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Vaccines
Special Issues
DNA Vaccines against Infectious Diseases
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DNA Vaccines against Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "DNA and mRNA Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 March 2024) | Viewed by 3410

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ada M. B. Alves

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Interests: mosquito viruses; vaccines; immunology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the fields of Immunology and Vaccination, the developments of Omics sciences have broadened the use of immunization strategies. Traditionally, vaccines have been based on attenuated pathogens or parts of them to stimulate the immune system; however, the development of Omics has broadened this usage to DNA and mRNA in novel immunological strategies against infectious and non-infectious diseases. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination is still the most effective strategy to prevent infectious diseases.

We are pleased to announce this Special Issue, “DNA Vaccines against Infectious Diseases”. The issue centers on the development of DNA vaccines, preclinical and clinical trials, the induced immune responses and protection, the mechanism involved in the elicited responses, and delivery of the DNA vaccines.

We welcome the submission of original manuscripts from outstanding researchers in this field. Research articles, brief communications, reviews and meta-analyses will be considered. Short proposals for submissions of papers can be sent to the Editorial Office (charlotte.chen@mdpi.com, vaccines@mdpi.com) for a preliminary evaluation.

Prof. Dr. Ada M. B. Alves
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • DNA vaccines
  • infectious diseases
  • delivery of the DNA vaccines
  • pre-clinical trials
  • clinical trials

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 5509 KiB  
Article
Design and Characterization of a New Formulation for the Delivery of COVID-19-mRNA Vaccine to the Nasal Mucosa
by Ayça Altay Benetti, Eugene Yang Zhi Tan, Zi Wei Chang, Ki Hyun Bae, Ma Thinzar Thwin, Ram Pravin Kumar Muthuramalingam, Kuo-Chieh Liao, Yue Wan, Lisa F. P. Ng, Laurent Renia, Jianping Liu, Xiaoyuan Chen, Yi Yan Yang, Kevin P. White and Giorgia Pastorin
Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040409 - 12 Apr 2024
Viewed by 694
Abstract
Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, possesses biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive characteristics, making it an attractive material for the delivery of mRNA payloads to the nasal mucosa and promoting their uptake by target cells such as epithelial and immune cells (e.g., dendritic [...] Read more.
Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, possesses biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive characteristics, making it an attractive material for the delivery of mRNA payloads to the nasal mucosa and promoting their uptake by target cells such as epithelial and immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells and macrophages). In this project, we aimed at developing novel lipid-based nanoformulations for mRNA delivery to counteract the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The formulations achieved a mRNA encapsulation efficiency of ~80.2% with chitosan-lipid nanoparticles, as measured by the RiboGreen assay. Furthermore, the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) receptor-binding domain (RBD) expression via ELISA for our vaccine formulations showed transfection levels in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293), lung carcinoma cells (A549), and dendritic cells (DC 2.4) equal to 9.9 ± 0.1 ng/mL (174.7 ± 1.1 fold change from untreated cells (UT)), 7.0 ± 0.2 ng/mL (128.1 ± 4.9 fold change from UT), and 0.9 ± 0.0 ng/mL (18.0 ± 0.1 fold change from UT), respectively. Our most promising vaccine formulation was also demonstrated to be amenable to lyophilization with minimal degradation of loaded mRNA, paving the way towards a more accessible and stable vaccine. Preliminary in vivo studies in mice were performed to assess the systemic and local immune responses. Nasal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) wash showed that utilizing the optimized formulation resulted in local antibody concentrations and did not trigger any systemic antibody response. However, if further improved and developed, it could potentially contribute to the management of COVID-19 through nasopharyngeal immunization strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue DNA Vaccines against Infectious Diseases)
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17 pages, 2689 KiB  
Article
The Expression Kinetics and Immunogenicity of Lipid Nanoparticles Delivering Plasmid DNA and mRNA in Mice
by Wanyue Zhang, Annabelle Pfeifle, Casey Lansdell, Grant Frahm, Jonathon Cecillon, Levi Tamming, Caroline Gravel, Jun Gao, Sathya N. Thulasi Raman, Lisheng Wang, Simon Sauve, Michael Rosu-Myles, Xuguang Li and Michael J. W. Johnston
Vaccines 2023, 11(10), 1580; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101580 - 11 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2334
Abstract
In recent years, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a revolutionary technology for vaccine delivery. LNPs serve as an integral component of mRNA vaccines by protecting and transporting the mRNA payload into host cells. Despite their prominence in mRNA vaccines, there remains a [...] Read more.
In recent years, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a revolutionary technology for vaccine delivery. LNPs serve as an integral component of mRNA vaccines by protecting and transporting the mRNA payload into host cells. Despite their prominence in mRNA vaccines, there remains a notable gap in our understanding of the potential application of LNPs for the delivery of DNA vaccines. In this study, we sought to investigate the suitability of leading LNP formulations for the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA). In addition, we aimed to explore key differences in the properties of popular LNP formulations when delivering either mRNA or DNA. To address these questions, we compared three leading LNP formulations encapsulating mRNA- or pDNA-encoding firefly luciferase based on potency, expression kinetics, biodistribution, and immunogenicity. Following intramuscular injection in mice, we determined that RNA-LNPs formulated with either SM-102 or ALC-0315 lipids were the most potent (all p-values < 0.01) and immunogenic (all p-values < 0.05), while DNA-LNPs formulated with SM-102 or ALC-0315 demonstrated the longest duration of signal. Additionally, all LNP formulations were found to induce expression in the liver that was proportional to the signal at the injection site (SM102: r = 0.8787, p < 0.0001; ALC0315: r = 0.9012, p < 0.0001; KC2: r = 0.9343, p < 0.0001). Overall, this study provides important insights into the differences between leading LNP formulations and their applicability to DNA- and RNA-based vaccinations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue DNA Vaccines against Infectious Diseases)
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