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TropicalMed
Special Issues
Insecticides and Antimalarial Resistance Markers: Current Status and Future Prospects
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Insecticides and Antimalarial Resistance Markers: Current Status and Future Prospects

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 August 2022) | Viewed by 2327

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sulaiman S. Ibrahim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Post-Doctoral Research Associate (PDRA), Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
2. Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria
3. Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon
Interests: mosquito; vectors; Anopheles; malaria; insecticides; resistance; Plasmodium; antimalarial; genes; functional genomics; transcriptomics; transgenesis; agricultural pests; pesticides
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Eva Maria Hodel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool; Honorary Research Fellow, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
Interests: plasmodium; malaria; antimalarial; medicine; resistance; genes; mutations

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Malaria is one of the major diseases affecting millions around the world, with ~ 627 000 deaths globally—more than 96% of these occurring in sub-Saharan Africa.

Malaria control relies on a two-pronged approach—the vector control and the treatment of infections with antimalarial medicines that kill Plasmodium parasites. Unfortunately, escalated and multiple insecticide resistance in the malaria vectors and antimalarial resistance in Plasmodium is threatening to derail malaria control, with progress stalling in the last few years. Populations of mosquitoes have become highly resistant to the ingredients in use for the impregnation of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying—especially pyrethroids. The failure of antimalarials has become disproportionately high, including cases of artemisinin resistance, the component of front-line treatment, the ACTs. Resistance is also confounded by the high heterogeneity in its molecular basis, for example, ACT resistance across Africa despite the absence of the major mutations in the kelch13 gene validated/known to drive/delay parasite clearance.

The detection and validation of metabolic and target-site insensitivity resistance markers aid in the early detection of resistance alleles, allow tracking their evolution in the field, and facilitate evidence-based control and resistance-management strategies by stakeholders and National Malaria Control Programs. This Special Issue will showcase research efforts on the detection and validation of the known, as well as novel, insecticides and/or antimalarial resistance markers. Suitable manuscripts will preferably cover distribution, insecticide resistance profiles and their molecular mechanisms/markers in the major malaria vectors from different regions of the world; distribution, antimalarial resistance profiles and their molecular markers in Plasmodia parasites from different regions of the world; genetic diversity and genotypes of Plasmodia linked with treatment failures, structural variations, such as HRP-2 deletion, and spread of the markers; as well as  the operational impact of resistance markers on malaria control.  

Dr. Sulaiman S. Ibrahim
Dr. Eva Maria Hodel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anopheles
  • insecticides
  • resistance
  • Plasmodium
  • antimalarial
  • DNA
  • diagnostic
  • resistance
  • markers

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

9 pages, 283 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Mutations in the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 Genes of Malarial Parasites Isolated from Symptomatic Patients in Dogondoutchi, Niger
by Ibrahima Issa, Mahaman Moustapha Lamine, Veronique Hubert, Amadou Ilagouma, Eric Adehossi, Aboubacar Mahamadou, Neil F. Lobo, Demba Sarr, Lisa M. Shollenberger, Houze Sandrine, Ronan Jambou and Ibrahim Maman Laminou
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2022, 7(8), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080155 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1697
Abstract
The effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) depends not only on that of artemisinin but also on that of partner molecules. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of mutations in the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 genes from isolates collected during a [...] Read more.
The effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) depends not only on that of artemisinin but also on that of partner molecules. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of mutations in the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 genes from isolates collected during a clinical study. Plasmodium genomic DNA samples extracted from symptomatic malaria patients from Dogondoutchi, Niger, were sequenced by the Sanger method to determine mutations in the Pfdhfr (codons 51, 59, 108, and 164), Pfdhps (codons 436, 437, 540, 581, and 613), and Pfmdr1 (codons 86, 184, 1034, and 1246) genes. One hundred fifty-five (155) pre-treatment samples were sequenced for the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 genes. A high prevalence of mutations in the Pfdhfr gene was observed at the level of the N51I (84.97%), C59R (92.62%), and S108N (97.39%) codons. The key K540E mutation in the Pfdhps gene was not observed. Only one isolate was found to harbor a mutation at codon I431V. The most common mutation on the Pfmdr1 gene was Y184F in 71.43% of the mutations found, followed by N86Y in 10.20%. The triple-mutant haplotype N51I/C59R/S108N (IRN) was detected in 97% of the samples. Single-mutant (ICS and NCN) and double-mutant (IRS, NRN, and ICN) haplotypes were prevalent at 97% and 95%, respectively. Double-mutant haplotypes of the Pfdhps (581 and 613) and Pfmdr (86 and 184) were found in 3% and 25.45% of the isolates studied, respectively. The study focused on the molecular analysis of the sequencing of the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 genes. Although a high prevalence of mutations in the Pfdhfr gene have been observed, there is a lack of sulfadoxine pyrimethamine resistance. There is a high prevalence of mutation in the Pfmdr184 codon associated with resistance to amodiaquine. These data will be used by Niger’s National Malaria Control Program to better monitor the resistance of Plasmodium to partner molecules in artemisinin-based combination therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insecticides and Antimalarial Resistance Markers: Current Status and Future Prospects)
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