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Veterinary Sciences
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Diagnosis and Evolution Analysis of Virus Infection in Poultry and...
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Diagnosis and Evolution Analysis of Virus Infection in Poultry and Wild Birds

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 6344

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jun Ji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
Interests: animal virology; animal immunology; oncology
Prof. Dr. Qingmei Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Interests: animal nutrition and immunization; animal husbandry and production; poultry science; avian diseases; livestock
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral infectious diseases have been a continual concern for the poultry industry. In recent years, a number of viruses have been identified in the global poultry population and wild birds. These viruses can mainly be categorized into two groups: 1) emerging novel avian viruses, such as Astroviruses Causing Fatal Gout in Goslings, chicken circovirus, and diverse Avian Gyrovirus, which have been found for the first time in poultry, and 2) widely prevalent and harmful avian viruses, such as Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus, Infectious Bronchitis Virus, Fowl Adenovirus, and Avian Hepatitis E. Both have caused great economic loss worldwide, so prevention and control of the spread of these viruses must be core strategies used to combat the relevant diseases.

The objective of this Special Issue is to combine synergies that could disclose unanswered questions and knowledge into novel detection methods for Poultry Viruses, novel epidemic and evolution characteristics, genotyping, and transmission patterns of Poultry Viruses on a global scale.

We propose the Special Issue entitled "Diagnosis and Evolution Analysis of Virus Infection in Poultry and Wild Birds", where the aim is to report recent progress and challenges in this area, and to inspire new strategies. It is hoped that this Special Issue will further stimulate collaboration between scientists engaged in all aspects of this field of research.

Dr. Jun Ji
Prof. Dr. Qingmei Xie
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • avian virus
  • detection
  • epidemiology
  • evolution
  • transmission

