to Quaternion Integers and Octonion Integers will be discussed. Full article

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15 pages, 6349 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Functional Parametric Elasto-Dynamics for Efficient Multicomponent Design

by Jiajun Wu, Chady Ghnatios, Philippe Mordillat, Yves Tourbier and Francisco Chinesta

Computation 2022, 10(12), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120218 - 13 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1040

Abstract

In industrial settings, engineering products are often divided into separate components for detailed conception. They often require iterative corrections between different designers/teams to optimize the final product with all components assembled into a system. This article proposes a surrogate modeling approach with functional [...] Read more.

In industrial settings, engineering products are often divided into separate components for detailed conception. They often require iterative corrections between different designers/teams to optimize the final product with all components assembled into a system. This article proposes a surrogate modeling approach with functional descriptions of parts in the model and aims to accelerate the design and optimization phase in real projects. The approach is applied to a vibration problem of a two-component plate structure, where the model estimates the dynamic behavior of the assembled system when only the properties of each individual part are available. A database is built using high-fidelity numerical simulations, and neural-network-based regressions provide reliable predictions on unseen data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computational Engineering)

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10 pages, 241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Online Bottleneck Matching Problem with Two Heterogeneous Sensors in a Metric Space

by Man Xiao, Yaru Yang and Weidong Li

Computation 2022, 10(12), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120217 - 09 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1101

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the online matching problem with two heterogeneous sensors

s_{1}

and

s_{2}

in a metric space

(X, d)

. If a request r is assigned to sensor

s_{1}

, the service cost of [...] Read more.

In this paper, we consider the online matching problem with two heterogeneous sensors

s_{1}

and

s_{2}

in a metric space

(X, d)

. If a request r is assigned to sensor

s_{1}

, the service cost of r is the distance

d (r, s_{1})

. Otherwise, r is assigned to sensor

s_{2}

, and the service cost of r is

\frac{d (r, s_{2})}{w}

, where

w \geq 1

is the weight of sensor

s_{2}

. The goal is to minimize the maximum matching cost, we design an optimal online algorithm with a competitive ratio of

1 + w + \frac{1}{w}

for

1 \leq w \leq 1.839

, and an optimal online algorithm with a competitive ratio of

\frac{w + 1 + \sqrt{w^{2} + 6 w + 1}}{2}

for

w > 1.839

. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graph Theory and Its Applications in Computing)

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14 pages, 306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Applications of Double ARA Integral Transform

by Rania Saadeh

Computation 2022, 10(12), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120216 - 08 Dec 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1404

Abstract

This paper describes our construction of a new double transform, which we call the double ARA transform (DARAT). Our novel double-integral transform can be used to solve partial differential equations and other problems. We discuss some fundamental characteristics of our approach, including existence, [...] Read more.

This paper describes our construction of a new double transform, which we call the double ARA transform (DARAT). Our novel double-integral transform can be used to solve partial differential equations and other problems. We discuss some fundamental characteristics of our approach, including existence, linearity, and several findings relating to partial derivatives and the double convolution theorem. DARAT can be used to precisely solve a variety of partial differential equations, including the heat equation, wave equation, telegraph equation, Klein–Gordon equation, and others, all of which are crucial for physical applications. Herein, we use DARAT to solve model integral equations to obtain exact solutions. We conclude that our novel method is easier to use than comparable transforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Mathematical Modeling)

15 pages, 4444 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Parallelization of Runge–Kutta Methods for Hardware Implementation

by Petr Fedoseev, Konstantin Zhukov, Dmitry Kaplun, Nikita Vybornov and Valery Andreev

Computation 2022, 10(12), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120215 - 07 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1760

Abstract

Parallel numerical integration is a valuable tool used in many applications requiring high-performance numerical solvers, which is of great interest nowadays due to the increasing difficulty and complexity in differential problems. One of the possible approaches to increase the efficiency of ODE solvers [...] Read more.

