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Toxics
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Toxicity Characterization, Detection and Remediation of Contaminants in Soils and...
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Toxicity Characterization, Detection and Remediation of Contaminants in Soils and Groundwater 2.0

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Toxicity Reduction and Environmental Remediation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2024 | Viewed by 4196

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Junhao Qin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
Interests: arsenic; reactive oxygen species; soil interface chemistry; eco-restoration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Peidong Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, China
Interests: treatment of heavy metal-induced water pollution; remediation of organic pollutants (e.g., antibiotics, dyes, pesticides, etc.) in soils and waterbodies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Feng Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
Interests: ecological restoration of polluted sites, including smelting sites and tailing ponds; environmental behaviour of heavy metals in soils
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lin Ding

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China
Interests: nanomaterials and nanotechnology for wastewater purification and resource recovery; green advanced oxidation technology for selective removal of organic pollutants in wastewater
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The toxicity of heavy metals, pesticides, PAHs and new pollutants poses a significant threat to agricultural soil, sites and groundwater around the world, and has constituted a serious threat to human health. Researchers should aim to exploit the novel environment-friendly, cost-efficient and low-carbon emission characteristics of heavy metals, pesticides, PAHs and new pollutants remediation technology, and look to establish these detection techniques, assessment methods, novel environment-friendly functional materials and multi-technology combination repair strategies as suitable options for the management of agricultural contaminated soils, as well as site and groundwater pollutants.

This Special Issue welcomes papers on all relevant topics, including but not limited to the following:

  • Toxicity characterization, transformation and degradation of contaminants in natural biogeochemical and engineered processes;
  • Detection techniques and assessment methods of pollutants in agricultural soils, site and groundwater;
  • Remediation technologies and models of heavy metal-, pesticides-, PAHs- and new pollutants-caused soil, site and groundwater pollution.

Dr. Junhao Qin
Dr. Peidong Su
Dr. Feng Zhu
Dr. Lin Ding
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, pesticides, PAHs and new pollutants)
  • agricultural soils, sites and groundwater
  • biogeochemical process
  • innovative analysis, assessment, and remediation technology

