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Vaccines
Special Issues
Zika Virus and Immune Response
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Zika Virus and Immune Response

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines against (re)emerging and Tropical Infections Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2021) | Viewed by 8041

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nicholas Eyre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
Interests: flaviviruses; virus-host interactions; viral replication; innate immunity; high-resolution imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Natalie Prow

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Co-Guest Editor
Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Interests: vaccine development; mosquito-borne viruses; infectious diseases; zika virus

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The recent explosive outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas in 2015-2016 revealed the unexpected association of ZIKV infection with serious neurodevelopmental disorders in unborn infants, now collectively known as ZIKV congenital syndrome (ZCS). This, coupled with the growing appreciation that ZIKV can be sexually transmitted in addition to typical mosquito-borne transmission, lead to a large effort from the international research community to characterise ZIKV infection, pathogenesis, transmission and immunity. An improved understanding of the determinants of effective antiviral immune responses towards ZIKV and the mechanisms employed by the virus to evade innate and adaptive immune responses will be critical to the development of safe and effective preventative vaccines and immunotherapeutics to limit the spread and impact of ZIKV. For this Special Issue we encourage the submission of manuscripts addressing both innate and cellular immune responses towards ZIKV and mechanisms employed by the virus to evade these immune responses. We also encourage manuscripts addressing translational efforts towards development and testing of prophylactic vaccines and immunotherapeutics against ZIKV. Ultimately, an improved understanding of immune responses towards ZIKV and exploitation of this understanding will enable development of urgently required prophylactic and therapeutic interventions that are targeted towards ZIKV. 

Dr. Nicholas Eyre
Guest Editor
Dr. Natalie Prow
Co-Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Zika virus
  • immune responses
  • vaccines
  • immune evasion
  • immunotherapy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3644 KiB  
Article
Entry and Disposition of Zika Virus Immune Complexes in a Tissue Culture Model of the Maternal-Fetal Interface
by Yanqun Xu, Yong He, Sanaz Momben-Abolfath, Nancy Eller, Malgorzata Norton, Pei Zhang, Dorothy Scott and Evi Budo Struble
Vaccines 2021, 9(2), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020145 - 11 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1975
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections have been associated with an increased incidence of severe microcephaly and other neurodevelopmental disorders in newborn babies. Passive immunization with anti-ZIKV neutralizing antibodies has the potential to become a feasible treatment or prophylaxis option during pregnancy. Prior to clinical [...] Read more.
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections have been associated with an increased incidence of severe microcephaly and other neurodevelopmental disorders in newborn babies. Passive immunization with anti-ZIKV neutralizing antibodies has the potential to become a feasible treatment or prophylaxis option during pregnancy. Prior to clinical use, such antibodies should be assessed for their ability to block ZIKV passage to the fetus. We used human placental and mammalian cell monolayers that express FcRn and laboratory preparations of anti-ZIKV antibodies as a model system to investigate the disposition of ZIKV/antibody immune complexes (ICs) at the maternal-fetal interface. We further characterized solution properties of the ICs to evaluate whether these are related to in vitro effects. We found that both ZIKV and ZIKV envelope glycoprotein can enter and passage through epithelial cells, especially those that overexpress FcRn. In the presence of ZIKV antibodies, Zika virus entry was bimodal, with reduced entry at the lowest (0.3–3 ng/mL) and highest (µg/mL) antibody concentrations. Intermediate concentrations attenuated inhibition or enhanced viral entry. With respect to anti-ZIKV antibodies, we found that their degradation was accelerated when presented as ICs containing increased amounts of ZIKV immunogen. Of the two monoclonal antibodies tested, the preparation with higher aggregation also exhibited higher degradation. Our studies confirm that intact Zika virus and its envelope immunogen have the potential to enter and be transferred across placental and other epithelial cells that express FcRn. Presence of anti-ZIKV IgG antibodies can either block or enhance cellular entry, with the antibody concentration playing a complex role in this process. Physicochemical properties of IgG antibodies can influence their degradation in vitro. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zika Virus and Immune Response)
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Review

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30 pages, 1332 KiB  
Review
Zika Virus Pathogenesis: A Battle for Immune Evasion
by Judith Estévez-Herrera, Silvia Pérez-Yanes, Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez, Daniel Márquez-Arce, Rodrigo Trujillo-González, José-David Machado, Ricardo Madrid and Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
Vaccines 2021, 9(3), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030294 - 22 Mar 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5365
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and its associated congenital and other neurological disorders, particularly microcephaly and other fetal developmental abnormalities, constitute a World Health Organization (WHO) Zika Virus Research Agenda within the WHO’s R&D Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics, and continue to be [...] Read more.
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and its associated congenital and other neurological disorders, particularly microcephaly and other fetal developmental abnormalities, constitute a World Health Organization (WHO) Zika Virus Research Agenda within the WHO’s R&D Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics, and continue to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) today. ZIKV pathogenicity is initiated by viral infection and propagation across multiple placental and fetal tissue barriers, and is critically strengthened by subverting host immunity. ZIKV immune evasion involves viral non-structural proteins, genomic and non-coding RNA and microRNA (miRNA) to modulate interferon (IFN) signaling and production, interfering with intracellular signal pathways and autophagy, and promoting cellular environment changes together with secretion of cellular components to escape innate and adaptive immunity and further infect privileged immune organs/tissues such as the placenta and eyes. This review includes a description of recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying ZIKV immune modulation and evasion that strongly condition viral pathogenesis, which would certainly contribute to the development of anti-ZIKV strategies, drugs, and vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zika Virus and Immune Response)
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