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Water
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Effects of Xenobiotics on Freshwater Organisms—the Symbiotic Approach
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Effects of Xenobiotics on Freshwater Organisms—the Symbiotic Approach

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Biodiversity and Functionality of Aquatic Ecosystems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 4595

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Goran Kovačević

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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: symbiosis; biodiversity; evolution; ecotoxicology; education
Dr. Davor Željěžić

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Guest Editor
Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: genotoxic effect; occupational exposure; pesticides; organic pollutants
Dr. Petra Korać

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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: tumor biology; molecular pathology; medical genetics; cell biology; genomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue of Water is to present state-of-the-art knowledge on symbiotic interactions within freshwater biome along with the impact of abiotic environment on freshwater ecosystems, as well as urban and anthropogenic effects on functionality of freshwater organisms. Papers studying the subject’s applications for educational purposes are encouraged. Studies of xenobiotics’ effects on freshwater symbiotic interactions including a holobiont principle are of particular focus. The implementation of a general or applied biological approach and multidisciplinary approaches are welcome. Studies should aim to report results of ecotoxicological research from the field or controlled laboratory environments that refer to particular freshwater species, populations, and their symbiotic relationships. They should deal with modes and mechanisms of their responses to changes in environmental conditions or to the presence of natural/anthropogenic stressors. The results may be recorded at the biodiversity level or microscopically, including morphometric and histological changes, adverse impact on physiological processes, effects at the cellular and subcellular levels, e.g., oxidative stress, cytotoxicity or genotoxicity, and protective responses, as well as at the level of eDNA. This Special Issue should emphasize the symbiotic approach in freshwater research in relation to the changing environment and represent a step towards a better and healthier world we live in.

Prof. Dr. Goran Kovačević
Dr. Davor Željěžić
Dr. Petra Korać
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • symbiosis
  • freshwater biodiversity
  • ecotoxicology
  • anthropogenic stressors
  • microscopy
  • histomorphometry
  • oxidative stress
  • eDNA
  • cyto/genotoxicity
  • education

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4440 KiB  
Article
Effects of Norflurazon and UV Radiation on Symbiotic and Free-Living Hydra
by Goran Kovačević, Ana Matijević, Petra Korać, Davor Želježić, Siegfried Reipert, Katarina Caput Mihalić, Damir Sirovina, Petra Peharec Štefanić and Martina Ivšić
Water 2024, 16(5), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050645 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 760
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to document the freshwater symbiotic interactions along with the impact of the abiotic environment and anthropogenic effects on the functionality of freshwater organisms. Symbiotic green hydra (Z) and free-living brown hydra (S), either separately or both species together, [...] Read more.
In this study, we aimed to document the freshwater symbiotic interactions along with the impact of the abiotic environment and anthropogenic effects on the functionality of freshwater organisms. Symbiotic green hydra (Z) and free-living brown hydra (S), either separately or both species together, were treated with the herbicide norflurazon in concentrations of 2 × 10−6 mol/L (N6) and 2 × 10−7 mol/L (N7) for 72 h. Also, hydras were treated with both norflurazon and UV radiation at a wavelength of 254 nm for 2 min or were irradiated only. The next part of the experiment was performed in the same way but with added suspensions of isolated endosymbiotic alga, free-living alga, or both algae together. Mortality, migration, tentacle and tissue damage, changes in the thickness of the mesoglea of hydras, and clustering of algae were monitored. Green hydra generally showed lower rates of migration, and mortality was observed only in green hydra exposed to UV radiation. Tentacle damage was more pronounced in green hydra and included a specific fork-like structure. The use of cryofixation and TEM enabled us to partly elucidate the effect of clustering of algae. In summary, our study provides new insights into the influence of different environmental stressors and their combination on symbiotic and free-living freshwater hydras and algae and a better understanding of interactions in freshwater ecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Xenobiotics on Freshwater Organisms—the Symbiotic Approach)
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17 pages, 5368 KiB  
Article
Ecotoxicological Effects of Sodium Metasilicate on Two Hydra Species, Hydra viridissima Pallas, 1766 and Hydra oligactis Pallas, 1766
by Goran Kovačević, Romana Gračan and Sanja Gottstein
Water 2023, 15(24), 4228; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244228 - 08 Dec 2023
Viewed by 3656
Abstract
Sodium metasilicate (SM) is a synthetic hazardous water-soluble salt used in industry as an active ingredient in household cleaning products. The impact of SM on the aquatic environment has been discussed worldwide, but its toxicity has not been well documented and researched. Studies [...] Read more.
Sodium metasilicate (SM) is a synthetic hazardous water-soluble salt used in industry as an active ingredient in household cleaning products. The impact of SM on the aquatic environment has been discussed worldwide, but its toxicity has not been well documented and researched. Studies have only been performed on a handful of aquatic organisms: algae, plants, blackworms, water fleas, dipteran larvae, and two fish species. Hydra is a simple freshwater cnidarian with diploblastic organisation, where all the cells are in permanent contact with the surrounding aqueous media, and represents a sensitive model organism for environmental toxicity assessments. This research aimed to determine and compare the effect of SM on the morphology, excitability, and behaviour of green and brown hydra and endosymbiotic microalgae as a microbiome of green hydra. The hydras were treated with four sublethal SM concentrations (0.050, 0.365, 0.380, and 0.390 g/L) for 72 h. Standard preparations were made for the cyto-histological analysis of green hydra, and damaged cellular layers and mesoglea and a changed distribution of microalgae were recorded. The SM caused muted responses to mechanical stimuli and damage to the tentacles in both hydra species. The changes were more pronounced in brown hydra, while green hydra showed better adaptability to unfavourable environmental conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Xenobiotics on Freshwater Organisms—the Symbiotic Approach)
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