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TropicalMed
Special Issues
Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Pathogenic Bacteria
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Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Pathogenic Bacteria

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2023) | Viewed by 4237

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Md. Tanvir Rahman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; virulence; ecology, genomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) is a global health crisis of the 21st century. Diseases caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens are difficult to treat, require long term attention and their treatment is expensive. Recent studies suggest that more people die from AMR related complications than any other disease that previously knew. AMR is a pandemic. It has no border or host limitation, affecting all the component of one health, e.g., humans, animals, plants, and the ecosystem. AMR has direct negative impact on achieving SDG.

Antimicrobials are the etiology of the development of AMR because of the selection pressure they exert on pathogens. The development of AMR is dynamic. Pathogens alter its cellular machineries, e.g., target molecules, enzymes, pathways, receptors, etc. so that antimicrobials are not able to exert their functions. To tackle AMR and related health hazards, we need to know the exact mechanism of AMR in pathogens.  A clear understanding of the AMR phenomenon from pathogen prospective at molecular level is critical to develop, formulate and adopt  strategies to combat AMR. This current issue therefore has been selected with an aim to focus on the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in pathogenic bacteria.

Prof. Dr. Md. Tanvir Rahman
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 838 KiB  
Article
QAC Resistance Genes in ESBL-Producing E. coli Isolated from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in the Central Slovenia Region—A 21-Year Survey
by Katja Hrovat, Jerneja Čremožnik Zupančič, Katja Seme and Jerneja Ambrožič Avguštin
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(5), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8050273 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1570
Abstract
Biocidal products prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC), which is one of the most alarming health problems worldwide. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are surface-active agents that interact with the cytoplasmic membrane and are widely used in hospitals [...] Read more.
Biocidal products prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC), which is one of the most alarming health problems worldwide. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are surface-active agents that interact with the cytoplasmic membrane and are widely used in hospitals and food processing environments. A collection of 577 ESBL-EC, isolated from lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples, was screened for QAC resistance genes oqxA; oqxB; qacEΔ1; qacE; qacF/H/I; qacG; sugE (p); emrE; mdfA; sugE (c); ydgE; ydgF; and for class 1, 2, and 3 integrons. The prevalence of chromosome-encoded genes ranged from 77 to 100%, while the prevalence of QAC resistance genes encoded on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was relatively low (0–0.9%), with the exception of qacEΔ1 (54.6%). PCR screening detected the presence of class 1 integrons in 36.3% (n = 210) of isolates, which were positively correlated with qacEΔ1. More correlations between QAC resistance genes, integrons, sequence type group ST131, and β-lactamase genes were presented. The results of our study confirm the presence of QAC resistance genes and also class 1 integrons commonly found in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates and highlight the potential role of QAC resistance genes in the selection of ESBL-producing E. coli in hospitals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Pathogenic Bacteria)
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Review

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16 pages, 360 KiB  
Review
Evaluation of Potential Factors Influencing the Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Alternative Treatment Strategies
by Thando Ndlovu, Lebang Kgosietsile, Pako Motshwarakgole and Sizwe I. Ndlovu
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(8), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8080381 - 26 Jul 2023
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Abstract
The increasing reports of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged as a public health concern, raising questions about the potential routes for the evolution and dissemination of the pathogenic K. pneumoniae into environmental reservoirs. Potential drivers of the increased incidence of antimicrobial-resistant environmental K. [...] Read more.
The increasing reports of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged as a public health concern, raising questions about the potential routes for the evolution and dissemination of the pathogenic K. pneumoniae into environmental reservoirs. Potential drivers of the increased incidence of antimicrobial-resistant environmental K. pneumoniae include the eminent global climatic variations as a direct or indirect effect of human activities. The ability of microorganisms to adapt and grow at an exponential rate facilitates the distribution of environmental strains with acquired resistant mutations into water systems, vegetation, and soil which are major intersection points with animals and humans. The bacterial pathogen, K. pneumoniae, is one of the critical-priority pathogens listed by the World Health Organization, mostly associated with hospital-acquired infections. However, the increasing prevalence of pathogenic environmental strains with similar characteristics to clinical-antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates is concerning. Considering the eminent impact of global climatic variations in the spread and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria, in this review, we closely assess factors influencing the dissemination of this pathogen resulting in increased interaction with the environment, human beings, and animals. We also look at the recent developments in rapid detection techniques as part of the response measures to improve surveillance and preparedness for potential outbreaks. Furthermore, we discuss alternative treatment strategies that include secondary metabolites such as biosurfactants and plant extracts with high antimicrobial properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Pathogenic Bacteria)
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