Effect of Short Fibers on Fracture Properties of Epoxy-Based Polymer Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials, Sample Preparation and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Testing Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Fibers Adding Effects on the Density and Porosity Properties of PC
3.2. Effects of Adding Fibers on the Modulus of Elasticity of PC Systems
3.3. Fibers Adding Effects on the Mechanical Properties of PC
3.4. Fibers Adding Effects on Toughness at High Temperatures
4. Conclusions
- Epoxy-based concrete possesses higher mechanical properties compared to ordinary cement concrete.
- For temperatures less than 250 °C, the epoxy polymer concrete is still more efficient than ordinary cement concrete.
- The addition of short carbon fibers content by a rate of 1% by weight to polymer concrete indicated that there was no indicative difference in the concrete density, the elastic characteristics, the compressive strength, and led to a decrease in the flexural strength. It also did not enhance the fracture properties at room temperature.
- When exposed to high temperatures of up to 150 °C, the 1% fiber introduction resulted in a load-carrying capacity increase. This enhancement of fracture properties is vanished for higher heating temperatures.
- Compared to the post cracking behavior at room temperature, the ductility of 1%-fibered polymer concrete increases when it is exposed to high temperatures, resulting in slower crack propagation.
- Carbon fibers introduction at content of 2% by weight of polymer-based concrete did not improve its mechanical and fracture properties. The same was observed for polypropylene fibers used with a fraction of 1% by weight.
5. Recommendations
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | EPONAL 371 | Polypropylene Duomix® Fire M6 | Aceca® ECO-H6 |
---|---|---|---|
Tensile strength (MPa) | 31.7 ± 3.2 | 300 | 3530 |
Young’s modulus (MPa) | 3800 ± 130 | 3500–3900 | 230 |
Elongation at break (%) | 1.2 ± 03 | 15 | 1.7 |
Compressive strength (MPa) | 81.05± 8.9 | – | – |
Length (mm) | – | 6 | 3 |
Density at 23 °C (g/cm3) | 1.42–1.48 | 0.91 | 1.73–1.96 |
Color | Beige | transparent white | black |
Brookfield viscosity at 23 °C (Pa.S) | 5-12 | – | – |
Filament diameter (µm) | – | 18 | 7 |
Melting temperature (°C) | – | 160-165 | 3500 |
Material | Concrete Mix | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC | PC-C1 | PC-C2 | PC-P1 | OCC | |
Polymer (%) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | - |
Cement CEM I 52.5 (%) | – | – | – | - | 15.6 |
Sand (%) | 56.6 | 55.6 | 54.6 | 55.6 | 35.1 |
Gravel (%) | 30.4 | 30.4 | 30.4 | 30.4 | 41 |
Water | – | – | – | – | 8.3 |
Carbon fibers (%) | – | 1 | 2 | – | – |
Polypropylene fibers (%) | – | – | – | 1 | – |
Beam Dimensions b × d × L | Rete of Loading (mm/min) | Span Length S | Length of the Notch ao | Width of the Notch | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC | 50 × 70 × 480 | 0.05 | 400 | 14 | 3 max | 0.200 |
OCC | 80 × 150 × 750 | 0.05 | 640 | 48 | 3 max | 0.312 |
Concrete System | Density (g/cm3) | Total Porosity (%) | dc (µm) |
---|---|---|---|
PC | 2.23 | 3.6 | 175.4 |
PC-C1 | 2.20 | 4.6 | 83.8 |
PC-C2 | 2.17 | 8.8 | 51.9 |
PC-P1 | 2.16 | 12.30 | 61.0 |
OCC | 2.37 | 15.13 | – |
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Elalaoui, O. Effect of Short Fibers on Fracture Properties of Epoxy-Based Polymer Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures. Polymers 2023, 15, 1078. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051078
Elalaoui O. Effect of Short Fibers on Fracture Properties of Epoxy-Based Polymer Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures. Polymers. 2023; 15(5):1078. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051078
Chicago/Turabian StyleElalaoui, Oussama. 2023. "Effect of Short Fibers on Fracture Properties of Epoxy-Based Polymer Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures" Polymers 15, no. 5: 1078. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051078