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Universe
Special Issues
Recent Outcomes and Future Challenges in Nuclear Astrophysics
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Recent Outcomes and Future Challenges in Nuclear Astrophysics

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "Stellar Astronomy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 1735

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giovanni Francesco Ciani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physics Department, University of Bari & INFN BA, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: nuclear physics; detectors; rare events physics
Dr. David Rapagnani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: nuclear astrophysics; particles detectors; recoil mass separators
Dr. Eliana Masha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
HZDR - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
Interests: nuclear astrophysics; particles detectors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As progress in nuclear astrophysics is continuously being achieved, the field has entered a broad multi-disciplinary phase.

In recent years, several new facilities have been built on the Earth’s surface and underground, and new experimental techniques have been developed.

All these achievements, together with observations and theory, lead to great improvements in our understanding of several astrophysical scenarios, such as the Big Bang Nucleosythesis, stellar evolution and novae explosions.

Nevertheless, several topics are not yet fully understood: we still do not know the origin of the discrepancy between lithium isotope abundance in old stars, with respect to the values predicted by theory, or how some of the heavy elements are produced. Several crucial nuclear reactions are still unknown in the corresponding stellar energies of interest, or their determination is not precise enough to constrain the models. These, along with several other open questions, require further investigations.

In this Special Issue, we would like to overview the status of nuclear astrophysics and how this subject interfaces with other research fields, such as astroparticle physics, gamma-ray astronomy, cosmology, isotopic abundances in meteorites or the detection of gravitational waves.

Both reviews and original content will be considered for this Special Issue.

Dr. Giovanni Francesco Ciani
Dr. David Rapagnani
Dr. Eliana Masha
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nuclear astrophysics
  • astroparticle physics
  • experimental techniques
  • BBN
  • stellar evolution
  • stellar explosion
  • observational astronomy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 409 KiB  
Article
Impact of Newly Measured Nuclear Reaction Rates on 26Al Ejected Yields from Massive Stars
by Umberto Battino, Lorenzo Roberti, Thomas V. Lawson, Alison M. Laird and Lewis Todd
Universe 2024, 10(5), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10050204 - 01 May 2024
Viewed by 363
Abstract
Over the last three years, the rates of all the main nuclear reactions involving the destruction and production of 26Al in stars (26Al(n, p)26Mg, 26Al(n, α)23Na, 26Al(p [...] Read more.
Over the last three years, the rates of all the main nuclear reactions involving the destruction and production of 26Al in stars (26Al(n, p)26Mg, 26Al(n, α)23Na, 26Al(p, γ)27Si and 25Mg(p, γ)26Al) have been re-evaluated thanks to new high-precision experimental measurements of their crosssections at energies of astrophysical interest, considerably reducing the uncertainties in the nuclear physics affecting their nucleosynthesis. We computed the nucleosynthetic yields ejected by the explosion of a high-mass star (20 M⊙, Z = 0.0134) using the FRANEC stellar code, considering two explosion energies, 1.2 × 1051 erg and 3 × 1051 erg. We quantify the change in the ejected amount of 26Al and other key species that is predicted when the new rate selection is adopted instead of the reaction rates from the STARLIB nuclear library. Additionally, the ratio of our ejected yields of 26Al to those of 14 other short-lived radionuclides (36Cl, 41Ca, 53Mn, 60Fe, 92Nb, 97Tc, 98Tc, 107Pd, 126Sn, 129I, 36Cs, 146Sm, 182Hf, 205Pb) are compared to early solar system isotopic ratios, inferred from meteorite measurements. The total ejected 26Al yields vary by a factor of ~3 when adopting the new rates or the STARLIB rates. Additionally, the new nuclear reaction rates also impact the predicted abundances of short-lived radionuclides in the early solar system relative to 26Al. However, it is not possible to reproduce all the short-lived radionuclide isotopic ratios with our massive star model alone, unless a second stellar source could be invoked, which must have been active in polluting the pristine solar nebula at a similar time of a core-collapse supernova. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Outcomes and Future Challenges in Nuclear Astrophysics)
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Review

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30 pages, 1088 KiB  
Review
The Physics of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Explosion Mechanism and Explosive Nucleosynthesis
by Luca Boccioli and Lorenzo Roberti
Universe 2024, 10(3), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10030148 - 19 Mar 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 946
Abstract
Recent developments in multi-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae have considerably improved our understanding of this complex phenomenon. In addition to that, one-dimensional (1D) studies have been employed to study the explosion mechanism and its causal connection to the pre-collapse structure of the star, [...] Read more.
Recent developments in multi-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae have considerably improved our understanding of this complex phenomenon. In addition to that, one-dimensional (1D) studies have been employed to study the explosion mechanism and its causal connection to the pre-collapse structure of the star, as well as to explore the vast parameter space of supernovae. Nonetheless, many uncertainties still affect the late stages of the evolution of massive stars, their collapse, and the subsequent shock propagation. In this review, we will briefly summarize the state-of-the-art of both 1D and 3D simulations and how they can be employed to study the evolution of massive stars, supernova explosions, and shock propagation, focusing on the uncertainties that affect each of these phases. Finally, we will illustrate the typical nucleosynthesis products that emerge from the explosion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Outcomes and Future Challenges in Nuclear Astrophysics)
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