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Vaccines
Special Issues
RNA-Based Vaccines Development
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RNA-Based Vaccines Development

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "DNA and mRNA Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 August 2024 | Viewed by 10326

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vrinda Gote

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Scientist I, Viral Vaccines R&D, Inventprise Inc., Redmond, WA, USA
Interests: mRNA vaccines; nanoparticles; cancer; immunology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

RNA therapeutics comprise a rapidly expanding category of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines that will speed up the progression of therapeutics to the clinic. RNA-based vaccines also have the potential to actualize personalized medicine and the ability to make the term “undruggable” obsolete. The recent developments in the upstream generation, downstream purification, and cellular delivery of RNA have enabled the development of RNA-based therapeutics for a variety of vaccines. 

The main focus of this Special Issue is to critically analyze the current strategies in the field of RNA-based vaccines against both cancer and infectious disease. We are aiming to shed light on new emerging technologies as well as to illustrate the effect of vaccines. Classes of RNA-based therapeutics include aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides, microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, and messenger RNA. Additionally, articles describing the developments of nanocariers for RNA-based vaccines are also invited. We also invite papers that describe the advantages and disadvantages of the clinical translation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. 

We are pleased to invite you to submit original research and or review articles on all aspects of RNA-Based Vaccines Development. I sincerely hope that this Special Issue may serve as a platform for exchanging important developments in vaccinations for infectious diseases and cancer, and that it will contribute to future clinical candidate vaccines.

Dr. Vrinda Gote
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • infectious diseases
  • immunotherapy
  • cancer vaccines
  • nanocarriers
  • active immunity
  • protective efficacy
  • antigen-antibody response
  • immune response
  • mRNA vaccines
  • lipid nanoparticles

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1995 KiB  
Article
The Role of Biological Sex in Pre-Clinical (Mouse) mRNA Vaccine Studies
by Burcu Binici, Zahra Rattray, Avi Schroeder and Yvonne Perrie
Vaccines 2024, 12(3), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030282 - 07 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1353
Abstract
In this study, we consider the influence of biological sex-specific immune responses on the assessment of mRNA vaccines in pre-clinical murine studies. Recognising the established disparities in immune function attributed to genetic and hormonal differences between individuals of different biological sexes, we compared [...] Read more.
In this study, we consider the influence of biological sex-specific immune responses on the assessment of mRNA vaccines in pre-clinical murine studies. Recognising the established disparities in immune function attributed to genetic and hormonal differences between individuals of different biological sexes, we compared the mRNA expression and immune responses in mice of both biological sexes after intramuscular injection with mRNA incorporated within lipid nanoparticles. Regarding mRNA expression, no significant difference in protein (luciferase) expression at the injection site was observed between female and male mice following intramuscular administration; however, we found that female BALB/c mice exhibit significantly greater total IgG responses across the concentration range of mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in comparison to their male counterparts. This study not only contributes to the scientific understanding of mRNA vaccine evaluation but also emphasizes the importance of considering biological sex in vaccine study designs during pre-clinical evaluation in murine studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RNA-Based Vaccines Development)
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14 pages, 2388 KiB  
Article
Dynamics of Serum-Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Vaccinees through Multiple Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine
by Jared Sheehan, Caleb M. Ardizzone, Mayank Khanna, Amber J. Trauth, Michael E. Hagensee and Alistair J. Ramsay
Vaccines 2023, 11(11), 1720; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11111720 - 15 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 7212
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are administered as effective prophylactic measures for reducing virus transmission rates and disease severity. To enhance the durability of post-vaccination immunity and combat SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters have been administered to two-dose vaccinees. However, long-term humoral responses following booster vaccination are [...] Read more.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are administered as effective prophylactic measures for reducing virus transmission rates and disease severity. To enhance the durability of post-vaccination immunity and combat SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters have been administered to two-dose vaccinees. However, long-term humoral responses following booster vaccination are not well characterized. A 16-member cohort of healthy SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants were enrolled in this study during a three-dose BNT162b2 vaccine series. Serum samples were collected from vaccinees over 420 days and screened for antigen (Ag)-specific antibody titers, IgG subclass distribution, and neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses. Vaccine boosting restored peak Ag-specific titers with sustained α-RBD IgG and IgA antibody responses when measured at six months post-boost. RBD- and spike-specific IgG4 antibody levels were markedly elevated in three-dose but not two-dose immune sera. Although strong neutralization responses were detected in two- and three-dose vaccine sera, these rapidly decayed to pre-immune levels by four and six months, respectively. While boosters enhanced serum IgG Ab reactivity and nAb responses against variant strains, all variants tested showed resistance to two- and three-dose immune sera. Our data reflect the poor durability of vaccine-induced nAb responses which are a strong predictor of protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. The induction of IgG4-switched humoral responses may permit extended viral persistence via the downregulation of Fc-mediated effector functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RNA-Based Vaccines Development)
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12 pages, 1011 KiB  
Article
Durable Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response after mRNA-1273 Booster in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients during the Omicron Wave
by Georg Beilhack, Rossella Monteforte, Florian Frommlet, Roman Reindl-Schwaighofer, Robert Strassl and Andreas Vychytil
Vaccines 2023, 11(6), 1121; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061121 - 19 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1086
Abstract
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of dialysis patients has been proven to be safe and effective to reduce COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. However, data on the durability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies post-vaccination in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are scarce. In this prospective single-center cohort study we measured [...] Read more.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of dialysis patients has been proven to be safe and effective to reduce COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. However, data on the durability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies post-vaccination in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are scarce. In this prospective single-center cohort study we measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies 3 and 6 months after the 3rd dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine in 27 adult PD patients and recorded breakthrough infections. Furthermore, in a mixed model analysis, we analyzed potential factors influencing the humoral response following vaccination. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody levels declined from 21,424 BAU/mL at 1 month to 8397 BAU/mL at 3 months and to 5120 BAU/mL at 6 months after the 3rd dose, but remained higher than pre-3rd dose levels (212 BAU/mL). Eight patients (29.6%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2 within six months from the 3rd dose during the Omicron wave. Previous high antibody levels, high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and low Davies Comorbidity Score were associated with higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels after the booster. In conclusion, PD patients exhibited a robust and durable humoral response after a third dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine. A high GFR and low comorbidity as well as previous high antibody levels predicted a better humoral response to vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RNA-Based Vaccines Development)
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