Parallel numerical integration is a valuable tool used in many applications requiring high-performance numerical solvers, which is of great interest nowadays due to the increasing difficulty and complexity in differential problems. One of the possible approaches to increase the efficiency of ODE solvers is to parallelize recurrent numerical methods, making them more suitable for execution in hardware with natural parallelism, e.g., field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or graphical processing units (GPUs). Some of the simplest and most popular ODE solvers are explicit Runge–Kutta methods. Despite the high implementability and overall simplicity of the Runge–Kutta schemes, recurrent algorithms remain weakly suitable for execution in parallel computers. In this paper, we propose an approach for parallelizing classical explicit Runge–Kutta methods to construct efficient ODE solvers with pipeline architecture. A novel technique to obtain parallel finite-difference models based on Runge–Kutta integration is described. Three test initial value problems are considered to evaluate the properties of the obtained solvers. It is shown that the truncation error of the parallelized Runge–Kutta method does not significantly change after its known recurrent version. A possible speed up in calculations is estimated using Amdahl’s law and is approximately 2.5–3-times. Block diagrams of fixed-point parallel ODE solvers suitable for hardware implementation on FPGA are given. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Modeling and Study of Nonlinear Dynamic Processes)

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19 pages, 3385 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Forecasting the Cumulative COVID-19 Cases in Indonesia Using Flower Pollination Algorithm

by Afiahayati, Yap Bee Wah, Sri Hartati, Yunita Sari, I Nyoman Prayana Trisna, Diyah Utami Kusumaning Putri, Aina Musdholifah and Retantyo Wardoyo

Computation 2022, 10(12), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120214 - 07 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1519

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12 March 2020. Indonesia is reported to have the highest number of cases in Southeast Asia. Accurate prediction of the number of COVID-19 cases in the [...] Read more.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12 March 2020. Indonesia is reported to have the highest number of cases in Southeast Asia. Accurate prediction of the number of COVID-19 cases in the upcoming few days is required as one of the considerations in making decisions to provide appropriate recommendations in the process of mitigating global pandemic infectious diseases. In this research, a metaheuristics optimization algorithm, the flower pollination algorithm, is used to forecast the cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. The flower pollination algorithm is a robust and adaptive method to perform optimization for curve fitting of COVID-19 cases. The performance of the flower pollination algorithm was evaluated and compared with a machine learning method which is popular for forecasting, the recurrent neural network. A comprehensive experiment was carried out to determine the optimal hyperparameters for the flower pollination algorithm and recurrent neural network. There were 24 and 72 combinations of hyperparameters for the flower pollination algorithm and recurrent neural network, respectively. The best hyperparameters were used to develop the COVID-19 forecasting model. Experimental results showed that the flower pollination algorithm performed better than the recurrent neural network in long-term (two weeks) and short-term (one week) forecasting of COVID-19 cases. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the flower pollination algorithm model (0.38%) was much lower than that of the recurrent neural network model (5.31%) in the last iteration for long-term forecasting. Meanwhile, the MAPE for the flower pollination algorithm model (0.74%) is also lower than the recurrent neural network model (4.8%) in the last iteration for short-term forecasting of the cumulative COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. This research provides state-of-the-art results to help the process of mitigating the global pandemic of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computation to Fight SARS-CoV-2 (CoVid-19))

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20 pages, 2783 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Statistical Theory of Optimal Functionally Deterministic Signals Processing in Multichannel Aerospace Imaging Radar Systems

by Valeriy Volosyuk and Semen Zhyla

Computation 2022, 10(12), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120213 - 03 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1624

Abstract

The theory of the optimal formation of coherent and incoherent images is developed using the foundations of the statistical theory of optimization of radio engineering information-measuring systems. The main operations necessary for synthesizing optimal methods of spatio-temporal processing of functionally deterministic signals in [...] Read more.

The theory of the optimal formation of coherent and incoherent images is developed using the foundations of the statistical theory of optimization of radio engineering information-measuring systems. The main operations necessary for synthesizing optimal methods of spatio-temporal processing of functionally deterministic signals in on-board radio imaging radars with antenna arrays are shown. Models of radio engineering signals and noise have been developed. The statistical and correlation characteristics of spatio-temporal signals and noises in the area of their observation by antenna systems have been investigated. The technique for estimating the limiting errors of the measured characteristics of the studying media is presented. Using the developed theory, a new method for high-resolution radar imaging of the surface from a wide swath was obtained. This method has a new optimal observation mode combining the advantages of several terrain observation modes and fully complies with modern trends in the creation of cognitive radars with the possibility of restructuring the antenna pattern in space and adaptive receiving of reflected signals. The principles of construction and algorithmic support of high-precision airborne radars with an extended observation area are formulated. The effectiveness of the obtained results is investigated by simulation, taking into account the phenomenological approach to the description of electromagnetic fields and coherent images. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering – Synergetic Engineering Ⅱ)

