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Active Voltage and Frequency Support Control by the EV, New...
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Active Voltage and Frequency Support Control by the EV, New Energy and Energy Storages

A special issue of World Electric Vehicle Journal (ISSN 2032-6653).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 7280

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiangjun Quan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China
2. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Technology and Equipment, Nanjing 210018, China
Interests: advanced power electronics control; grid synchronization; renewable energy integration and smart grids; grid-forming and lower-inertia system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tao Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Interests: electricity market; demand side management; data analytics; reinforcement learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the proposal of the ‘carbon peak’ and ‘carbon neutrality’ policy, constructing a new type of renewable-integrated power systems has become the main direction of future development. In this context, large-scale renewable energies are integrated into power systems through power electronic devices, bringing a series of new frequency and voltage characteristics, i.e., reduced inertia, weakened frequency regulation ability and fast voltage dynamic, which are different from traditional power systems. Frequency and voltage stability has gradually become an important factor restricting the increase in penetration rate of renewables in power systems. However, the abundant controllable resources, such as EV and renewable energies, supply sufficient regulation space. Moreover, the high controllability and flexible power control methods of power electronic devices can provide new ways for system frequency control. This Special Issue, “Active Voltage and Frequency Support Control by the EV, New Energy and Energy Storages”, aims to explore the potential of electric vehicles (EVS) and new energy sources in providing frequency and voltage support and virtual inertia to the power grid. Displacement of conventional generation via converter-connected resources reduces the available rotational inertia in the power system, which leads to faster frequency dynamics and less stable frequency behavior. EVs can represent a reliable solution for enhancing frequency stability due to their fast response and ability to provide a large amount of aggregated power. New energy sources such as wind and solar can also contribute to frequency regulation by adjusting their output according to grid conditions. Energy storage systems can be used to store excess energy and release it when needed to balance supply and demand. This Special Issue invites original research papers that address the challenges and opportunities of frequency support control by EVs and new energy sources, such as:

  • Modeling and analysis of voltage/frequency dynamics in low inertia power systems.
  • Design and implementation of innovative control algorithms, such as grid-forming control, for EVs and new energy sources to provide virtual inertia, damping, and voltage frequency support.
  • Control design for synchronization stability improvement by the EVs and new energy sources.
  • Coordinated control of EV charging stations, grid-tied inverters, and energy storage systems for grid voltage and frequency support.
  • EV, New Energy and Energy Storages integration-based power electronic transformer: design and control.
  • EV, New Energy and Energy Storages integration-based AC/DC micro-grid.
  • Impact assessment of EVs and new energy sources on grid frequency stability and reliability.
  • Optimization and management of EVs and new energy sources for frequency support.
  • Case studies and experimental validation of frequency support control by EVs and new energy sources.

This Special Issue welcomes papers that present novel theoretical, computational, or experimental results that advance the state of the art in frequency support control by EVs and new energy sources.

