World Electric Vehicle Journal

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17 pages, 5995 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Structure Optimized Method Based on AFSA for Soft Magnetic Strips of Inner Double-Layer Shield for Wireless Power Transmission of EV

by Yening Sun, Yao Wei and Yi Tian

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(3), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13030049 - 04 Mar 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1892

Abstract

A structure optimized method based on the artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) for the soft magnetic strips of the inner double-layer shield is proposed in this paper and applied to the coupler of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system of an electrical vehicle [...] Read more.

A structure optimized method based on the artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) for the soft magnetic strips of the inner double-layer shield is proposed in this paper and applied to the coupler of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system of an electrical vehicle (EV). Some structure parameters including length, height, width and distances of the strips are selected to fit their relationships with the coupling coefficient, which directly effects the transfer efficiency of the coupler by the linear fitting method. Based on these relationships, a group of parameters is obtained by the AFSA with the largest coupling coefficient and suitable volume to achieve optimal transfer efficiency without lots of repetitive results of the finite element analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated quantitatively according to the outcomes and comparisons among different structure parameters and algorithms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Modeling and Simulation Technology of E-Mobility)

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11 pages, 5295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inductive Power Transmission System for Electric Car Charging Phase: Modeling plus Frequency Analysis

by Naoui Mohamed, Flah Aymen and Mohammed Alqarni

World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12(4), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040267 - 19 Dec 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2901

Abstract

The effectiveness of inductive power transfer (IPT) presents a serious challenge for improving the global recharge system performance. An electric vehicle (EVs) needs to be charged rapidly and have maximum power when it is charged with wireless technology. Based on various research, the [...] Read more.

The effectiveness of inductive power transfer (IPT) presents a serious challenge for improving the global recharge system performance. An electric vehicle (EVs) needs to be charged rapidly and have maximum power when it is charged with wireless technology. Based on various research, the performance of this recharge system is attached to several points and the frequency resonance is one of those parameters that can influence. In this paper, we try to explore the relationship between the obtained power and the signal input frequency for charging a lithium battery, solve the class imbalance problem and understand the maximum allowed frequency. To obtain the results, a mathematical model was first created to demonstrate the relationship, then the dynamic model was validated and tested using the Matlab Simulink platform. The performance of the worldwide wireless recharging system in terms of frequency variation is depicted in a summary graph. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Modeling and Simulation Technology of E-Mobility)

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22 pages, 11841 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phenomenon Analysis and Improvement of Magnetic Shield Fringe Effect on Wireless Power Transmission of EV

by Yening Sun, Yao Wei and Yi Tian

World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12(4), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040252 - 25 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2250

Abstract

An increment of magnetic field strength inevitably appears at the shield edge if a magnetic shield is made of a soft magnetic material, and that increment becomes more serious if this shield is combined with the chassis of an electrical vehicle (EV). This [...] Read more.

An increment of magnetic field strength inevitably appears at the shield edge if a magnetic shield is made of a soft magnetic material, and that increment becomes more serious if this shield is combined with the chassis of an electrical vehicle (EV). This phenomenon is caused by the fringe effect, which limits the transfer efficiency of the coupler for the wireless power transmission (WPT) systems of EV. This phenomenon, and its relationships with some parameters, are analyzed in this paper, and these relationships are fitted to estimate the increment for different shield structures. A magnetic shield structure to reduce the increment of the magnetic field strength and improve coupler efficiency is herein proposed. The effectiveness and correctness of the fitting curves and the advantages of the proposed shield structure are demonstrated by finite element analyses results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Modeling and Simulation Technology of E-Mobility)

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14 pages, 821 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Overview of Intelligent Vehicle Infrastructure Cooperative Simulation Technology for IoV and Automatic Driving

by Zirui Ding and Junping Xiang

World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12(4), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040222 - 08 Nov 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2733

Abstract

This paper reviews the development of vehicle road collaborative simulation in the new era, and summarizes the simulation characteristics of two core technologies in the field of transportation after entering the era of Intelligent Networking: Internet of Vehicles technology and automatic driving technology. [...] Read more.

This paper reviews the development of vehicle road collaborative simulation in the new era, and summarizes the simulation characteristics of two core technologies in the field of transportation after entering the era of Intelligent Networking: Internet of Vehicles technology and automatic driving technology. This paper analyzes and compares the mainstream Internet of Vehicles (IoV) simulation and automatic driving simulation platforms on the market, deeply analyzes the model-based IoV simulation, and explores a new mode of IoV simulation in the era of big data. According to the latest classification standard of automatic driving in 2020, we summarize the simulation process of automatic driving. Finally, we offer suggestions on the development directions of intelligent network-connected vehicle simulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Modeling and Simulation Technology of E-Mobility)

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22 pages, 7551 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A CNN-Based System for Mobile Robot Navigation in Indoor Environments via Visual Localization with a Small Dataset

by Farzin Foroughi, Zonghai Chen and Jikai Wang

World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12(3), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030134 - 26 Aug 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3143

Abstract

Deep learning has made great advances in the field of image processing, which allows automotive devices to be more widely used in humans’ daily lives than ever before. Nowadays, the mobile robot navigation system is among the hottest topics that researchers are trying [...] Read more.

