Developing a Risk Management Process for General Contractors in the Bidding Stage for Design–Build Projects in Vietnam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Research Methods
3.1. Methods to Identify Risk Factors, Build Questionnaires and Conduct Surveys
3.2. Methods to Analyze Survey Results, and Development of RMP
3.3. Methods to Evaluate the RMP
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. List of Identified Risk Factors for GCs in DB Projects
4.2. Proposed RMP during DB Project Bidding Phase
4.3. Evaluating the RMP through the Case Project Results
4.4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Risk Factors | References | |
---|---|---|
I | General risk factors | |
I.1 | Politics and law | |
1 | Change of laws and regulations | [3,8,10,26,28,35] |
2 | Unstable political transition period | [35] |
I.2 | Economy/finance | |
3 | Fluctuation of price, inflation rate, and interest rate for projects with an extended bidding stage | [10,26,28,31] |
I.3 | Environment | |
4 | Weather effect on quality and schedule of construction work | [25,28,30,31] |
I.4 | Inevitable risks | |
5 | Conflicts between landowners | [30] |
6 | Natural phenomenon (earthquake, fire, high winds, disease) during the construction period | [26,28] |
II | Bidding-specific risk factors | |
II.1 | Bidding package obtainment | |
7 | Inadequate information in the bid package | [3,26,27,28,29,31] |
8 | Disadvantage of down payment and payment schedule in the contract | [8,10,27,28,31] |
9 | The client holds the bid bond even after the project is awarded to other bidder | [27] |
10 | Financial stability of owner | [25,26,27] |
11 | Insufficient concept design drawing and document | [26,29,31,35] |
12 | Project with unclear construction approval and land rights | [30,31] |
13 | Unclear priority order in bidding package | [35] |
14 | Bidding package not following laws and policies | * |
15 | Inconsistency between information provided by the owner and the actual conditions of the bidding package | [29,30] |
16 | Incorrect evaluation of the owner’s financial stability, identity, reputation, strength, and position in the industry | [26,27,35] |
17 | Bidding period is too short | [35] |
II.2 | Bidding package review | |
18 | Incompatibility between geotechnical on-site condition and surveying document that is provided in the bidding package to support the design | [8,25,30,31] |
19 | Construction process affects adjacent buildings and underground utility | [8,27,30,35] |
20 | Construction delays due to approval documents, urban planning, and land right conflict | [3,8,28,30,35] |
21 | Owner’s requirement for concept design changes during tender stage | [3,10,25,26,28,31] |
22 | Owner’s requirement for construction schedule changes during tender stage | [3,10,25,26] |
23 | Design team’s lack of experience, capability, and supervision skills | [26,29,30] |
24 | Delay schedule of the bid team in bidding proposal preparation | [25,28,31] |
25 | Insufficient collaboration of design–builder team | [3,26,29] |
26 | Quotation delay from subcontractors and suppliers | [25] |
27 | Quotation from subcontractors and suppliers is wrong | [29] |
28 | Quoted materials are not available in the market | [28,29,31] |
29 | Bid rigging by subcontractors and suppliers | [36] |
30 | Construction method cost is too high because of the design’s complex constructability | [28] |
31 | Contractor’s financial capability is insufficient | [26] |
32 | Availability of equipment required | [26,27,28,31] |
33 | Bid proposal information leakage | * |
II.3 | Bidding proposal submission | |
34 | Late submission of bidding proposal | * |
35 | Missing or incorrect information in bidding proposal | [29] |
36 | Bidder’s initial design does not meet owner’s requirement | * |
37 | Bidding proposal not following legal regulation | * |
38 | Design document, bill of quantities, scope of work, and quotation templates are inconsistent | [29] |