Dr. Xiangjun Quan
Dr. Tao Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. World Electric Vehicle Journal is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7305 KiB  
Article
Research on Operation Characteristics of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor at Zero and Low Speeds Based on Pulse Vibration High-Frequency Injection Method
by Jianfei Wang, Hua Fan, Kai Liu and Xu Liu
World Electr. Veh. J. 2024, 15(4), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040157 - 09 Apr 2024
Viewed by 359
Abstract
In order to reduce costs, compress space, and improve system stability under harsh operating conditions, the current vehicle motor drive systems often use position sensorless control methods. However, due to the introduction of filters and the hysteresis of position observers, the position sensorless [...] Read more.
In order to reduce costs, compress space, and improve system stability under harsh operating conditions, the current vehicle motor drive systems often use position sensorless control methods. However, due to the introduction of filters and the hysteresis of position observers, the position sensorless control has the problem of deteriorating dynamic performance when vehicles start from zero and low speeds or their loads change. Therefore, this article focuses on the problem of position sensorless control applied by permanent magnet synchronous motors when vehicles start and operate at zero and low speed. Combined with high-frequency pulse vibration injection method, the relationship between the types of position observers, parameter selection, and position tracking performance is analyzed and compared. The short-pulse injection method is proposed to locate the initial position of the motor, overcoming the inherent 180° position deviation of pulse vibration high-frequency injections. Subsequently, the impact of the amplitude and frequency of the injected high-frequency signal on the performance of position estimation is focused on. Considering the adverse effects caused by the phase delay of the filter, a design method for filter parameters is proposed to achieve a smooth start and operation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor under position sensorless control. Finally, the rationality of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the adopted methods are fully verified through simulation and experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Voltage and Frequency Support Control by the EV, New Energy and Energy Storages)
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14 pages, 6591 KiB  
Article
Stochastic Optimization of an Electric Bus Dynamic Wireless Charging System
by Xingzheng Zhu, Hua Fan, Shiyao Zhang and Jiao Du
World Electr. Veh. J. 2024, 15(4), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040137 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 610
Abstract
The Electric Bus Dynamic Wireless Charging (EB-DWC) system is a bus charging system that enables electric buses to receive power wirelessly from ground-based electromagnetic induction devices. In this system, how to optimally configure the charging infrastructures while considering the unpredictable nature of bus [...] Read more.
The Electric Bus Dynamic Wireless Charging (EB-DWC) system is a bus charging system that enables electric buses to receive power wirelessly from ground-based electromagnetic induction devices. In this system, how to optimally configure the charging infrastructures while considering the unpredictable nature of bus movement is a great challenge. This paper presents an optimization problem for an EB-DWC system in urban settings, addressing stochastic elements inherent in the vehicle speed, initial charging state, and dwell time at bus stops. We formulate a stochastic planning problem for the EB-DWC system by integrating these uncertainties and apply Monte Carlo sampling techniques to effectively solve this problem. The proposed method can improve the system’s robustness effectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Voltage and Frequency Support Control by the EV, New Energy and Energy Storages)
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13 pages, 4904 KiB  
Article
High-Reliability Rotor Position Detection Method for Sensorless Control of Synchronous Condenser
by Xiangjian Shi, Teng Liu, Wei Mu and Jianfeng Zhao
World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(10), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14100299 - 21 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1986
Abstract
Static frequency converters (SFCs) are very important for starting the connection of synchronous capacitors to the power grid, which is beneficial for ensuring the impact of electric vehicle connection on the inertia of the power grid. In the traditional sensorless initial rotor position [...] Read more.
Static frequency converters (SFCs) are very important for starting the connection of synchronous capacitors to the power grid, which is beneficial for ensuring the impact of electric vehicle connection on the inertia of the power grid. In the traditional sensorless initial rotor position detection method, the signal-to-noise ratio of the induced voltage at the machine terminal is small, making it difficult to accurately extract the rotor position. In this study, a reliable initial position detection method for a sensorless-controlled synchronous machine drive is proposed. A step excitation voltage was applied to the excitation circuit before the motor was started, and the three-phase induction voltage at the terminals was sampled in real time. The sampling signal was processed in two ways: digital filter processing and stator flux calculation. The accuracy of the initial rotor position is determined by comparing the differences between the two results. This algorithm does not depend on additional hardware circuits and has fewer setting parameters; therefore, it is easy to apply in engineering applications. Finally, a comparative experiment was conducted using a real-time digital system (RTDS) to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed rotor position detection method can effectively improve the detection reliability and ensure the start-up reliability of SFCS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Voltage and Frequency Support Control by the EV, New Energy and Energy Storages)
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13 pages, 4963 KiB  
Article
Admittance Criterion of Medium-Voltage DC Distribution Power System and Corresponding Small Signal Stability Analysis
