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Advances in River Hydraulic Characterization
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Advances in River Hydraulic Characterization

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 14884

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Samuele De Bartolo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
Interests: rivers; engineering, applied and computational mathematics; nonlinear dynamics; mathematical modelling; hydraulics; conductivity; analysis; wastewater treatment; civil engineering; statistical analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The characterization of river hydraulics is a very important to the definition of problems concerning flood models and the stability of banks. These aspects are closely related to the scale of observation of hydraulic phenomena. The latter has significant value both at the channel and basin scale. This coupling of scales is now possible thanks to modern LiDAR detection techniques, in which topographic surveys are predominant. This Special Issue aims to emphasize new numerical techniques in the field of hydraulic observations. This framework represents a new paradigm towards the development of computational procedures for the spatio-temporal scale representation of complex hydraulic phenomena.

Dr. Samuele De Bartolo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydraulic characterization of rivers
  • channel and basin scales
  • scaling laws

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 136 KiB  
Editorial
Advances in River Hydraulic Characterization
by Samuele De Bartolo
Water 2022, 14(7), 1125; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14071125 - 01 Apr 2022
Viewed by 1319
Abstract
The characterization of river hydraulics is very important for the definition of many problems connected with flood and morphodynamical models, including the stability of banks, slopes and sediments transport [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in River Hydraulic Characterization)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

