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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Water Resources Engineering toward Environmental...
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Water Resources Engineering toward Environmental Sustainability

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "New Sensors, New Technologies and Machine Learning in Water Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2022) | Viewed by 18388

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hao Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory for Applied Earth Observation and Spatial Analysis (LAEOSA), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Interests: climate change; remote sensing; spatial analysis; statistical modeling; machine learning; urbanization; sustainable development; urban planning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xiaoying Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Interests: watershed; water environment simulation; watershed pollution control; climate change and watershed water security; SWAT; phosphorous; pollution source composition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Essentially, water resources sustain the functionality of ecosystems, which is particularly vital for the human-dominated ecosystem that faces the challenges of natural hazards (e.g., flooding and drought) and artificial results (e.g., water pollution, waterlogging). Therefore, managing water resources and associated risks urgently requires a wide range of practical tools and knowledge libraries to better understand the above-mentioned issues and respond promptly. Today, combined with both  mature and newly emerging spatial models, geographic information systems (GIS) has been widely employed to depict the spatiotemporal patterns of water resources and related risks and evaluate the impacts of water resource engineering on natural and human-dominated ecosystems.

This Special Issue welcomes insightful manuscripts introducing novel theories and practical approaches for reconciling the conflict between operating water resource engineering projects and achieving environmental sustainability across a multiple scales. Further, looking beyond the narrow scope of water supply/distribution and drainage systems, the environmental consequences of water resource engineering systems, such as  soil erosion, water stress, changes in surface heat flux and the urban heat island should be emphasized. 

We hope that this Special Issue will serve as the platform for addressing the emerging issues and latest advances in this research domain and discussing the potential of new theories/methods for effective problem solving.

Dr. Hao Zhang
Dr. Xiaoying Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • spatial analysis
  • GIS modelling
  • hydrological process
  • water resource
  • water resource engineering
  • impact analysis
  • natural hazard
  • water pollution
  • sustainability

