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TropicalMed
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Persistence of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Implications for...
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Persistence of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Implications for Global Public Health

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "One Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 December 2022) | Viewed by 21001

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Moataz Abd El Ghany

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
Interests: mass gathering medicine; genomic microbiology; host-pathogen interaction; functional genomics and antimicrobial resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear colleague,

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major challenge that poses a serious threat to global health and is negatively impacting progress towards the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Currently, resistant infections claim ~700,000 deaths every year. The global resistance-associated mortality is estimated to top 10 million people per year in 2050, at a cost of US$300 million due to premature deaths and up to US$100 trillion lost from the global economy.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted the increased threat associated with the continuously emerging antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs). This is also accompanied by the paucity of new antibacterial drugs being developed. The challenges of AMR are complex and multifaceted, particularly because the drivers of AMR exist and are interlinked between different ecologies, including humans, animals, plants, food, and the environment (e.g., soil, air, and water). These allow for the movement and persistence of ARBs and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among these ecologies, which enhance the dissemination of AMR. This Special Issue invites submissions that comprehensively address the contribution of environmental factors to the emergence, maintenance, and dissemination of ARBs globally.    

These include but are not limited to:

  1. Studying the molecular and epidemiological basis of the survival of ARBs;
  2. ARGs that exist naturally in soil, natural waters, sediments etc.;
  3. Persistence dynamics of antimicrobial residues, metals, ARGs, and phages, and their potential role in transferring resistant determinants between environmental and pathogenic bacteria;
  4. Wastewaters, particularly hospital wastewater (enriched in antibiotic residues, ARBs, and microbial genomes);
  5. Mass-gathering settings; 
  6. The use of holistic approaches (e.g., One Health and metagenomics).

Dr. Moataz Abd El Ghany
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
  • Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs)
  • Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)
  • One Health
  • Environmental compartments
  • Omics approaches (whole-genome sequencing, metagenomics)

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

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12 pages, 467 KiB  
Review
The Emergence, Persistence, and Dissemination of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Environmental Hajj Settings and Implications for Public Health
by Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq and Ziad A. Memish
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6010033 - 10 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3324
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is causing the loss of what was once considered the miracle cure. The transmission of antimicrobial resistance during mass gathering is a potential threat in addition to other infectious diseases. Here, we review the English language literature on [...] Read more.
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is causing the loss of what was once considered the miracle cure. The transmission of antimicrobial resistance during mass gathering is a potential threat in addition to other infectious diseases. Here, we review the English language literature on the rate and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance during the Hajj. There is a variable incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacteriaceae. There had been no report of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial resistance coupled with public health measures are needed to decrease the rate of emergence of resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Persistence of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Implications for Global Public Health)
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27 pages, 3918 KiB  
Review
Travel-Related Antimicrobial Resistance: A Systematic Review
by Hamid Bokhary, Krisna N. A. Pangesti, Harunor Rashid, Moataz Abd El Ghany and Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6010011 - 16 Jan 2021
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 5855
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that human movement facilitates the global spread of resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. We systematically reviewed the literature on the impact of travel on the dissemination of AMR. We searched the databases Medline, EMBASE and SCOPUS from [...] Read more.
There is increasing evidence that human movement facilitates the global spread of resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. We systematically reviewed the literature on the impact of travel on the dissemination of AMR. We searched the databases Medline, EMBASE and SCOPUS from database inception until the end of June 2019. Of the 3052 titles identified, 2253 articles passed the initial screening, of which 238 met the inclusion criteria. The studies covered 30,060 drug-resistant isolates from 26 identified bacterial species. Most were enteric, accounting for 65% of the identified species and 92% of all documented isolates. High-income countries were more likely to be recipient nations for AMR originating from middle- and low-income countries. The most common origin of travellers with resistant bacteria was Asia, covering 36% of the total isolates. Beta-lactams and quinolones were the most documented drug-resistant organisms, accounting for 35% and 31% of the overall drug resistance, respectively. Medical tourism was twice as likely to be associated with multidrug-resistant organisms than general travel. International travel is a vehicle for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance globally. Health systems should identify recent travellers to ensure that adequate precautions are taken. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Persistence of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Implications for Global Public Health)
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Other