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1962 KiB  
Article
The Development of a Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification Assay to Visually Detect Duck Hepatitis B Virus
by Shuqi Xu, Yuanzhuo Man, Xin Xu, Jun Ji, Yan Wang, Lunguang Yao, Qingmei Xie and Yingzuo Bi
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(5), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11050191 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 430
Abstract
Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is widely prevalent in global ducks and has been identified in Chinese geese with a high prevalence; the available detection techniques are time-consuming and require sophisticated equipment. In this study, an assay combining multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) [...] Read more.
Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is widely prevalent in global ducks and has been identified in Chinese geese with a high prevalence; the available detection techniques are time-consuming and require sophisticated equipment. In this study, an assay combining multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed for the efficient and rapid detection of DHBV. The primary reaction condition of the MIRA assay for DHBV detection was 10 min at 38 °C without a temperature cycler. Combined with the LFD assay, the complete procedure of the newly developed MIRA assay for DHBV detection required only 15 min, which is about one-fourth of the reaction time for routine polymerase chain reaction assay. And electrophoresis and gel imaging equipment were not required for detection and to read the results. Furthermore, the detection limit of MIRA was 45.6 copies per reaction, which is approximately 10 times lower than that of a routine polymerase chain reaction assay. The primer set and probe had much simpler designs than loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and they were only specific to DHBV, with no cross-reactivity with duck hepatitis A virus subtype 1 and duck hepatitis A virus subtype 3, goose parvovirus, duck enteritis virus, duck circovirus, or Riemerella anatipestifer. In this study, we offer a simple, fast, and accurate assay method to identify DHBV in clinical serum samples of ducks and geese, which would be suitable for widespread application in field clinics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Evolution Analysis of Virus Infection in Poultry and Wild Birds)
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20 pages, 1992 KiB  
Article
Epigenetic Factor MicroRNAs Likely Mediate Vaccine Protection Efficacy against Lymphomas in Response to Tumor Virus Infection in Chickens through Target Gene Involved Signaling Pathways
by Lei Zhang, Qingmei Xie, Shuang Chang, Yongxing Ai, Kunzhe Dong and Huanmin Zhang
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(4), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11040139 - 22 Mar 2024
Viewed by 970
Abstract
Epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in affecting gene expression and, therefore, are involved in various biological processes including immunity protection against tumors. Marek’s disease (MD) is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by the MD virus (MDV). MD [...] Read more.
Epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in affecting gene expression and, therefore, are involved in various biological processes including immunity protection against tumors. Marek’s disease (MD) is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by the MD virus (MDV). MD has been primarily controlled by vaccinations. MD vaccine efficacy might, in part, be dependent on modulations of a complex set of factors including host epigenetic factors. This study was designed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the primary lymphoid organ, bursae of Fabricius, in response to MD vaccination followed by MDV challenge in two genetically divergent inbred lines of White Leghorns. Small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of the small RNA sequence reads identified hundreds of miRNAs among all the treatment groups. A small portion of the identified miRNAs was differentially expressed within each of the four treatment groups, which were HVT or CVI988/Rispens vaccinated line 63-resistant birds and line 72-susceptible birds. A direct comparison between the resistant line 63 and susceptible line 72 groups vaccinated with HVT followed by MDV challenge identified five differentially expressed miRNAs. Gene Ontology analysis of the target genes of those five miRNAs revealed that those target genes, in addition to various GO terms, are involved in multiple signaling pathways including MAPK, TGF-β, ErbB, and EGFR1 signaling pathways. The general functions of those pathways reportedly play important roles in oncogenesis, anti-cancer immunity, cancer cell migration, and metastatic progression. Therefore, it is highly likely that those miRNAs may, in part, influence vaccine protection through the pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Evolution Analysis of Virus Infection in Poultry and Wild Birds)
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12 pages, 850 KiB  
Article
Characterization of a Very Short Meq Protein Isoform in a Marek’s Disease Virus Strain in Japan
by Yoshinosuke Motai, Shiro Murata, Jumpei Sato, Akihito Nishi, Naoya Maekawa, Tomohiro Okagawa, Satoru Konnai and Kazuhiko Ohashi
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11010043 - 20 Jan 2024
Viewed by 2446
Abstract
Marek’s disease virus (MDV) causes malignant lymphoma (Marek’s disease; MD) in chickens. The Meq protein is essential for tumorigenesis since it regulates the expression of host and viral genes. Previously, we reported that the deletion of the short isoform of Meq (S-Meq) decreases [...] Read more.
Marek’s disease virus (MDV) causes malignant lymphoma (Marek’s disease; MD) in chickens. The Meq protein is essential for tumorigenesis since it regulates the expression of host and viral genes. Previously, we reported that the deletion of the short isoform of Meq (S-Meq) decreases the pathogenicity of MDV. Recently, we identified a further short isoform of Meq (very short isoform of Meq, VS-Meq) in chickens with MD in Japan. A 64-amino-acid deletion was confirmed at the C-terminus of VS-Meq. We measured the transcriptional regulation by VS-Meq in three gene promoters to investigate the effect of VS-Meq on protein function. Wild-type VS-Meq decreased the transrepression of the pp38 promoter but did not alter the transactivation activity of the Meq and Bcl-2 promoters. The deletion in VS-Meq did not affect the activity of the pp38 promoter but enhanced the transactivation activities of the Meq and Bcl-2 promoters. Collectively, the deletion of VS-Meq potentially enhanced the activity of the Meq promoter, while other amino acid sequences in wild-type VS-Meq seemed to affect the weak transrepression of the pp38 promoter. Further investigation is required to clarify the effects of these changes on pathogenicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Evolution Analysis of Virus Infection in Poultry and Wild Birds)
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16 pages, 4719 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Virulence of Low Pathogenic H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Strains in Broiler Chickens
by Márta Bóna, József Földi, Lilla Dénes, Andrea Harnos, Bettina Paszerbovics and Míra Mándoki
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(12), 671; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10120671 - 24 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1747
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the virulence of three recent H9N2 LPAIV strains belonging to the G1 lineage, isolated from field infections in North Africa and the Middle East. Three-week-old commercial broiler chickens (in total 62) were included and randomly allocated into three [...] Read more.
Our study aimed to investigate the virulence of three recent H9N2 LPAIV strains belonging to the G1 lineage, isolated from field infections in North Africa and the Middle East. Three-week-old commercial broiler chickens (in total 62) were included and randomly allocated into three infected test groups and one control group. Each test group was inoculated intranasally/intratracheally with one of the three H9N2 isolates at a dose of 108 EID50 virus. The control group received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via the same route of application. The pathogenicity was evaluated based on clinical signs and gross pathological and histopathological lesions, the viral antigen load was assessed through immunohistochemistry staining (IHC), and a semi-quantitative detection of the genetic material was conducted via a real-time PCR. Our findings confirmed the obvious respiratory tract tropism of the virus strains with variable renal tropism. In contrast to the highly pathogenic AIVs, the tested H9N2 strains did not show replication in the central nervous system. The virus presence and lesions, mainly in the respiratory tract, were predominant on dpi 5 and significantly reduced or disappeared by dpi 11. A clear difference was demonstrated among the three isolates: the A/chicken/Morocco/2021/2016 strain proved to be significantly more virulent than the Egyptian and Saudi Arabian ones, which showed no remarkable difference. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Evolution Analysis of Virus Infection in Poultry and Wild Birds)
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