Human Papillomavirus and Male Infertility: What Do We Know?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. HPV Impact on Sperm Parameters
3. Correlation between HPV and Sperm DNA Fragmentation
4. Could HPV-Induced Anti-Sperm Antibodies (ASAs) Influence Male Fertility?
5. Male Infertility: Differences between hrHPV and lrHPV Infections
6. The Potential Role of HPV Infection in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
7. HPV Vaccination—Improvement or Worsening of Male Fertility?
8. Does Unsuccessful Fertilization Depend on Both Partners Being Positive? Or Just One of Them?
9. Clinical Recommendations and Management
10. Future Research Directions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Infection | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|
HPV positivity | Increased risk of DFI > 30%, asthenozoospermia, ASAs production, and negative ART outcome (alteration in fertilization, implantation, and development of the embryo). | [28,29,30] |
hrHPV genotype | Reduced sperm count and motility alterations. | [27,31] |
Multiple HPV infections | Hypospermia, abnormal viscosity, and increased seminal pH. | [24] |
HPV16 or HPV31 | Sperm genomic DNA breaks and increased apoptotic events. | [32] |
HPV16 and HPV18 | Exonic modification of p53 gene. | [33] |
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Sucato, A.; Buttà, M.; Bosco, L.; Di Gregorio, L.; Perino, A.; Capra, G. Human Papillomavirus and Male Infertility: What Do We Know? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17562. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417562
Sucato A, Buttà M, Bosco L, Di Gregorio L, Perino A, Capra G. Human Papillomavirus and Male Infertility: What Do We Know? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(24):17562. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417562
Chicago/Turabian StyleSucato, Arianna, Michela Buttà, Liana Bosco, Leonardo Di Gregorio, Antonio Perino, and Giuseppina Capra. 2023. "Human Papillomavirus and Male Infertility: What Do We Know?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24: 17562. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417562