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Innovative Progress in Porous Materials and Their Derived Composite Materials...
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Innovative Progress in Porous Materials and Their Derived Composite Materials for Wastewater Treatment Application

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2023) | Viewed by 5269

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Urooj Kamran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Advanced Machinery Design Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Interests: porous materials; carbons; wastewater treatment; metal recovery; nanocomposites; gas storage; CO2 capture adsorption process; environmental remediation; biosorption; surface functionalization; characterization; kinetic; isotherms; adsorbents

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The industrial revolution is responsible for declining the quality of water and raising the water pollution issues. Industrial wastewater discharged into the environment contained toxic contaminants (dyes, heavy metals, phenolics, pesticides, drug residues, and organic and inorganic pollutants), which negatively influenced human beings and aquatic life. There is a crucial need to solve this water pollution issue by treating the wastewater before discharging it into the environment. The development of innovative materials such as porous materials to remove pollutants from water using economical, nontoxic, and simple methods (adsorption method) is attracting researchers’ attention. Porous materials (graphene oxide, porous carbons, chitosan, clays, silica, COFs, MOFs, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, and biochar) can be used as pristine porous materials, or, by chemically modifying the surface of porous materials to design porous composites, nanocomposites, hybrid composites, or biocomposites, we can efficiently improve the water treatment potential of porous materials.

This Special Issue encompasses innovation and current contributions towards the fabrication, physicochemical properties examination, and application of fabricated porous materials to remove toxic pollutants or recover useful metals (for example, lithium) from water. Overall, this Special Issue covers the implementation of porous materials for water treatment by removing contaminants.

Dr. Urooj Kamran
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • porous materials
  • wastewater treatment
  • pollutant removal
  • adsorption
  • porous composites
  • surface modification
  • chemical functionalization
  • biosorption
  • water purification
  • graphene oxide
  • carbon nanotube
  • porous carbon
  • biochar
  • activated carbon
  • porous silica
  • nanocomposites