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13 pages, 3376 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Methane–Air Mixture Dynamics in a Dead-End Drift Ventilated Using an Exhaust System

by Mikhail Semin and Aleksey Isaevich

Computation 2022, 10(12), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120212 - 02 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1396

Abstract

The dynamics of methane–air mixtures in a dead-end drift of a potash mine are investigated in this study. Methane release is associated with the destruction of potash ore during mining operations. The studied dead-end drift is ventilated using an exhaust ventilation system in [...] Read more.

The dynamics of methane–air mixtures in a dead-end drift of a potash mine are investigated in this study. Methane release is associated with the destruction of potash ore during mining operations. The studied dead-end drift is ventilated using an exhaust ventilation system in which fresh air is supplied through the drift, and polluted air is removed through a ventilation duct equipped with a fan. The regularities of the stationary distribution of methane in the drift are described using a 3D multiparametric numerical simulation. The size and shape of the methane cloud at the roof of the dead-end drift were analyzed depending on the ratio of the main mass transfer mechanisms in the system: forced convection due to the action of the fan, free convection due to the differing densities of the methane–air mixture, and turbulent diffusion. A criterion linking the Reynolds number, the gas Grashof number, and the length of the accumulated methane cloud is determined. Overall, the results of this study have important implications for developing new effective auxiliary mine ventilation systems that can improve the safety of mining operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computational Engineering)

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2 pages, 162 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Oluwagbemi et al. Bioinformatics, Computational Informatics, and Modeling Approaches to the Design of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates. Computation 2022, 10, 117

by Olugbenga Oluseun Oluwagbemi, Elijah K. Oladipo, Olatunji M. Kolawole, Julius K. Oloke, Temitope I. Adelusi, Boluwatife A. Irewolede, Emmanuel O. Dairo, Ayodele E. Ayeni, Kehinde T. Kolapo, Olawumi E. Akindiya, Jerry A. Oluwasegun, Bamigboye F. Oluwadara and Segun Fatumo

Computation 2022, 10(12), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120211 - 02 Dec 2022

Viewed by 950

Abstract

The following information was missing in the original manuscript [...] Full article

16 pages, 1068 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On Alternative Algorithms for Computing Dynamic Mode Decomposition

by Gyurhan Nedzhibov

Computation 2022, 10(12), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120210 - 01 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2171

Abstract

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven, modal decomposition technique that describes spatiotemporal features of high-dimensional dynamic data. The method is equation-free in the sense that it does not require knowledge of the underlying governing equations. The main purpose of this article is [...] Read more.

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven, modal decomposition technique that describes spatiotemporal features of high-dimensional dynamic data. The method is equation-free in the sense that it does not require knowledge of the underlying governing equations. The main purpose of this article is to introduce new alternatives to the currently accepted algorithm for calculating the dynamic mode decomposition. We present two new algorithms which are more economical from a computational point of view, which is an advantage when working with large data. With a few illustrative examples, we demonstrate the applicability of the introduced algorithms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Modeling and Study of Nonlinear Dynamic Processes)

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16 pages, 4833 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Precision Calibration of Omnidirectional Camera Using a Statistical Approach

by Vasilii P. Lazarenko, Valery V. Korotaev, Sergey N. Yaryshev, Marin B. Marinov and Todor S. Djamiykov

Computation 2022, 10(12), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120209 - 30 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1919

Abstract

Omnidirectional optoelectronic systems (OOES) find applications in many areas where a wide viewing angle is crucial. The disadvantage of these systems is the large distortion of the images, which makes it difficult to make wide use of them. The purpose of this study [...] Read more.

