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Toxins
Special Issues
Food Safety Implications of Exposure to Cyanotoxins: Toxicological Evaluation
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Food Safety Implications of Exposure to Cyanotoxins: Toxicological Evaluation

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 8774

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ana Isabel Prieto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, C/Profesor García González 2, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
Interests: cyanotoxins; bioaccumulation; biomarkers; dietary exposure; food safety; in vitro assays; in vivo assays; risk assessment; toxic effects; toxicological evaluation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The cyanobacteria occurrence is increasing around the world both in quantity and diversity. Several cyanobacterial species are able to synthesize a high number of cyanotoxins such as microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, nodularin, anatoxin-a, saxitoxins, etc., which can be transmitted by the oral route through consumption of drinking water, foods and dietary supplements contaminated with them. In general, the toxic effects of cyanotoxins are of great concern and studies are still scarce. All these facts highlight the need for new toxicological studies and more updated information of data on human exposure in performing an adequate risk assessment of cyanotoxins in real time.

We are pleased to invite you to participate in the present Special Issue “Food Safety Implications of Exposure to Cyanotoxins: Toxicological Evaluation”, which aims to cover new studies focused on toxicological evaluation including in vitro and in vivo experimental assays of toxic mechanisms at the molecular level, search for biomarkers, toxicity effects, etc. of cyanotoxins. In addition, field and laboratory studies with different animal and plant species, analytical determination of cyanotoxins in different matrices (water, food, biological samples), tools for monitoring of blooms and occurrence of toxins in water, foods will be considered for a more realistic human health risk assessment. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in JoX.

Prof. Dr. Ana Isabel Prieto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cyanotoxins
  • bioaccumulation
  • biomarkers
  • dietary exposure
  • food safety
  • in vitro assays
  • in vivo assays
  • risk assessment
  • toxic effects
  • toxicological evaluation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2440 KiB  
Article
Cytotoxic Effects and Oxidative Stress Produced by a Cyanobacterial Cylindrospermopsin Producer Extract versus a Cylindrospermopsin Non-Producing Extract on the Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cell Line
by María G. Hinojosa, Antonio Cascajosa-Lira, Ana I. Prieto, Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena, Vitor Vasconcelos, Angeles Jos and Ana M. Cameán
Toxins 2023, 15(5), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15050320 - 05 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1276
Abstract
The incidence and interest of cyanobacteria are increasing nowadays because they are able to produce some toxic secondary metabolites known as cyanotoxins. Among them, the presence of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is especially relevant, as it seems to cause damage at different levels in the [...] Read more.
The incidence and interest of cyanobacteria are increasing nowadays because they are able to produce some toxic secondary metabolites known as cyanotoxins. Among them, the presence of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is especially relevant, as it seems to cause damage at different levels in the organisms: the nervous system being the one most recently reported. Usually, the effects of the cyanotoxins are studied, but not those exerted by cyanobacterial biomass. The aim of the present study was to assess the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress generation of one cyanobacterial extract of R. raciborskii non-containing CYN (CYN−), and compare its effects with those exerted by a cyanobacterial extract of C. ovalisporum containing CYN (CYN+) in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Moreover, the analytical characterization of potential cyanotoxins and their metabolites that are present in both extracts of these cultures was also carried out using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, in tandem (UHPLC-MS/MS). The results show a reduction of cell viability concentration- and time-dependently after 24 and 48 h of exposure with CYN+ being five times more toxic than CYN−. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased with time (0–24 h) and CYN concentration (0–1.11 µg/mL). However, this rise was only obtained after the highest concentrations and times of exposure to CYN−, while this extract also caused a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, which might be an indication of the compensation of the oxidative stress response. This study is the first one performed in vitro comparing the effects of CYN+ and CYN−, which highlights the importance of studying toxic features in their natural scenario. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Safety Implications of Exposure to Cyanotoxins: Toxicological Evaluation)
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12 pages, 3404 KiB  
Article
Cytotoxicity and Effects on the Synapsis Induced by Pure Cylindrospermopsin in an E17 Embryonic Murine Primary Neuronal Culture in a Concentration- and Time-Dependent Manner
by María G. Hinojosa, Ana I. Prieto, Clara Muñoz-Castro, María V. Sánchez-Mico, Javier Vitorica, Ana M. Cameán and Ángeles Jos
Toxins 2022, 14(3), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14030175 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4393
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin whose incidence has been increasing in the last decades. Due to its capacity to exert damage at different levels of the organism, it is considered a cytotoxin. Although the main target organ is the liver, recent studies indicate [...] Read more.
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin whose incidence has been increasing in the last decades. Due to its capacity to exert damage at different levels of the organism, it is considered a cytotoxin. Although the main target organ is the liver, recent studies indicate that CYN has potential toxic effects on the nervous system, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the aim of the present work was to study the effects of this cyanotoxin on neuronal viability and synaptic integrity in murine primary cultures of neurons exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0–1 µg/mL CYN) for 12, 24, and 48 h. The results demonstrate a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability; no cytotoxicity was detected after exposure to the cyanotoxin for 12 h, while all of the concentrations assayed decreased this parameter after 48 h. Furthermore, CYN was also demonstrated to exert damage at the synaptic level in a murine primary neuronal culture in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These data highlight the importance of studying the neurotoxic properties of this cyanotoxin in different experimental models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Safety Implications of Exposure to Cyanotoxins: Toxicological Evaluation)
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Review

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29 pages, 1541 KiB  
Review
Toxic Effects Produced by Anatoxin-a under Laboratory Conditions: A Review
by Cristina Plata-Calzado, Ana I. Prieto, Ana M. Cameán and Angeles Jos
Toxins 2022, 14(12), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120861 - 08 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2436
Abstract
The presence of cyanotoxins and its bioaccumulation in the food chain is an increasingly common problem worldwide. Despite the toxic effects produced by Anatoxin-a (ATX-a), this neurotoxin has been less studied compared to microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN). Studies conducted under laboratory conditions [...] Read more.
The presence of cyanotoxins and its bioaccumulation in the food chain is an increasingly common problem worldwide. Despite the toxic effects produced by Anatoxin-a (ATX-a), this neurotoxin has been less studied compared to microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN). Studies conducted under laboratory conditions are of particular interest because these provide information which are directly related to the effects produced by the toxin. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) considers the ATX-a toxicological database inadequate to support the publication of a formal guideline reference value. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to compile all of the in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies performed so far and to identify potential data gaps. Results show that the number of reports is increasing in recent years. However, more in vitro studies are needed, mainly in standardized neuronal cell lines. Regarding in vivo studies, very few of them reflect conditions occurring in nature and further studies with longer periods of oral exposure would be of interest. Moreover, additional toxicological aspects of great interest such as mutagenicity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity and alteration of hormonal balance need to be studied in depth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Safety Implications of Exposure to Cyanotoxins: Toxicological Evaluation)
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