39 | Construction method is not suitable | [26,29] |
40 | Capability of subcontractors and suppliers are inadequate | [26,27,29] |
41 | Unfair bidder selection process | [10] |
Case project | Private section, 25-floor apartment |
Project name | Confidential |
Owner | Confidential |
Bid packages | Design and build (MEP included) for CT1 tower |
Location | Hanoi city, Vietnam |
Type | Apartment and commercial |
Conceptual design | Total GFA 191,774 m2 |
3 Blocks of 20-floor apartment – GFA 123,652 | |
5 floors of podium – GPA 8623 m2, include +Landscape, swimming pool, garden – 2440 m2 +Commercial – 6183 m2 | |
1 sharing basement – GFA 16,270 m2 | |
Contract type | Fixed-price contract |
Bidding type | Public |
Duration | 16 months |
Estimated project cost | VND 1,730,880,000,000~USD 75,882,506 |
Bid security | 20% project cost after tax |
Guarantee duration | 60 months |
Rank | Risk Factor No. | Mean of RL | Std. | Sig. Value t-Test | Sig. Value SW Test | Rank | Risk Factor No. | Mean of RL | Std. | Sig. Value t-Test | Sig. Value SW Test |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | RF 30 | 0.834 c | 0.149 | 0.019 b | 0.014 a | 23 | RF 15 | 0.783 | 0.168 | 0.286 b | 0.001 |
2 | RF 25 | 0.833 c | 0.131 | 0.010 b | 0.236 a | 24 | RF 8 | 0.78 | 0.15 | 0.17 b | 0.573 a |
3 | RF 12 | 0.828 c | 0.137 | 0.036 b | 0.181 a | 25 | RF 17 | 0.779 | 0.15 | 0.148 b | 0.178 a |
4 | RF 24 | 0.825 c | 0.134 | 0.054 b | 0.051 a | 26 | RF 11 | 0.777 | 0.162 | 0.132 b | 0.052 a |
5 | RF 23 | 0.823 c | 0.135 | 0.076 b | 0.011 a | 27 | RF 40 | 0.776 | 0.151 | 0.102 b | 0.004 |
6 | RF 21 | 0.813 c | 0.156 | 0.392 b | 0.075 a | 28 | RF 5 | 0.776 | 0.174 | 0.149 b | 0.118 a |
7 | RF 36 | 0.811 c | 0.147 | 0.451 b | 0.791 a | 29 | RF 39 | 0.775 | 0.15 | 0.09 b | 0.677 a |
8 | RF 38 | 0.810 c | 0.163 | 0.511 b | 0.992 a | 30 | RF 3 | 0.765 | 0.133 | 0.007 b | 0.131 a |
9 | RF 35 | 0.810 c | 0.147 | 0.499 b | 0.635 a | 31 | RF 31 | 0.762 | 0.181 | 0.028 | 0.113 a |
10 | RF 22 | 0.808 c | 0.132 | 0.526 b | 0.386 a | 32 | RF 13 | 0.759 | 0.162 | 0.01 | 0.693 a |
11 | RF 10 | 0.808 c | 0.178 | 0.652 b | 0.258 a | 33 | RF 28 | 0.757 | 0.136 | 0.001 | 0.383 a |
12 | RF 33 | 0.802 c | 0.17 | 0.928 b | 0.040 a | 34 | RF 32 | 0.749 | 0.186 | 0.005 | 0.609 a |
13 | RF 34 | 0.798 | 0.181 | 0.899 b | 0.031 a | 35 | RF 6 | 0.742 | 0.158 | 0 | 0.192 a |
14 | RF 7 | 0.797 | 0.132 | 0.817 b | 0.292 a | 36 | RF 19 | 0.741 | 0.176 | 0.001 | 0.019 |
15 | RF 18 | 0.796 | 0.168 | 0.785 b | 0.274 a | 37 | RF 29 | 0.724 | 0.193 | 0 | 0.670 a |
16 | RF 14 | 0.794 | 0.19 | 0.747 b | 0.772 a | 38 | RF 4 | 0.712 | 0.186 | 0 | 0.075 a |
17 | RF 20 | 0.794 | 0.167 | 0.697 b | 0.254 a | 39 | RF 9 | 0.704 | 0.182 | 0 | 0.811 a |
18 | RF 26 | 0.793 | 0.16 | 0.667 b | 0.910 a | 40 | RF 2 | 0.691 | 0.182 | 0 | 0.575 a |
19 | RF 41 | 0.793 | 0.188 | 0.684 b | 0.024 a | 41 | RF 1 | 0.665 | 0.194 | 0 | 0.963 a |
20 | RF 16 | 0.791 | 0.163 | 0.573 b | 0.749 a | ||||||
21 | RF 27 | 0.790 | 0.151 | 0.494 b | 0.918 a | ||||||
22 | RF 37 | 0.786 | 0.161 | 0.355 b | 0.513 a |
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Pham, D.-H.; Ly, D.-H.; Tran, N.-K.; Ahn, Y.-H.; Jang, H. Developing a Risk Management Process for General Contractors in the Bidding Stage for Design–Build Projects in Vietnam. Buildings 2021, 11, 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110542
Pham D-H, Ly D-H, Tran N-K, Ahn Y-H, Jang H. Developing a Risk Management Process for General Contractors in the Bidding Stage for Design–Build Projects in Vietnam. Buildings. 2021; 11(11):542. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110542
Chicago/Turabian StylePham, Duy-Hoang, Dang-Huy Ly, Ngoc-Khue Tran, Yong-Han Ahn, and Hyeongjae Jang. 2021. "Developing a Risk Management Process for General Contractors in the Bidding Stage for Design–Build Projects in Vietnam" Buildings 11, no. 11: 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110542