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Open AccessArticle

Microbial Preparations Combined with Humic Substances Improve the Quality of Tree Planting Material Needed for Reforestation to Increase Carbon Sequestration

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Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7709; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097709 - 08 May 2023

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Abstract

Restoring forests in areas where they once stood is an important step towards increasing carbon sequestration. However, reforestation requires an increase in current levels of seedling production in the tree nurseries. The purpose of this work was to study the effectiveness of preparations based on bacteria and humic substances (HSs) to stimulate the growth of tree seedlings in a nursery. Two selected strains of Pseudomonas and humic substances were used to treat pine and poplar plants. The treatment of seedlings was carried out during their transplantation and after it, and the effects of treatment on shoot elongation, shoot and root mass were evaluated. Treatments with both bacterial strains enhanced the growth of poplar and pine shoots and roots, which was explained by their ability to synthesize auxins. P. protegens DA1.2 proved to be more effective than P. sp. 4CH. The treatment of plants with humic substances increased the nitrogen balance index and the content of chlorophyll in the leaves of poplar seedlings, which can elevate carbon storage due to the higher rate of photosynthesis. In addition, the combination of humic substances with P. protegens DA1.2 increased shoot biomass accumulation in newly transplanted pine plants, which indicates the possibility of using this combination in plant transplantation. The increase in length and weight of shoots and roots serves as an indicator of the improvement in the quality of planting material, which is necessary for successful reforestation to increase capture of carbon dioxide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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Open AccessReview

A Systematic Review of Syngas Bioconversion to Value-Added Products from 2012 to 2022

Marta Pacheco

Patrícia Moura

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Carla Silva

Energies 2023, 16(7), 3241; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073241 - 04 Apr 2023

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Abstract

Synthesis gas (syngas) fermentation is a biological carbon fixation process through which carboxydotrophic acetogenic bacteria convert CO, CO₂, and H₂ into platform chemicals. To obtain an accurate overview of the syngas fermentation research and innovation from 2012 to 2022, a systematic search was performed on Web of Science and The Lens, focusing on academic publications and patents that were published or granted during this period. Overall, the research focus was centered on process optimization, the genetic manipulation of microorganisms, and bioreactor design, in order to increase the plethora of fermentation products and expand their possible applications. Most of the published research was initially funded and developed in the United States of America. However, over the years, European countries have become the major contributors to syngas fermentation research, followed by China. Syngas fermentation seems to be developing at “two-speeds”, with a small number of companies controlling the technology that is needed for large-scale applications, while academia still focuses on low technology readiness level (TRL) research. This systematic review also showed that the fermentation of raw syngas, the effects of syngas impurities on acetogen viability and product distribution, and the process integration of gasification and fermentation are currently underdeveloped research topics, in which an investment is needed to achieve technological breakthroughs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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Open AccessArticle

Carbon Tax or Low-Carbon Subsidy? Carbon Reduction Policy Options under CCUS Investment

Qian Zhang

Yunjia Wang

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Lu Liu

Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 5301; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065301 - 16 Mar 2023

Viewed by 746

Abstract

Great expectations are placed in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Governments adopt carbon tax policies to discourage manufacturing that is not eco-friendly, and subsidies to encourage low-carbon production methods. This research investigates which carbon reduction incentive policy is more viable for the supply chain under CCUS application. The most significant finding is that carbon tax and low-carbon subsidy policies are applicable to high-pollution and low-pollution supply chains with the goal of maximizing social welfare. Both policies play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions. However, it is very important for the government to set reasonable policy parameters. Specifically, carbon tax and low-carbon subsidy values should be set in the intermediate level rather than being too large or too small to achieve higher social welfare. We also find that the higher the value of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in CCUS projects, the higher the economic performance and social welfare, but the lower the environmental efficiency. Governments should properly regulate the value of CO₂ after weighing economic performance, environmental efficiency and social welfare. The findings yield useful insights into the industry-wise design of carbon emission reduction policies for CCUS and similar projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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Open AccessArticle

Expansion of Geological CO₂ Storage Capacity in a Closed Aquifer by Simultaneous Brine Production with CO₂ Injection

Seungpil Jung

Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 3499; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043499 - 14 Feb 2023

Viewed by 981

Abstract

Structural trapping is the primary mechanism for intensive CO₂ sequestration in saline aquifers. This is the foundation for increasing global CO₂ storage; gradual switch to preferable trapping mechanisms, such as residual saturation, dissolution, and mineral trapping, will require a long-time scale. The major constraints limiting the storage capacity of structural trapping are formation pressure and structure size. Over-pressure owing to CO₂ injection causes a disruption of seal integrity indicating a failure in geological sequestration. The other constraint on storage capacity is a spill point determining geological storage volume. Overflowing CO₂, after filling the storage volume, migrates upward along the aquifer geometry with buoyancy. This study proposes a methodology to maximize CO₂ storage capacity of a geological site with a substructure created by an interbedded calcareous layer below spill point. This study provides various conceptual schemes, i.e., no brine production, simultaneous brine production and pre-injection brine production, for geological CO₂ storage. By the comparative analysis, location of brine producer, production rate, and distance between injector and producer are optimized. Therefore, the proposed scheme can enhance CO₂ storage capacity by 68% beyond the pressure and migration limits by steering CO₂ plume and managing formation pressure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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Open AccessEditorial