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4973 KiB  
Article
Adsorption of Lead from Water Using MnO2-Modified Red Mud: Performance, Mechanism, and Environmental Risk
by Yang Bai, Yin Pang, Zheng Wu, Xi Li, Jiang Jing, Hongbin Wang and Zheng Zhou
Water 2023, 15(24), 4314; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244314 - 18 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1009
Abstract
A manganese dioxide-modified red mud (Mn-RM) was developed as an adsorbent for the effective removal of lead ions (Pb2+) from wastewater. Various methods were used to characterize the prepared Mn-RM, analyze its adsorption performance, and evaluate the associated environmental risks post-adsorption. [...] Read more.
A manganese dioxide-modified red mud (Mn-RM) was developed as an adsorbent for the effective removal of lead ions (Pb2+) from wastewater. Various methods were used to characterize the prepared Mn-RM, analyze its adsorption performance, and evaluate the associated environmental risks post-adsorption. The results revealed that Mn-RM has a large surface area (38.91 m2/g) and a developed porous structure (0.02 cm3/g). The adsorption process exhibited good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, showcasing a theoretical maximum saturation adsorption capacity of 721.35 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism primarily involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation. The optimal treatment conditions were determined by utilizing a response surface model, resulting in a maximum Pb2+ removal efficiency of 87.45% at pH 5.21, a dosage of 0.83 g/L, and an initial concentration of 301.04 mg/L. The risk assessment code (RAC) for each heavy metal in Mn-RM was less than 1%, indicating low environmental risk. Furthermore, the synthetic toxicity index (STI) values showed a significant decrease post-treatment. This study introduces the concept of “controlling waste with waste”, offering a cost-effective approach to both utilizing red mud and removing aqueous Pb2+ while ensuring environmental safety and minimal ecological impact. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Progress in Porous Materials and Their Derived Composite Materials for Wastewater Treatment Application)
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18 pages, 5510 KiB  
Article
Surfactant-Capped Silver-Doped Calcium Oxide Nanocomposite: Efficient Sorbents for Rapid Lithium Uptake and Recovery from Aqueous Media
by Urooj Kamran, Hasan Jamal, Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui and Soo-Jin Park
Water 2023, 15(19), 3368; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193368 - 25 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1100
Abstract
The demand for lithium is constantly increasing due to its wide range of uses in an excessive number of industrial applications. Typically, expensive lithium-based chemicals (LiOH, LiCl, LiNO3, etc.) have been used to fabricate adsorbents (i.e., lithium manganese oxide) for lithium [...] Read more.
The demand for lithium is constantly increasing due to its wide range of uses in an excessive number of industrial applications. Typically, expensive lithium-based chemicals (LiOH, LiCl, LiNO3, etc.) have been used to fabricate adsorbents (i.e., lithium manganese oxide) for lithium ion (Li+) adsorption from aqueous sources. This type of lithium-based adsorbent does not seem to be very effective in recovering Li+ from water from an economic point of view. In this study, an innovative nanocomposite for Li+ adsorption was investigated for the first time, which eliminates the use of lithium-based chemicals for preparation. Here, calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO-NPs), silver-doped CaO nanoparticles (Ag-CaO-NPs), and surfactant (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS))-modified Ag-CaO (PVP@Ag-CaO and SDS@Ag-CaO) nanocomposites were designed by the chemical co-precipitation method. The PVP and SDS surfactants acted as stabilizing and capping agents to enhance the Li+ adsorption and recovery performance. The physicochemical properties of the designed samples (morphology, size, surface functionality, and crystallinity) were also investigated. Under optimized pH (10), contact time (8 h), and initial Li+ concentration (2 mg L−1), the highest Li+ adsorption efficiencies recorded by SDS@Ag-CaO and PVP@Ag-CaO were 3.28 mg/g and 2.99 mg/g, respectively. The nature of the Li+ adsorption process was examined by non-linear kinetic and isothermal studies, which revealed that the experimental data were best fit by the pseudo-first-order and Langmuir models. Furthermore, it was observed that the SDS@Ag-CaO nanocomposite exhibited the highest Li+ recovery potential (91%) compared to PVP@Ag-CaO (85%), Ag-CaO NPs (61%), and CaO NPs (43%), which demonstrates their regeneration potential. Therefore, this type of innovative adsorbents can provide new insights for the development of surfactant-capped nanocomposites for enhanced Li+ metal recovery from wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Progress in Porous Materials and Their Derived Composite Materials for Wastewater Treatment Application)
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16 pages, 3046 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of the Bi2O3-NiO Heterojunction for the Degradation of Methyl Orange under Irradiation of Sunlight
by Muhammad Ashfaq, Akbar Ali, Nabeel K. Abbood, Sandeep Panchal, Nadia Akram, Muhammad Saeed, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Faiz Ali, Shabbir Muhammad, Manal Y. Sameeh and Aas Nida Nazar
Water 2023, 15(18), 3182; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15183182 - 6 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1259
Abstract
Recently, the development of visible-light-responsive catalysts for the photodegradation of organic pollutants has captured the attention of researchers globally. The ineffectiveness and high costs associated with conventional methods and techniques used for the abatement of water pollution have forced researchers to develop effective [...] Read more.
Recently, the development of visible-light-responsive catalysts for the photodegradation of organic pollutants has captured the attention of researchers globally. The ineffectiveness and high costs associated with conventional methods and techniques used for the abatement of water pollution have forced researchers to develop effective and low-cost innovative techniques for this purpose. Photocatalysis is considered an effective protocol for this purpose. Therefore, this study was conducted for the development of the Bi2O3-NiO heterojunction as a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange. Ni(NO3)2∙6H2O (Fluka) and Bi(NO3)3∙5H2O (Merck) were used as precursor materials for the synthesis of NiO-Bi2O3. After fabrication, the Bi2O3-NiO heterojunction was characterized using XRD, EDX, SEM, FTIR, and TGA techniques. Then, it was employed as a catalyst for the photodegradation of methyl orange under sunlight irradiation. The fabricated Bi2O3-NiO showed higher photocatalytic activity than Bi2O3 and NiO with 100, 67, and 46% degradation of methyl orange, respectively. The rate constant determined by the non-linear method of analysis for the photodegradation of MO in the presence of Bi2O3-NiO was 3.2-fold and 1.7-fold of the rate constant with NiO and Bi2O3, respectively. The higher photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3-NiO than of its individual components in the present study is also attributed to the separation and transfer of positive holes and electrons. The recycling of spent Bi2O3-NiO under similar experimental conditions exhibited the same photocatalytic activity suggesting the stability of the fabricated Bi2O3-NiO photocatalyst. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Progress in Porous Materials and Their Derived Composite Materials for Wastewater Treatment Application)
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14 pages, 2744 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Ag-OMS Catalyst for Sunlight-Assisted Photodegradation of Crystal Violet Dye
by Muhammad Saeed, Renzon Daniel Cosme Pecho, Sandeep Panchal, Sadeq K. Alhag, Laila A. Al-Shuraym, Khalid M. Al Syaad and Usman Hanif Bhutta
Water 2023, 15(13), 2480; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15132480 - 6 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1438
Abstract
The contamination of water with organic pollutants, such as dyes, has become a serious threat to the environment. Therefore, the development of a cost-effective, eco-friendly, proficient, and visible-light-driven catalyst for the treatment of organic dye-contaminated wastewater has been a burning issue recently. Photocatalysis [...] Read more.
The contamination of water with organic pollutants, such as dyes, has become a serious threat to the environment. Therefore, the development of a cost-effective, eco-friendly, proficient, and visible-light-driven catalyst for the treatment of organic dye-contaminated wastewater has been a burning issue recently. Photocatalysis is suggested as a potential treatment technique for the eradication of organic pollutants. The 1D tunnel-structured manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS) is a suitable substance to be tested as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst for the degradation of organic contaminants. However, the fast recombination of photoinduced charges (h+/e−) limits its photocatalytic application. The development of heterojunctions between OMS and other metals, such as Ag, is a suitable technique for improving the photocatalytic performance of OMS. In this study, Ag-OMS with plasmon-enhanced photocatalytic activity is reported for the photodegradation of crystal violet dye. Manganese oxide OMS was prepared by an acidic precipitation method using potassium permanganate, manganese acetate, and nitric acid as precursor materials. Ag nanoparticles were deposited on OMS using leaf extracts of Calotropis gigantea. The deposition of Ag enhanced the photocatalytic performance of OMS from 68 to 95%. The effects of Ag contents, catalyst dosage, and concentration of crystal violet dye on catalytic performance were explored as well. Approximately 100, 95, and 75% photodegradation of 50, 100, and 150 mg/L crystal violet dye was observed in 90, 120, and 120 min in the presence of 10% Ag-OMS, respectively. Excellent photocatalytic performance, low dose utilization, and reusability proved that Ag-OMS might have practical environmental applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Progress in Porous Materials and Their Derived Composite Materials for Wastewater Treatment Application)
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