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 21115 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Riverbank Erosion Hotspots along the Mekong River in Cambodia Using Remote Sensing and Hazard Exposure Mapping
by Theara Tha, Thanapon Piman, Dhyey Bhatpuria and Piyatida Ruangrassamee
Water 2022, 14(13), 1981; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14131981 - 21 Jun 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4761
Abstract
The large-scale monitoring of riverbank erosion is challenging because of human, equipment, and financial limitations, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to detect riverbank erosion and identify riverbank erosion hotspots along the Mekong River in Cambodia. A riverbank erosion rate map was [...] Read more.
The large-scale monitoring of riverbank erosion is challenging because of human, equipment, and financial limitations, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to detect riverbank erosion and identify riverbank erosion hotspots along the Mekong River in Cambodia. A riverbank erosion rate map was developed using satellite images from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 (1990–2020) using the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) at a resolution of 30 m and Sentinel-2 (2016–2021) using the normalized difference water index (NDWI) at a resolution of 10 m. Detecting riverbanks in satellite images using a water index depends greatly on image resolution and water threshold. The riverbank lines were validated using Google Earth images. In the data used in December 2017, the root mean square error (RMSE) of Sentinel-2 was 6.00 m, while the RMSE of Landsat was 6.04 m. In the data used in January 2019, the RMSE of Sentinel-2 was 4.12 m, while the RMSE of Landsat was 5.90 m. The hotspots were identified by overlaying the riverbank erosion rate map and the exposure map of population density and land cover. Field surveys and interviews were conducted to verify riverbank erosion hotspots in the Ruessei Srok and Kaoh Soutin communes. The results showed that within the last 30 years (1990–2020), the riverbank eroded more than 1 km in a direction perpendicular to the river in some segments of the Mekong River in Cambodia. The highest average annual erosion rate was in the Ruessei Srok Commune in Kampong Cham Province, at approximately 43 m/yr. Most eroded areas were farmland and rural residential areas. The riverbank hotspots are situated mainly in the lower part of the Mekong River, where the population is dense, and the erosion rate is high. Riverbank erosion hotspots with a very high impact level and ongoing active erosion include the Peam Kaoh Sna, Kampong Reab, Kaoh Soutin, and Ruessei Srok communes in Kampong Cham Province. This study provides an efficient tool for using satellite images to identify riverbank erosion hotpots in a large river basin. The riverbank erosion hotspot map is essential for decision-makers to prioritize interventions to reduce the risk of riverbank erosion and to improve the livelihood of the people residing along the Mekong River. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Water Resources Engineering toward Environmental Sustainability)
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18 pages, 4955 KiB  
Article
Investigate the Difference of Cooling Effect between Water Bodies and Green Spaces: The Study of Fuzhou, China
by Yuan-Bin Cai, Zi-Jing Wu, Yan-Hong Chen, Lei Wu and Wen-Bin Pan
Water 2022, 14(9), 1471; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14091471 - 04 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2647
Abstract
The urban heat island (UHI) effect will persist for a long time and influence human health, energy consumption, and future urban planning. Understanding the cooling effect of water bodies and green spaces can help alleviate the frequency of extreme climate, especially during torridity [...] Read more.
The urban heat island (UHI) effect will persist for a long time and influence human health, energy consumption, and future urban planning. Understanding the cooling effect of water bodies and green spaces can help alleviate the frequency of extreme climate, especially during torridity seasons. In this study, correlation and regression analysis were used to measure the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) or cooling indicators and landscape factors. In addition, the cooling intensity, distance, and threshold value of efficiency (TVoE) of water bodies and green spaces were detected. The results confirmed that: first, the cooling effect of water bodies were stronger than that of vegetation in most cases and more water bodies’ layout in the region was advocated; second, increasing vegetation coverage within 27% of the region can effectively and economically alleviate the thermal environment; and third, the green samples with an area of 0.57 ha and a high vegetation index had a higher cost performance ratio. The results provided quantitative guidance for urban public service spatial planning of water bodies and green spaces to prevent the continuous increase of urban background temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Water Resources Engineering toward Environmental Sustainability)
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16 pages, 9416 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Palm Jumeirah Island’s Construction Effects on the Surrounding Water Quality and Surface Temperatures during 2001–2020
by Mohammad Mansourmoghaddam, Hamid Reza Ghafarian Malamiri, Iman Rousta, Haraldur Olafsson and Hao Zhang
Water 2022, 14(4), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14040634 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 9843
Abstract
Climate change stressors like rising and warmer seas, increased storms and droughts, and acidifying oceans are rapidly threatening coastal zones, which are the world’s most densely inhabited places. This research assesses the effects of Palm Jumeirah Island (PJI) construction on its surrounding water [...] Read more.
Climate change stressors like rising and warmer seas, increased storms and droughts, and acidifying oceans are rapidly threatening coastal zones, which are the world’s most densely inhabited places. This research assesses the effects of Palm Jumeirah Island (PJI) construction on its surrounding water quality and temperature, using Landsat-7 and 8 spectral and thermal bands for the years 2001, 2014, 2016, 2019, and 2020. To aid in this goal, the changes in water spectral reflectance was observed and interpreted, based on previous research and measurements, to discover the correlation between water quality and its spectral reflectance. Then, the sea surface temperature (SST) was calculated for the years under review and changes in water temperature were evaluated. Finally, the Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) and the Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) were calculated to estimate water chlorophyll levels and water turbidity, respectively, and changes were observed and interpreted for the time period under review. The present study showed that the PJI construction not only increased the water reflectance in the 0.5–0.8 µm of wavelength, which can be considered to be the increase of suspended sediments and chlorophyll but the water temperature also increased by 7.5 °C during the 19 years. In addition, a gradual increase in the values of GNDVI (by 0.097–0.129) and NDTI (by 0.118~0.172) were observed. A drop in chlorophyll and suspended sediment spectral reflectance and GNDVI and NDTI values were also observed in 2020 compared to 2019 which can be attributed to the 63 to 82% decrease in tourists in Dubai in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to draw attention to environmental issues by clarifying the effect of creating artificial islands in the sea and our analysis and results are a suitable reference for specialized hydrological and environmental studies based on spectral information and distance measurements, as presented in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Water Resources Engineering toward Environmental Sustainability)
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