Omnidirectional optoelectronic systems (OOES) find applications in many areas where a wide viewing angle is crucial. The disadvantage of these systems is the large distortion of the images, which makes it difficult to make wide use of them. The purpose of this study is the development an algorithm for the precision calibration of an omnidirectional camera using a statistical approach. The calibration approach comprises three basic stages. The first stage is the formation of a cloud of points characterizing the view field of the virtual perspective camera. In the second stage, a calibration procedure that provides the projection function for the camera calibration is performed. The projection functions of traditional perspective lenses and omnidirectional wide-angle fisheye lenses with a viewing angle of no less than 180° are compared. The construction of the corrected image is performed in the third stage. The developed algorithm makes it possible to obtain an image for part of the field of view of an OOES by correcting the distortion from the original omnidirectional image.Using the developed algorithm, a non-mechanical pivoting camera based on an omnidirectional camera is implemented. The achieved mean squared error of the reproducing points from the original omnidirectional image onto the image with corrected distortion is less than the size of a very few pixels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computational Engineering)

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11 pages, 335 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Some Remarks on Malicious and Negligent Data Breach Distribution Estimates

by Maria Francesca Carfora and Albina Orlando

Computation 2022, 10(12), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120208 - 30 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1729

Abstract

Digitization offers great opportunities as well as new challenges. Indeed, these opportunities entail increased cyber risks, both from deliberate cyberattacks and from incidents caused by inadvertent human error. Cyber risk must be mastered, and to this aim, its quantification is an urgent challenge. [...] Read more.

Digitization offers great opportunities as well as new challenges. Indeed, these opportunities entail increased cyber risks, both from deliberate cyberattacks and from incidents caused by inadvertent human error. Cyber risk must be mastered, and to this aim, its quantification is an urgent challenge. There is a lot of interest in this topic from the insurance community in order to price adequate coverage to their customers. A key first step is to investigate the frequency and severity of cyber incidents. On the grounds that data breaches seem to be the main cause of cyber incidents, the aim of this paper is to give further insights about the frequency and severity statistical distributions of malicious and negligent data breaches. For this purpose, we refer to a publicly available dataset: the Chronology of Data Breaches provided by the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Issues in Insurance and Finance)

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18 pages, 7318 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling the Static and Dynamic Behaviors of a Large Heavy-Duty Lathe Machine under Rated Loads

by Chien-Yu Lin, Yuan-Ping Luh, Wei-Zhu Lin, Bo-Chen Lin and Jui-Pin Hung

Computation 2022, 10(12), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120207 - 25 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4008

Abstract

The static and dynamic performances of a machine tool structure are considered to constitute the primary factors affecting the load-carrying capacity, geometric accuracy and surface precision of the workpiece. The machining performance of a large machine tool under stable conditions is effectively determined [...] Read more.

The static and dynamic performances of a machine tool structure are considered to constitute the primary factors affecting the load-carrying capacity, geometric accuracy and surface precision of the workpiece. The machining performance of a large machine tool under stable conditions is effectively determined by its dynamic response to the cutting force at low-frequency excitation. This study, therefore, investigated the static and dynamic characteristics of a large heavy-duty lathe machine tool in which the headstock and tailstock comprised critical component modules supporting a large workpiece during low-speed machining. Using a finite element model, the influences of the structural modules on the static and dynamic characteristics of the lathe were analyzed, considering the effects of the workpiece load. The results indicated that the fundamental vibration modes of the lathe were primarily dominated by headstock, tailstock, and workpiece behaviors. The maximum compliances of the lathe under the rated load were found to occur at relatively low frequencies (22, 40.7, and 82.7 Hz) and increase with the reduction in workpiece weight. Notably, these modal frequencies were significantly higher than the maximum rotational speed of the spindle (450 rpm). In addition, the dynamic rigidity corresponding to the rated speed was higher than that induced at the natural frequency. These results indicate that the subject lathe possesses sufficient capacity to sustain the cutting load during stable turning machining. This study can, therefore, help designers improve the performance of machine tools for future fabrication. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Finite Element Methods)

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16 pages, 2123 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Asymptotic Characteristics of the Non-Iterative Estimates of the Linear-by-Linear Association Parameter for Ordinal Log-Linear Models

by Sidra Zafar, Salman A. Cheema, Eric J. Beh and Irene L. Hudson

Computation 2022, 10(12), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120206 - 24 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1032

Abstract

Over the past decade, a series of procedures has been introduced to estimate, using a non-iterative method, the linear-by-linear association parameter of an ordinal log-linear model. This paper will examine the two key non-iteratively determined estimates of the parameter for the analysis of [...] Read more.