by Jinggang Yang, Jianhua Wang, Xiaokuan Jin, Shuo Li, Xiaolong Xiao and Zaijun Wu
World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(9), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14090235 - 28 Aug 2023
Viewed by 880
Abstract
Aiming at the stability of a medium-voltage DC network based on a modular multilevel converter (MMC), this paper proposes an admittance stability criterion considering the influence of current-limiting inductors at the medium voltage side, which prevents the complex products and matrix calculations of [...] Read more.
Aiming at the stability of a medium-voltage DC network based on a modular multilevel converter (MMC), this paper proposes an admittance stability criterion considering the influence of current-limiting inductors at the medium voltage side, which prevents the complex products and matrix calculations of traditional criteria. The DC admittance model DC transformers (DCTs) under different working modes are then established based on Thevenin/Norton equivalent circuit methods to analyze the stability of the DC system based on the proposed admittance stability criterion, which proves that the voltage resonance problem at the medium voltage side can be improved by adding active damping control strategies on DCTs also proves the effectiveness of the proposed stability criterion. The time-domain simulation and the hardware-in-loop simulation are then built in PLECS and RT Box to further verify the correctness of the system stability analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed admittance criterion, which provides a theoretical basis and technical reserve for the stable operation of the DC distribution power system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Voltage and Frequency Support Control by the EV, New Energy and Energy Storages)
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13 pages, 4750 KiB  
Article
A Novel Method for Parameter Identification of Renewable Energy Resources based on Quantum Particle Swarm–Extreme Learning Machine
by Baojun Xu, Yanhe Yin, Junjie Yu, Guohao Li, Zhuohuan Li and Duotong Yang
World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(8), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080225 - 16 Aug 2023
Viewed by 946
Abstract
Accurately determining load model parameters is of the utmost importance for conducting power system simulation analysis and designing effective control strategies. Measurement-based approaches are commonly employed to identify load model parameters that closely reflect the actual operating conditions. However, these methods typically rely [...] Read more.
Accurately determining load model parameters is of the utmost importance for conducting power system simulation analysis and designing effective control strategies. Measurement-based approaches are commonly employed to identify load model parameters that closely reflect the actual operating conditions. However, these methods typically rely on iterative parameter search processes, which can be time-consuming, particularly when dealing with complex models. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a parameter identification method for the generalized synthetic load model (SLM) using the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) technique, with the aim of enhancing computational efficiency. Furthermore, to achieve better alignment with load response curves, a Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm is adopted to train the ELM model. The proposed QPSO-ELM-based SLM parameter identification method is subsequently evaluated using a standard test system. To assess its effectiveness, parameter sensitivity analysis is performed, and simulation results are analyzed. The findings demonstrate that the proposed method yields favorable outcomes, offering improved computation efficiency in load model parameter identification tasks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Voltage and Frequency Support Control by the EV, New Energy and Energy Storages)
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14 pages, 2127 KiB  
Article
Carbon Market Trading Mechanisms Considering Multi-Layer Reactive Power Compensation
by Haiyun An, Xiang Jin, Qian Zhou, Bingcheng Cen, Tong Zhu and Yifei Wang
World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(8), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080204 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1225
Abstract
In the context of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, focusing on coordinated efficiency in loss and carbon reduction, and promoting comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development are critical strategies. Line loss is an economic and technical indicator for measuring [...] Read more.
In the context of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, focusing on coordinated efficiency in loss and carbon reduction, and promoting comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development are critical strategies. Line loss is an economic and technical indicator for measuring losses in a power system, and loss reduction is one of the important ways to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals in the power system. However, with the continuous increase in the power grid scale and the increasingly complex operation mode of the system, it is difficult to clearly quantify the carbon reduction benefits brought by system loss reduction. In order to synergize grid loss reduction and system carbon reduction, and generate economic and environmental benefits at the same time, this paper proposes a carbon market trading model that considers multi-layer reactive power compensation strategies. Based on the carbon emission flow model, a node carbon cost pricing is formed, and multi-layer reactive power compensation measures are set in the distribution network nodes to obtain an optimal loss reduction strategy, with the carbon market trading cost minimization as the objective. The effectiveness of the model is verified by simulating and analyzing four scenarios. Compared with the original system that does not consider carbon trading and reactive compensation, the model proposed in this paper can reduce losses by 20% and reduce carbon emissions by 5.7%. This paper is of great value for reactive power loss reduction management in distribution networks of a low-carbon background. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Voltage and Frequency Support Control by the EV, New Energy and Energy Storages)
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