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TropicalMed
Special Issues
Advances in Treatment of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
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Advances in Treatment of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (18 April 2023) | Viewed by 5285

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuan-Chuan Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Jenteh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Hou-Loung Town, Miaoli County 35664, Taiwan
Interests: biopharmaceuticals; gene editing technology; cytomegalovirus; cell therapy; gene therapy; latency; lytic infection; lysogenic infection; antiviral agent
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yuqian Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100033, China
Interests: leukemia; stem cell transplantation; hematological disease; CMV; fungal infection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a global threat to human health, especially for immunologically weak patients. CMV may cause opportunistic infections, congenital infections and central nervous system infections. It is difficult to treat CMV infections due to their specific life cycles, mutations, and latency. Though there have been some advances in CMV infection therapy, the current drugs used for treating active infections are limited in their efficacy and the eradication of latent infections is still impossible. Current antiviral agents that target the UL54 DNA polymerase are restricted because of nephrotoxicity and viral resistance. CMV also cannot be prevented or eliminated with a vaccine. The current focus is the development of antiviral agents against both lytically and latently infected cells. Nucleic-acid-based therapeutic approaches, including external guide sequences (EGSs)-RNase, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), are being explored to resolve acute and/or latent CMV infections. The HCMV vaccine is being developed for prophylaxis. Additionally, adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) has been experimentally used to combat drug-resistant and recurrent CMV in patients after cell and/or organ transplantation. Developing antiviral agents is promising to obtain fruitful outcomes in the therapy of CMV infections. For this Special Issue, authors are welcome to provide research articles, case reports, reviews or comments related to any advances in the treatment of human cytomegalovirus infections.

Dr. Yuan-Chuan Chen
Dr. Yuqian Sun
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cytomegalovirus
  • acute infection
  • latent infection
  • congenital infection
  • antiviral agent
  • therapeutic strategies
  • nucleic-acid-based therapeutic approach
  • HCMV vaccine
  • adoptive cell therapy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 1183 KiB  
Review
Challenges, Recent Advances and Perspectives in the Treatment of Human Cytomegalovirus Infections
by Shiu-Jau Chen, Shao-Cheng Wang and Yuan-Chuan Chen
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2022, 7(12), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7120439 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3004
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is ubiquitous worldwide and elicits global health problems. The diseases associated with HCMV are a serious threat to humans, especially for the sick, infant, elderly and immunocompromised/immunodeficient individuals. Although traditional antiviral drugs (e.g., ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet) can be used [...] Read more.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is ubiquitous worldwide and elicits global health problems. The diseases associated with HCMV are a serious threat to humans, especially for the sick, infant, elderly and immunocompromised/immunodeficient individuals. Although traditional antiviral drugs (e.g., ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet) can be used to treat or prevent acute HCMV infections, their efficacy is limited because of toxicity, resistance issues, side effects and other problems. Fortunately, novel drugs (e.g., letermovir and maribavir) with less toxicity and drug/cross-resistance have been approved and put on the market in recent years. The nucleic acid-based gene-targeting approaches including the external guide sequences (EGSs)-RNase, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs)/CRISPRs-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) have been investigated to remove both lytic and latent CMV in vitro and/or in vivo. Cell therapy including the adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) and immunotherapy have been tried against drug-resistant and recurrent HCMV in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or solid organ transplant (SOT), and they have also been used to treat glioblastoma (GBM) associated with HCMV infections. These newly developed antiviral strategies are expected to yield fruitful results and make a significant contribution to the treatment of HCMV infections. Despite this progress, the nucleic acid-based gene-targeting approaches are still under study for basic research, and cell therapy is adopted in a small study population size or only successful in case reports. Additionally, no current drugs have been approved to be indicated for latent infections. Therefore, the next strategy is to develop antiviral strategies to elevate efficacy against acute and/or latent infections and overcome challenges such as toxicity, resistance issues, and side effects. In this review, we would explore the challenges, recent advances and perspectives in the treatment of HCMV infections. Furthermore, the suitable therapeutic strategies as well as the possibility for compassionate use would be evaluated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Treatment of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection)
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8 pages, 1591 KiB  
Case Report
Strongyloides spp. and Cytomegalovirus Co-Infection in Patient Affected by Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
by Tommaso Lupia, Elena Crisà, Alberto Gaviraghi, Barbara Rizzello, Alessia Di Vincenzo, Fabrizio Carnevale-Schianca, Daniela Caravelli, Marco Fizzotti, Francesco Tolomeo, Umberto Vitolo, Ilaria De Benedetto, Nour Shbaklo, Alessandro Cerutti, Piero Fenu, Vanesa Gregorc, Silvia Corcione, Valeria Ghisetti and Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(6), 331; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8060331 - 20 Jun 2023
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Abstract
To our knowledge, we have described the first case of Strongyloides/Cytomegalovirus (CMV) concomitant infection that occurred in a European country. The patient was a 76-year-old woman affected by relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma who presented interstitial pneumonia with a rapidly progressive worsening of respiratory [...] Read more.
To our knowledge, we have described the first case of Strongyloides/Cytomegalovirus (CMV) concomitant infection that occurred in a European country. The patient was a 76-year-old woman affected by relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma who presented interstitial pneumonia with a rapidly progressive worsening of respiratory insufficiency, leading to cardiac dysfunction and consequent death. CMV reactivation is a common complication in immunocompromised patients, while hyperinfection/disseminated strongyloidiasis (HS/DS) is rare in low endemic regions, but has been widely described in Southeast Asia and American countries. HS and DS are two consequences of the failure of infection control by the immune system: HS is the uncontrolled replication of the parasite within the host and DS the spreading of the L3 larvae in organs other than the usual replication sites. Only a few cases of HS/CMV infection have been reported in the literature, and only in one patient with lymphoma as an underlying disease. The clinical manifestations of these two infections overlap, usually leading to a delayed diagnosis and a consequent poor outcome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Treatment of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection)
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