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Water
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Cold Region Hydrology and Hydraulics
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Cold Region Hydrology and Hydraulics

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 3601

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jueyi Sui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
Interests: local scour; sediment transport; river ice hydraulics; fluvial hydraulics; vegetated channel; snow hydrology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yuntong She

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
Interests: computational hydraulics, with a specific interest in the areas of river ice engineering, freeze-up and breakup processes; river ice jam flood forecasting; winter water quality; sediment transport; urban drainage system; oil pipeline system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ice and snow play an important role in the hydrological cycle of cold regions and have great implications for both water quantity and quality. The presence of ice in natural water bodies such as rivers and lakes can lead to a variety of challenges for public safety, the operation and maintenance of water infrastructures, winter transportation and navigation, as well as environmental and aquatic ecosystems.  Snowpack acts as a temporary reservoir in a watershed by regulating the timing and rate of water release. Snowmelt due to increasing temperature in spring, accelerated by rain-on-snow events, may lead to disastrous flooding.

Over the past half century, with the growing interest in cold region hydrology and hydraulics, significant progress has been made. Many cutting-edge studies on all aspects of river ice hydraulics, fluvial hydraulics under ice-covered flow condition, and snow hydrology, have been published. However, to help researchers continue this innovative research work in the right direction, a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of river ice on fluvial hydraulics, the generation of flow from snowmelt, or the rain-on-snow process, is required.

This Special Issue calls for renewed contributions that improve the knowledge of this theme, including—but not limited to—river ice hydraulics, the effects of ice on mixing and transport, ice-induced deformation of the riverbed, the impacts of river ice on the operation of hydropower plants and other water infrastructure, watershed study and hydrological modeling in cold regions, and the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities on ice processes. Research regarding channel navigation in cold regions and the impacts of ice and snow on environmental and aquatic systems are also welcome.

Dr. Jueyi Sui
Dr. Yuntong She
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • river ice
  • lake ice
  • ice jam
  • ice flooding
  • snow hydrology
  • rain-on-snow
  • cold regions