Over the past decade, a series of procedures has been introduced to estimate, using a non-iterative method, the linear-by-linear association parameter of an ordinal log-linear model. This paper will examine the two key non-iteratively determined estimates of the parameter for the analysis of the association between the two categorical variables that form a contingency table; these are the log and the Beh-Davy non-iterative estimates, referred to simply as the LogNI and the BDNI estimates, respectively. Such an examination will focus on determining their asymptotic characteristics. To do so, a computational study was undertaken for tables of varying sizes to show that these two estimates are asymptotically unbiased. It is also shown that both estimates are asymptotically normally distributed. On the basis of the standard errors, their relative efficiency was established for the 13 commonly analysed contingency tables that appear throughout the literature. Full article

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23 pages, 13628 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation of Phase Transitions in Porous Media with Three-Phase Flows Considering Steam Injection into the Oil Reservoir

by Sergey Bublik and Mikhail Semin

Computation 2022, 10(12), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120205 - 24 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1641

Abstract

This study focuses on the analysis of an approach to the simulation of the phase transition in porous media when hot steam is injected into the oil reservoir. The reservoir is assumed to consist of a porous medium with homogeneous thermal properties. Its [...] Read more.

This study focuses on the analysis of an approach to the simulation of the phase transition in porous media when hot steam is injected into the oil reservoir. The reservoir is assumed to consist of a porous medium with homogeneous thermal properties. Its porous space is filled with a three-phase mixture of steam, water, and oil. The problem is considered in a non-stationary and non-isothermal formulation. Each phase is considered to be incompressible, with constant thermal properties, except for the dynamic viscosity of oil, which depends on the temperature. The 1D mathematical model of filtration, taking into account the phase transition, consists of continuity, Darcy, and energy equations. Steam injection and oil production in the model are conducted via vertical or horizontal wells. In the case of horizontal wells, the influence of gravity is also taken into account. The Lee model is used to simulate the phase transition between steam and water. The convective terms in the balance equations are calculated without accounting for artificial diffusion. Spatial discretization of the 1D domain is carried out using the finite volume method, and time discretization is implemented using the inverse (implicit) Euler scheme. The proposed model is analyzed in terms of the accuracy of the phase transition simulation for various sets of independent phases and combinations of continuity equations. In addition, we study the sensitivity of the model to the selected independent phases, to the time step and spatial mesh parameters, and to the intensity of the phase transition. The obtained results allow us to formulate recommendations for simulations of the phase transition using the Lee model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computational Engineering)

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19 pages, 4564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GSTARI-X-ARCH Model with Data Mining Approach for Forecasting Climate in West Java

by Putri Monika, Budi Nurani Ruchjana and Atje Setiawan Abdullah

Computation 2022, 10(12), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10120204 - 23 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1310

Abstract

The spatiotemporal model consists of stationary and non-stationary data, respectively known as the Generalized Space–Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) model and the Generalized Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated (GSTARI) model. The application of this model in forecasting climate with rainfall variables is also influenced by exogenous variables [...] Read more.

The spatiotemporal model consists of stationary and non-stationary data, respectively known as the Generalized Space–Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) model and the Generalized Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated (GSTARI) model. The application of this model in forecasting climate with rainfall variables is also influenced by exogenous variables such as humidity, and often the assumption of error is not constant. Therefore, this study aims to design a spatiotemporal model with the addition of exogenous variables and to overcome the non-constant error variance. The proposed model is named GSTARI-X-ARCH. The model is used to predict climate phenomena in West Java, obtained from National Aeronautics and Space Administration Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (NASA POWER) data. Climate data are big data, so we used knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) in this study. The pre-processing step is collecting and cleaning data. Then, the data mining process with the GSTARI-X-ARCH model follows the Box–Jenkins procedure: model identification, parameter estimation, and diagnostic checking. Finally, the post-processing step for visualization and interpretation of forecast results was conducted. This research is expected to contribute to developing the spatiotemporal model and forecast results as recommendations to the relevant agencies. Full article

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Computation, Volume 10, Issue 12 (December 2022) – 22 articles

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