An Overview of Advances in CO₂ Capture Technologies

José Ramón Fernández

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1413; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031413 - 01 Feb 2023

Viewed by 853

Abstract

CO₂ emissions generated by human activities reached the highest ever annual level of 36 [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

Open AccessArticle

Technological Innovation Efficiency of Listed Carbon Capture Companies in China: Based on the Dual Dimensions of Legal Policy and Technology

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Energies 2023, 16(3), 1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031118 - 19 Jan 2023

Viewed by 846

Abstract

To achieve carbon neutrality and improve emission reduction efficiency, capturing carbon dioxide from the air on a large scale and promoting the application and innovation of carbon capture technology (CCUS) are the most important goals. This study undertakes an annual and comprehensive evaluation of the policy and the technological innovation efficiency (TIE) of 10 listed companies in China using the DEA model and the Malmquist index analysis method. The number of relevant laws and policies is significant, but they are not well coordinated. The static evaluation results indicate that the complete factor production rate is low, generally lower than 0.9, and the technical innovation efficiency is weak, mainly because of technological backwardness. The dynamic evaluation results indicate that the changes in total factor productivity (TFP) each year are primarily affected by changes in technological progress. This suggests that most domestic enterprises are still exploring technological innovation (TI) and operational business models. Finally, this study proposes measures to improve the TIE of carbon capture technology enterprises in China, including giving full play to the role of the government, expanding effective investment, and improving innovational ability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

Open AccessArticle

Does Environmental Regulation Promote Corporate Green Innovation? Empirical Evidence from Chinese Carbon Capture Companies

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Sustainability 2023, 15(2), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021640 - 14 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1186

Abstract

The proposal of the “double carbon” goal of “carbon peak, carbon neutralization” highlights the determination of China’s green and low-carbon development. Carbon capture is one of the essential ways to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and cope with climate change. Then, how to improve the green innovation capability of organizations and promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises with green development is a practical problem that needs to be dealt with quickly. This paper uses multiple linear regression to investigate the impact of environmental regulation on corporate green innovation and explores the mediating effect of corporate environmental investment and the moderating effect of corporate digital transformation. The analysis results show that government environmental regulation can effectively enhance the green innovation of enterprises and environmental investments play an intermediary role. However, the development of environmental regulation in China is still relatively backward, and its positive incentive role needs to be further played. As a result, the government should strengthen environmental legislation while also accelerating system development, increasing corporate investment in environmental protection, and raising protection awareness among companies using digital network technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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Open AccessArticle

Carbon Dioxide Adsorption over Activated Carbons Produced from Molasses Using H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HCl, NaOH, and KOH as Activating Agents

Karolina Kiełbasa

Şahin Bayar

Esin Apaydin Varol

Joanna Sreńscek-Nazzal

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Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7467; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217467 - 02 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1015

Abstract

Cost-effective activated carbons for CO₂ adsorption were developed from molasses using H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HCl, NaOH, and KOH as activating agents. At the temperature of 0 °C and a pressure of 1 bar, CO₂ adsorption equal to 5.18 mmol/g was achieved over activated carbon obtained by KOH activation. The excellent CO₂ adsorption of M-KOH can be attributed to its high microporosity. However, activated carbon prepared using HCl showed quite high CO₂ adsorption while having very low microporosity. The absence of acid species on the surface promotes CO₂ adsorption over M-HCl. The pore size ranges that are important for CO₂ adsorption at different temperatures were estimated. The higher the adsorption temperature, the more crucial smaller pores were. For 1 bar pressure and temperatures of 0, 10, 20, and 30 °C, the most important were pores equal and below: 0.733, 0.733, 0.679, and 0.536 nm, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Carbon Capture Science & Technology (CCST))

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Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Energies energies	3.252	5.0	2008	15.5 Days	2200 CHF	Submit
Molecules molecules	4.927	5.9	1996	13.4 Days	2300 CHF	Submit
Nanomaterials nanomaterials	5.719	6.6	2011	12.7 Days	2600 CHF	Submit
Separations separations	3.344	2.5	2014	11.6 Days	2000 CHF	Submit
Sustainability sustainability	3.889	5.0	2009	17.7 Days	2200 CHF	Submit

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