Deep learning has made great advances in the field of image processing, which allows automotive devices to be more widely used in humans’ daily lives than ever before. Nowadays, the mobile robot navigation system is among the hottest topics that researchers are trying to develop by adopting deep learning methods. In this paper, we present a system that allows the mobile robot to localize and navigate autonomously in the accessible areas of an indoor environment. The proposed system exploits the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model’s advantage to extract data feature maps for image classification and visual localization, which attempts to precisely determine the location region of the mobile robot focusing on the topological maps of the real environment. The system attempts to precisely determine the location region of the mobile robot by integrating the CNN model and topological map of the robot workspace. A dataset with small numbers of images is acquired from the MYNT EYE camera. Furthermore, we introduce a new loss function to tackle the bounded generalization capability of the CNN model in small datasets. The proposed loss function not only considers the probability of the input data when it is allocated to its true class but also considers the probability of allocating the input data to other classes rather than its actual class. We investigate the capability of the proposed system by evaluating the empirical studies based on provided datasets. The results illustrate that the proposed system outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques in terms of accuracy and generalization capability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Modeling and Simulation Technology of E-Mobility)

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16 pages, 4361 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Approach to Complement Model-Based Vehicle Development by Implementing Future Scenarios

by Christian Raulf, Moritz Proff, Tobias Huth and Thomas Vietor

World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12(3), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030097 - 03 Jul 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3450

Abstract

Today, vehicle development is already in a process of substantial transformation. Mobility trends can be derived from global megatrends and have a significant influence on the requirements of the developed vehicles. The sociological, technological, economic, ecological, and political developments can be determined by [...] Read more.

Today, vehicle development is already in a process of substantial transformation. Mobility trends can be derived from global megatrends and have a significant influence on the requirements of the developed vehicles. The sociological, technological, economic, ecological, and political developments can be determined by using the scenario technique. The results are recorded in the form of differently shaped scenarios; however, they are mainly document-based. In order to ensure a holistic approach in the sense of model-based systems engineering and to be able to trace the interrelationships of the fast-changing trends and requirements, it is necessary to implement future scenarios in the system model. For this purpose, a method is proposed that enables the consideration of future scenarios in model-based vehicle development. The procedure of the method is presented, and the location of the future scenarios within the system architectures is named. The method is applied and the resulting system views are derived based on the application example of an autonomous people mover. With the help of the described method, it is possible to show the effects of a change of scenario (e.g., best-case and worst-case) and the connections with the highest level of requirements: stakeholder needs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Modeling and Simulation Technology of E-Mobility)

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17 pages, 4994 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Control Strategy for Parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming

by Ying Tian, Jiaqi Liu, Qiangqiang Yao and Kai Liu

World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12(2), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12020085 - 08 Jun 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3933

Abstract

In this paper, the dynamic programming algorithm is applied to the control strategy design of parallel hybrid electric vehicles. Based on MATLAB/Simulink software, the key component model and controller model of the parallel hybrid system are established, and an offline simulation platform is [...] Read more.

In this paper, the dynamic programming algorithm is applied to the control strategy design of parallel hybrid electric vehicles. Based on MATLAB/Simulink software, the key component model and controller model of the parallel hybrid system are established, and an offline simulation platform is built. Based on the platform, the global optimal control strategy based on the dynamic programming algorithm is studied. The torque distribution rules and shifting rules are analyzed, and the optimal control strategy is adopted to design the control strategy, which effectively improves the fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The fuel consumption rate of this parallel hybrid electric vehicle is based on china city bus cycle (CCBC) condition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Modeling and Simulation Technology of E-Mobility)

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Review

Jump to: Research

18 pages, 6606 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving of Electric Vehicles

by Deyun Dai, Zonghai Chen, Peng Bao and Jikai Wang

World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12(3), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030139 - 30 Aug 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 7366

Abstract

In recent years, electric vehicles have achieved rapid development. Intelligence is one of the important trends to promote the development of electric vehicles. As a result, autonomous driving system is becoming one of the core systems of electric vehicles. Considering that environmental perception [...] Read more.

In recent years, electric vehicles have achieved rapid development. Intelligence is one of the important trends to promote the development of electric vehicles. As a result, autonomous driving system is becoming one of the core systems of electric vehicles. Considering that environmental perception is the basis of intelligent planning and safe decision-making for intelligent vehicles, this paper presents a survey of the existing perceptual methods in vehicles, especially 3D object detection, which guarantees the reliability and safety of vehicles. In this review, we first introduce the role of perceptual module in autonomous driving system and a relationship with other modules. Then, we classify and analyze the corresponding perception methods based on the different sensors. Finally, we compare the performance of the surveyed works on public datasets and discuss the possible future research interests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Modeling and Simulation Technology of E-Mobility)

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