19 pages, 3051 KiB  
Article
Effects of DEM Depression Filling on River Drainage Patterns and Surface Runoff Generated by 2D Rain-on-Grid Scenarios
by Pierfranco Costabile, Carmelina Costanzo, Claudio Gandolfi, Fabiola Gangi and Daniele Masseroni
Water 2022, 14(7), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14070997 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2915
Abstract
Topographic depressions in Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) have been traditionally seen as a feature to be removed as no outward flow direction is available to route and accumulate flows. Therefore, to simplify hydrologic analysis for practical purposes, the common approach treated all depressions [...] Read more.
Topographic depressions in Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) have been traditionally seen as a feature to be removed as no outward flow direction is available to route and accumulate flows. Therefore, to simplify hydrologic analysis for practical purposes, the common approach treated all depressions in DEMs as artefacts and completely removed them in DEMs’ data preprocessing prior to modelling. However, the effects of depression filling on both the geomorphic structure of the river network and surface runoff is still not clear. The use of two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic modeling to track inundation patterns has the potential to provide novel point of views on this issue. Specifically, there is no need to remove topographic depression from DEM, as performed in the use of traditional methods for the automatic extraction of river networks, so that their effects can be directly taken into account in simulated drainage patterns and in the associated hydrologic response. The novelty introduced in this work is the evaluation of the effects of DEM depression filling on both the structure of the net-points characterizing the simulated networks and the hydrologic response of the watersheds to simplified rainfall scenarios. The results highlight how important these effects might be in practical applications, providing new insights in the field of watershed-scale modeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in River Hydraulic Characterization)
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16 pages, 1897 KiB  
Article
A Hybrid MPI-OpenMP Parallel Algorithm for the Assessment of the Multifractal Spectrum of River Networks
by Leonardo Primavera and Emilia Florio
Water 2021, 13(21), 3122; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213122 - 05 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1710
Abstract
The possibility to create a flood wave in a river network depends on the geometric properties of the river basin. Among the models that try to forecast the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) of rainfall precipitation, the so-called Multifractal Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (MIUH) rather [...] Read more.
The possibility to create a flood wave in a river network depends on the geometric properties of the river basin. Among the models that try to forecast the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) of rainfall precipitation, the so-called Multifractal Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (MIUH) rather successfully connects the multifractal properties of the river basin to the observed IUH. Such properties can be assessed through different types of analysis (fixed-size algorithm, correlation integral, fixed-mass algorithm, sandbox algorithm, and so on). The fixed-mass algorithm is the one that produces the most precise estimate of the properties of the multifractal spectrum that are relevant for the MIUH model. However, a disadvantage of this method is that it requires very long computational times to produce the best possible results. In a previous work, we proposed a parallel version of the fixed-mass algorithm, which drastically reduced the computational times almost proportionally to the number of Central Processing Unit (CPU) cores available on the computational machine by using the Message Passing Interface (MPI), which is a standard for distributed memory clusters. In the present work, we further improved the code in order to include the use of the Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) paradigm to facilitate the execution and improve the computational speed-up on single processor, multi-core workstations, which are much more common than multi-node clusters. Moreover, the assessment of the multifractal spectrum has also been improved through a direct computation method. Currently, to the best of our knowledge, this code represents the state-of-the-art for a fast evaluation of the multifractal properties of a river basin, and it opens up a new scenario for an effective flood forecast in reasonable computational times. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in River Hydraulic Characterization)
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21 pages, 6669 KiB  
Article
Hydro-Morphological Assessment of Dittaino River, Eastern Sicily, Italy
by Feliciana Licciardello, Salvatore Barbagallo, Salvatore M. Muratore, Attilio Toscano, Emanuela R. Giuffrida and Giuseppe L. Cirelli
Water 2021, 13(18), 2499; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13182499 - 11 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2305
Abstract
The present conditions of the Dittaino River were investigated by using tools addressing different components of the IDRAIM (stream hydro-morphological evaluation, analysis, and monitoring system) procedure. After the segmentation of the river, the Morphological Quality Index (MQI) and the Morphological Dynamic Index (MDI) [...] Read more.
The present conditions of the Dittaino River were investigated by using tools addressing different components of the IDRAIM (stream hydro-morphological evaluation, analysis, and monitoring system) procedure. After the segmentation of the river, the Morphological Quality Index (MQI) and the Morphological Dynamic Index (MDI) were assessed to analyze its morphological quality and to classify the degree of channel dynamics related to progressive changes occurring in the relative long-term (i.e., 50–100 years), respectively. The results show that 45% and 22% of the analyzed reaches (mainly located in highest zones of the hydrographic network) were, respectively, of high and good quality. The MQI class decreased to good and then to moderate in the downstream direction, and two reaches were of poor class. The highest MDI classes were also mainly identified in the highest zones of the hydrographic network. Some limitations (i.e., the elevated number of indicators, as well as their simplification) and strengths (i.e., the easy applicability to a large number of reaches) were identified during the application of the MQI method to the Dittaino River. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in River Hydraulic Characterization)
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12 pages, 3553 KiB  
Article
An Experimental Study on the Influence of Drastically Varying Discharge Ratios on Bed Topography and Flow Structure at Urban Channel Confluences
by Zhiyuan Zhang and Yuqing Lin
Water 2021, 13(9), 1147; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091147 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1926
Abstract
The confluences of rivers are important nodes for energy conversion and material transport in the river network. A slight morphological alteration of the confluences may trigger the “butterfly effect”, which will bring about changes in the ecology and environment of the entire river [...] Read more.
The confluences of rivers are important nodes for energy conversion and material transport in the river network. A slight morphological alteration of the confluences may trigger the “butterfly effect”, which will bring about changes in the ecology and environment of the entire river network. During the transition period of the wet and dry seasons, the variation of discharge ratio will make the originally balanced river bed change again, which will bring a series of follow-up effects. This research mainly studied the features of water flow itself and results showed that the variation of discharge ratio caused secondary erosion of the balanced bed surface and transported the sediment downstream. Thus, the zone of maximum velocity was enlarged and the maximum flow velocity at the equal discharge was reduced, and more intense vortex and turbulence were generated. The lateral velocity, vertical velocity, and turbulent structure were mainly controlled by the quantity and ratio of the discharge, and the varying topography only played a minor role in local areas. Nowadays, some scholars have been studying the combination of flow field features and various environmental substances and biological habitats, and the basic work done in this article has laid the foundation for these studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in River Hydraulic Characterization)
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12 pages, 2574 KiB  
Article
Effect of Physical Factors on the Growth of Chlorella Vulgaris on Enriched Media Using the Methods of Orthogonal Analysis and Response Surface Methodology
by Lile He, Yongcan Chen, Xuefei Wu, Shu Chen, Jing Liu and Qiongfang Li
Water 2020, 12(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010034 - 20 Dec 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3471
Abstract
In addition to chemical factors, physical conditions also play a key role in the growth of microalgae. In this study, solid sediment in rivers was simulated by pure quartz sand with different particle sizes and the physical effects of disturbance rate, solid–liquid ratio [...] Read more.
In addition to chemical factors, physical conditions also play a key role in the growth of microalgae. In this study, solid sediment in rivers was simulated by pure quartz sand with different particle sizes and the physical effects of disturbance rate, solid–liquid ratio and particle size on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) were investigated through orthogonal analysis and response surface methodology (RSM) during co-cultivation of C. vulgaris and sediment. The result of ANOVA in orthogonal analysis showed that the effect ability of a single factor on biomass can be ranked as disturbance rate > particle size > solid–liquid ratio, 100 r/min disturbance rate and 30–40 M particle size are the most significant at the 0.05 level. Furthermore, the specific growth rate can reach 0.25/d and 0.27/d, respectively. With the growth of C. vulgaris, the pH of the solution reached a maximum of 10.7 in a week. The results from the RSM showed that strong interactions are reflected in the combinations of disturbance rate and solid–liquid ratio, and disturbance rate and particle size. Ramp desirability of the biomass indicates that the optimum levels of the three variables are 105 r/min disturbance rate, 0.117 g/mL solid–liquid ratio and 30–40 M particle size. In this case, the biomass can grow seven times in a week with 0.27/d specific growth rate and a pH value of 7–10.4. This study shows that the growth of C. vulgaris can be regulated by changing physical conditions simultaneously, and the optimization of physical conditions can be applied to biomass production, algae prediction and acid water treatment in rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in River Hydraulic Characterization)
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