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22 pages, 1140 KiB  
Systematic Review
Strategies Used for Implementing and Promoting Adherence to Antibiotic Guidelines in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
by Nicola D. Foxlee, Nicola Townell, Claire Heney, Lachlan McIver and Colleen L. Lau
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6(3), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6030166 - 13 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2874
Abstract
Containing antimicrobial resistance and reducing high levels of antibiotic consumption in low- and lower middle-income countries are a major challenge. Clinical guidelines targeting antibiotic prescribing can reduce consumption, however, the degrees to which clinical guidelines are adopted and adhered to are challenging for [...] Read more.
Containing antimicrobial resistance and reducing high levels of antibiotic consumption in low- and lower middle-income countries are a major challenge. Clinical guidelines targeting antibiotic prescribing can reduce consumption, however, the degrees to which clinical guidelines are adopted and adhered to are challenging for developers, policy makers and users. The aim of this study was to review the strategies used for implementing and promoting antibiotic guideline adherence in low- and lower middle-income countries. A review of published literature was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS and the information systems of the World Health Organization and the Australian National University according to PRISMA guidelines and our PROSPERO protocol. The strategies were grouped into five broad categories based on the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care taxonomy. The 33 selected studies, representing 16 countries varied widely in design, setting, disease focus, methods, intervention components, outcomes and effects. The majority of interventions were multifaceted and resulted in a positive direction of effect. The nature of the interventions and study variability made it impossible to tease out which strategies had the greatest impact on improving CG compliance. Audit and feedback coupled with either workshops and/or focus group discussions were the most frequently used intervention components. All the reported strategies are established practices used in antimicrobial stewardship programs in high-income countries. We recommend interrupted time series studies be used as an alternative design to pre- and post-intervention studies, information about the clinical guidelines be made more transparent, and prescriber confidence be investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Persistence of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Implications for Global Public Health)
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11 pages, 946 KiB  
Systematic Review
Efforts to Identify and Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in Uganda: A Systematic Review
by Mark Tefero Kivumbi and Claire J. Standley
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6(2), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020086 - 24 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7269
Abstract
The global burden of antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality in our communities. The spread of antimicrobial resistance in the environment and development of resistant microbes is a challenge to the control of antimicrobial resistance. Approaches, such [...] Read more.
The global burden of antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality in our communities. The spread of antimicrobial resistance in the environment and development of resistant microbes is a challenge to the control of antimicrobial resistance. Approaches, such as antimicrobial stewardship programmes and enhanced surveillance, have been devised to curb its spread. However, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries, the overall extent of antimicrobial resistance and knowledge on ongoing surveillance, stewardship or investigation efforts, are often poorly understood. This study aimed to look at the efforts that have been undertaken to detect and combat antimicrobial resistance in Uganda as a means of establishing an overview of the situation, to help inform future decisions. We conducted a systematic literature review of the PubMed database to assess these efforts. A search combining keywords associated with antimicrobial resistance were used to find relevant studies between 1995 and 2020 on surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Uganda, and susceptibility of microbes to different drugs. The search yielded 430 records, 163 of which met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The studies were categorized according to country and region, the type of antimicrobial resistance, context of the study, study design and outcome of the study. We observed that antibacterial resistance and antimalarial resistance had the most published studies while antiviral and antifungal resistance were represented by very few studies each. Most studies were conducted in humans and hospital settings, with few in veterinary and One Health contexts, and only one that included environmental sampling. The majority of studies have focused on surveillance, susceptibility testing or resistance genes; none of our included papers had a policy or stewardship focus. The results from our work can inform public health policy on antimicrobial stewardship as it contributes to understanding the status of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Uganda, and can also help to guide future research efforts. Notably, a One Health approach needs to be followed with respect to surveillance of antimicrobial resistance to better understand the mechanisms of resistance transfer across the human-animal–environment interface, including additional investigation in antiviral and antifungal resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Persistence of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Implications for Global Public Health)
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