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3160 KiB  
Article
The Immobilization Mechanism of Inorganic Amendments on Cu and Cd in Polluted Paddy Soil in Short/Long Term
by Qing Liu, Yuan Ding, Yuqi Lai, Yan Long, Hong Shi and Min Liu
Toxics 2024, 12(2), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12020157 - 17 Feb 2024
Viewed by 997
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of soil colloidal characteristics on the transfer patterns of different Cu and Cd speciation in contaminated soil treated with three different amendments: lime (L), zero-valent iron (ZVI), and attapulgite (ATP). It seeks to clarify the activation hazards and [...] Read more.
This study investigated the impact of soil colloidal characteristics on the transfer patterns of different Cu and Cd speciation in contaminated soil treated with three different amendments: lime (L), zero-valent iron (ZVI), and attapulgite (ATP). It seeks to clarify the activation hazards and aging processes of these modifications on Cu and Cd. Compared with the control (CK), the available Cu concentrations treated with amendments reduced in the short term (6 months) by 96.49%, 5.54%, and 89.78%, respectively, and Cd declined by 55.43%, 32.31%, and 93.80%, respectively. Over a 12-year period, there was no significant change in the immobile effect with L, while Cu and Cd fell by 19.06% and 40.65% with ZVI and by 7.63% and 40.78% with ATP. Short- and long-term increases in the readily reducible iron and manganese oxide fraction of Cu and Cd were accompanied by a considerable rise in the concentrations of amorphous iron oxide in the soil and colloid after amendment treatment. This suggested that Cu and Cd were immobilized and stabilized in part by amorphous iron oxide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity Characterization, Detection and Remediation of Contaminants in Soils and Groundwater 2.0)
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14 pages, 6771 KiB  
Article
Identification of the Key Genes Involved in Proline-Mediated Modification of Cell Wall Components in Rice Seedlings under Trivalent Chromium Exposure
by Abid Ullah, Yu-Juan Lin, Hua Zhang and Xiao-Zhang Yu
Toxics 2024, 12(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010004 - 19 Dec 2023
Viewed by 961
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) toxicity exerts a detrimental effect on various physiological, biochemical, and molecular attributes of plants including the structure and functions of cell walls. On the other hand, the exogenous application of proline (Pro) is a beneficial strategy to overcome Cr toxicity. Therefore, [...] Read more.
Chromium (Cr) toxicity exerts a detrimental effect on various physiological, biochemical, and molecular attributes of plants including the structure and functions of cell walls. On the other hand, the exogenous application of proline (Pro) is a beneficial strategy to overcome Cr toxicity. Therefore, it is a novel strategy to find the key genes associated with cell wall composition in rice under trivalent Cr with/without Pro application. A total of 203 genes were activated in the four cell wall biosynthesis pathways under chromium stress, namely cellulose (60), hemicellulose (57), lignin (35), and pectin (51). Based on the expression abundance of microarrays, the number of differentially expressed genes, and the expression level of genes, the lignin pathway was a crucial pathway in response to Cr treatments, followed by the cellulose pathway. Through the estimation of gene expression variation factors between ‘Cr’ and ‘Cr+Pro’ treatments, OsUGP1, OsBGLU24, OsBGLU29, OsBGLU33, OsBMY1, and OsBMY2 in the cellulose pathway; OsXTH9, OsXTH10, OsXTH16, OsGAUT3, OsGAUT19, OsGAUT28, OsXTH1, OsGAUT12, and OsGAUT21 in the hemicellulose pathway; OsPAL3, OsPAL3, OsPOX1, and OsPRX77 in the lignin pathway; and OsPME25, OsPGL27, OsPME26, OsPGL9, and OsPLL12 in the pectin pathway are the key genes involved in cell wall modification during Cr exposure with exogenous Pro application. The Pro-mediated activation of these genes could be crucial players in modifying the cell wall structure and composition of rice plants under Cr stress, which needs to be further clarified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity Characterization, Detection and Remediation of Contaminants in Soils and Groundwater 2.0)
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9 pages, 2501 KiB  
Communication
Rhizospheric Precipitation of Manganese by Phosphate: A Novel Strategy to Enhance Mn Tolerance in the Hyperaccumulator Phytolacca americana
by Changming Dou and Cuicui Qi
Toxics 2023, 11(12), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120977 - 01 Dec 2023
Viewed by 753
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exclusion in the Mn hyperaccumulator pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) was investigated. Hydroponic experiments were carried out to observe the responses of pokeweeds continually exposed to high levels of Mn. In this study, crystals were observed to appear firstly on the [...] Read more.
Manganese (Mn) exclusion in the Mn hyperaccumulator pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) was investigated. Hydroponic experiments were carried out to observe the responses of pokeweeds continually exposed to high levels of Mn. In this study, crystals were observed to appear firstly on the root hair, and soon after, more crystals appeared on the root surface, and crystals of Mn phosphate were observed to appear on the root surface in a time sequence negatively correlated with the number of leaves treated with 5 mM Mn. Crystals were identified via phase analysis of X-ray diffraction and element analysis, and these white insoluble crystals were identified using XRD to be Mn phosphate, with the molecular formula (Mn,Fe)3(PO4)2·4H2O. The nutrient solution pH increased from 4.5 to about 5.6 before the crystals appeared. Mn phosphate crystals appeared in all solutions except those without phosphate and emerged earlier in the solutions containing no Fe. Compared with control group, pokeweed accumulated much more Mn in the leaves when treated without phosphate or Fe. The present study suggests that pokeweed can exclude Mn by means of rhizosphere precipitation by phosphate to form Mn phosphate crystals that accumulate on the root surface. Although the detailed mechanism requires further investigation, this study provides the first direct evidence of a novel strategy to inhibit Mn uptake in the roots of a hyperaccumulator in a P-enriched environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity Characterization, Detection and Remediation of Contaminants in Soils and Groundwater 2.0)
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15 pages, 2315 KiB  
Article
Elaborating the Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Rivers and Sediment around a Typical Aging Landfill in China
by Bingxu Quan, Jiawei Tang, Xiameng Niu, Peidong Su, Zhimin Zhang and Yitao Yang
Toxics 2023, 11(10), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11100852 - 11 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1125
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are bioaccumulative and widely distributed persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Understanding the distribution of and ecological risks posed by PFASs is critical, particularly for PFAS emissions and accumulation from a common urban pollution source. The transformation characteristics and ecological [...] Read more.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are bioaccumulative and widely distributed persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Understanding the distribution of and ecological risks posed by PFASs is critical, particularly for PFAS emissions and accumulation from a common urban pollution source. The transformation characteristics and ecological risks of PFASs from a typical aging municipal landfill leachate were systematically monitored and assessed over five years in this study. The results showed that the total PFAS concentrations (ΣPFASs) in the rivers were between 26.4 and 464.3 ng/L, whereas in sediment, ΣPFASs ranged from 9.5 to 58.5 ng/g (w/w). The presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the most prominent PFAS in both water (39.4–152.3 ng/L) and sediment (1.1–56.1 ng/g). In a five-year monitoring study, the concentration of PFASs in the aging landfill decreased by 23.3%, with higher mean concentrations observed during summer (307.6 ng/L) compared to winter (250.4 ng/L). As for the pollution distribution, the suspended particulate matter–water partition coefficient (log Kd) of carboxylic acid (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) ranged from 1.53 to 2.65, and from 1.77 to 2.82, respectively. PFSAs and long-chain PFCAs exhibited a greater propensity for sediment association compared to short-chain PFCAs. An ecological risk assessment of four typical PFASs, PFOA, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), utilizing the hazard quotient method revealed that the rivers surrounding the typical aging landfill exhibited a low contamination risk for PFOA, while no ecological risks were associated with the other three FPASs. This study contributes to an enhanced comprehension of the occurrence, distribution, and risk of PFASs in the rivers in rivers and sediment surrounding a typical aging landfill site in China, thereby providing crucial reference information for ensuring water quality safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity Characterization, Detection and Remediation of Contaminants in Soils and Groundwater 2.0)
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