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4869 KiB  
Article
Characteristics and Influence Rules of Roadside Ponding along the Qinghai–Tibet Highway
by Fuqing Cui, Yu Zhu, Xiaona Liu, Jianbing Chen, Ke Mu and Zhiyun Liu
Water 2024, 16(7), 954; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16070954 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 484
Abstract
Due to climate change and seasonal precipitation, water conditions in the Qinghai–Tibet region are a significant factor affecting the stability of subgrades. The accumulation of large amounts of surface water leads to subgrade diseases along the Qinghai–Tibet Highway. Based on remote sensing photos [...] Read more.
Due to climate change and seasonal precipitation, water conditions in the Qinghai–Tibet region are a significant factor affecting the stability of subgrades. The accumulation of large amounts of surface water leads to subgrade diseases along the Qinghai–Tibet Highway. Based on remote sensing photos obtained from Google Earth Engine and processing the photos using ENVI 5.6.3 and CAD 2019 software, this paper analyzed the distribution characteristics of surface water and studied the impact of roadside ponding on subgrade diseases. The results showed that the total area of surface water was more than 3.7 million m2, and the surface water was most widely distributed in large river areas such as the Tuotuo River and Buqu River. The subgrade diseases of the Qinghai–Tibet Highway could be categorized into three types: settlement, longitudinal crack, and frost boiling, which accounted for 71.09%, 17.13%, and 11.78% of the total number of subgrade diseases, respectively. Additionally, the ground mean annual temperature was an important factor affecting the distribution of surface water, with the surface water area showing an increasing trend with the increase in ground mean annual temperature, and roadside ponding was most likely to form in the high-temperature extremely unstable permafrost area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Region Hydrology and Hydraulics)
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19 pages, 6147 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modeling of Local Scour in the Vicinity of Bridge Abutments When Covered with Ice
by Mohammad Reza Namaee, Peng Wu and Mauricio Dziedzic
Water 2023, 15(19), 3330; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193330 - 22 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 792
Abstract
The occurrence of bridge collapse is frequently attributed to the prevalent erosion in the vicinity of bridge abutments. Accurate determination of the maximum scour depth in the vicinity of bridge abutments is imperative to ensure a secure and reliable bridge design. The phenomenon [...] Read more.
The occurrence of bridge collapse is frequently attributed to the prevalent erosion in the vicinity of bridge abutments. Accurate determination of the maximum scour depth in the vicinity of bridge abutments is imperative to ensure a secure and reliable bridge design. The phenomenon of local scour at bridge abutments can exhibit significant variations when compared to open-flow conditions, primarily due to the additional obstacle posed by the presence of ice cover. Research has demonstrated that the erosion of bridge abutments is more pronounced in the presence of ice. The vertical velocity distribution has a direct impact on both the bed shear stress and the resulting scour geometry in ice-covered conditions. This study aims to analyze the effects of flow through open channels and covered flow conditions on the local scour process around semi-circular and square bridge abutments using FLOW-3D V 11.2 software. The utilization of the volume of fluid (VOF) approach is employed for monitoring the free surface, while the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the RNG k turbulence model are employed for simulating the flow field in the vicinity of bridge abutments. The sediment transport equations formulated by Meyer-Peter and Müller were employed for the purpose of simulating the movement of sediment particles. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental results. The result shows that the presence of ice cover and its roughness can increase the maximum scour depth both in numerical and experimental studies. The results also indicate that the maximum scour depth is located at the upstream section of the bridge abutments. These findings demonstrate the ability of the numerical model to predict the occurrence of local scour in the vicinity of bridge abutments under conditions of ice presence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Region Hydrology and Hydraulics)
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13 pages, 1973 KiB  
Article
Channel Bed Deformation around Double Piers in Tandem Arrangement in an S-Shaped Channel under Ice Cover
by Zhicong Li, Jun Wang, Jueyi Sui, Tiejie Cheng, Peigui Liu and Guowei Li
Water 2023, 15(14), 2568; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142568 - 13 Jul 2023
Viewed by 809
Abstract
Flow structure and channel bed deformation caused by double piers in a tandem arrangement under ice-covered flow conditions in a bent channel is more complicated than those around a single pier in a straight channel. Based on experiments in an S-shaped flume, the [...] Read more.
Flow structure and channel bed deformation caused by double piers in a tandem arrangement under ice-covered flow conditions in a bent channel is more complicated than those around a single pier in a straight channel. Based on experiments in an S-shaped flume, the scouring phenomenon at double piers in a tandem arrangement under an ice cover has been conducted by varying pier spacing distance, bend apex cross section (BACS), and hydraulic parameters. Results show that, under identical hydraulic conditions, the variation trend of the scour depth in the vicinity of double piers in a tandem arrangement in a bent channel is similar to that in a straight channel. The deepest depth of scour holes at the upstream BACS is more than that at piers at the downstream BACS. At each BACS, the effect resulting from the interaction of double piers gradually decreases with the pier spacing distance. Different from the characteristics of local scour at double piers in a tandem arrangement in the straight flume, when the ratio of pier spacing distance to pier diameter (L/D) is more than 15, the horseshoe vortex generated by the front pier has negligible impact on the rear pier, and the maximum depth of scour hole at the rear pier scour hole is about 90% that of the front pier. Also, when L/D is higher than 15, the influence of the rear pier on the front one is negligible, and the scour hole depth at the front pier remains the same. However, this phenomenon occurs when the straight flume’s L/D is greater than 17. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Region Hydrology and Hydraulics)
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14 pages, 3492 KiB  
Article
Local Scour around Side-by-Side Double Piers in Channel Bends under Ice-Covered Conditions—An Experimental Study
by Feihu Song, Jun Wang, Zhenhua Zhang, Tiejie Cheng, Guowei Li and Jueyi Sui
Water 2023, 15(13), 2317; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15132317 - 21 Jun 2023
Viewed by 983
Abstract
The pier scour process is normally intensified in the presence of an ice cover, which poses risks to the longevity and safety of bridges. In the present study, the impact of the densimetric Froude number, locations, and pier spacing of side-by-side piers on [...] Read more.
The pier scour process is normally intensified in the presence of an ice cover, which poses risks to the longevity and safety of bridges. In the present study, the impact of the densimetric Froude number, locations, and pier spacing of side-by-side piers on the local scour depth under ice-covered flow conditions were investigated based on clear water scour experiments in an S-shaped laboratory flume. The results demonstrated that the local scour at piers along the convex bank was more substantial than that along the concave bank when other factors stayed identical. The densimetric Froude number clearly has more impact on local scour at piers along the convex bank than that along the concave bank. Different from the mechanism of the pier scour in a straight channel, the scour depth around a pier along the convex bank in the S-shaped flume increases as the distance between two piers (or pier spacing) increases, while it decreases around the piers along the concave bank. Similar scour patterns were observed when the side-by-side piers were installed at different bend apex cross-sections. The maximum local scour depths at piers along the convex bank measured at different bend apex cross-sections were relatively unchanged when other influencing factors were held constant. However, the maximum scour depth around piers along the concave bank decreased as the bends increased toward downstream. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Region Hydrology and Hydraulics)
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