Microglial Hemoxygenase-1 Deletion Reduces Inflammation in the Retina of Old Mice with Tauopathy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Experimental Groups
2.2. Generation of Hemoxygenase-1 Knockout Animals for the HMO-KO and HMO-KO+TAU Groups
2.3. Generation of Animals with Tauopathy: TAU and HMO-KO+TAU Groups
2.4. Immunohistochemistry
2.5. Morphometric Analysis of Retinal Wholemounts
2.5.1. Tau Protein Expression
2.5.2. Microglial Characterization
Number of Microglia Iba-1+
Number of Microglia Iba-1+/CD68+
Area of Soma and Arbor Area of Iba-1+ Cell
2.5.3. Macroglial Characterization
Retinal Area Occupied by GFAP+ Immunolabeling (AROA)
Retinal Area Occupied by C3+ Immunolabeling (AROC3)
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Tau Expression in Retinal Tissue
3.2. Morphology and Distribution of Retinal Microglia in the Different Study Groups
3.2.1. Outer Segment Layer (OS)
3.2.2. Outer Plexiform Layer (OPL)
3.2.3. Inner Complex Layers (ICL)
3.2.4. Microglial CD68 Expression
3.2.5. Quantitative Study of Retinal Microglial Cells
Microglial Cell Numbers
Number of Dystrophic Iba-1+ Microglia and Iba-1+ Microglia Activated in OS Layer
Microglial Arbor Area
Microglial Soma Area
Number of Iba-1+/CD68+ Cells
3.3. Morphology and Distribution of Retinal Macroglia in the Different Study Groups
3.3.1. Morphological Study Using GFAP Antibody
3.3.2. Morphological Study Using C3 Antibody
3.3.3. Quantitative Study of Retinal Macroglial Cells
Area of Retina Occupied by GFAP (AROA)
Area of Retina Occupied by C3 (AROC3)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antibody | Concentration | Host | Reference | Company | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary antibodies | Iba-1 | 1:600 | Rabbit | 01919741 | Wako |
AT8 | 1:200 | Mouse | MN1020 | Thermo Fisher | |
CD68 | 1:40 | Rat | MCA1957GA | Bio Rad | |
TAUY9 | 1:400 | Rabbit | BML-TA3119-0100 | Enzo lifesciences | |
GFAP-GA5 | 1:150 | Mouse | MAB3402 | Millipore | |
C3 | 1:15 | Rat | HM1045 | Hycult Biotech | |
Secondary antibodies | Alexa Fluor® 405 Anti-Mouse | 1:150 | Goat | 31553 | Invitrogen |
Alexa Fluor® 405 Anti-Rabbit | 1:100 | Goat | A31556 | Invitrogen | |
Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-Rat | 1:150 | Donkey | A21208 | Invitrogen | |
Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-Mouse | 1:200 | Goat | A11001 | Invitrogen | |
Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-Rabbit | 1:800 | Donkey | A21207 | Invitrogen | |
Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-Rat | 1:500 | Goat | 405422 | Biolegend |
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Fernández-Albarral, J.A.; Salobrar-García, E.; Matamoros, J.A.; Fernández-Mendívil, C.; del Sastre, E.; Chen, L.; de Hoz, R.; López-Cuenca, I.; Sánchez-Puebla, L.; Ramírez, J.M.; et al. Microglial Hemoxygenase-1 Deletion Reduces Inflammation in the Retina of Old Mice with Tauopathy. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112151
Fernández-Albarral JA, Salobrar-García E, Matamoros JA, Fernández-Mendívil C, del Sastre E, Chen L, de Hoz R, López-Cuenca I, Sánchez-Puebla L, Ramírez JM, et al. Microglial Hemoxygenase-1 Deletion Reduces Inflammation in the Retina of Old Mice with Tauopathy. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(11):2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112151
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernández-Albarral, José A., Elena Salobrar-García, José A. Matamoros, Cristina Fernández-Mendívil, Eric del Sastre, Lejing Chen, Rosa de Hoz, Inés López-Cuenca, Lidia Sánchez-Puebla, José M. Ramírez, and et al. 2022. "Microglial Hemoxygenase-1 Deletion Reduces Inflammation in the Retina of Old Mice with Tauopathy" Antioxidants 11, no. 11: 2151. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112151