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Sustainability
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Wastewater and Water Treatment Applications
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Wastewater and Water Treatment Applications

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sustainability and Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 December 2021) | Viewed by 11026

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ramon Sala-Garrido

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Economic and Business Mathematics Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: benchmarking; water economics; optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. María Molinos-Senante

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Interests: sustainability; urban water cycle; water–energy nexus; performance assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Access to water and sanitation have been recognized by the United Nations as human rights. Moreover, Goal 6 of the Sustainable Development Goals involves ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. More efficient use and management of water and wastewater resources are critical to achieving this goal.
This Special Issue will publish high-quality policy research with relevance to water and wastewater treatment applications. Suitable topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Wastewater reuse
  • Resource recovery
  • Energy efficiency
  • Use of renewable energy
  • Sustainability
  • Resilience
  • Life cycle analysis
  • Life cycle cost

Prof. Dr. Ramon Sala-Garrido
Assoc. Pro María Molinos-Senante
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Sustainability
  • Resilience
  • Energy Efficiency
  • Wastewater Reuse
  • Resource recovery

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1112 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Eco-Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants: Comparison of Optimistic and Pessimistic Approaches
by Manuel Mocholi-Arce, Trinidad Gómez, Maria Molinos-Senante, Ramon Sala-Garrido and Rafael Caballero
Sustainability 2020, 12(24), 10580; https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410580 - 17 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2037
Abstract
The assessment of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) performance has gained the interest of water utilities and water regulators. Eco-efficiency has been identified as a powerful indicator, as it integrates economic and environmental variables into a single index. Most previous studies have employed traditional [...] Read more.
The assessment of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) performance has gained the interest of water utilities and water regulators. Eco-efficiency has been identified as a powerful indicator, as it integrates economic and environmental variables into a single index. Most previous studies have employed traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the evaluation of WWTP eco-efficiency. However, DEA allows the selection of input and output weights for individual WWTPs for the calculation of eco-efficiency scores. To overcome this limitation, we employed the double-frontier and common set of weights methods to evaluate the eco-efficiency of a sample of 30 WWTPs in Spain. The WWTPs were ranked based on eco-efficiency scores derived under several scenarios including best- and worst-case scenarios; this approach to performance assessment is reliable and robust. Twenty-six of the 30 WWTPs were not classified as eco-efficient, even under the most favorable scenario, indicating that these facilities have substantial room for the reduction of costs and greenhouse gas emissions. The ranking of WWTPs varied according to the scenario used for evaluation, which has notable consequences when eco-efficiency scores are used for regulatory purposes. The findings of this study are relevant for water regulators and water utilities, as they demonstrate the importance of weight allocation for eco-efficiency score estimation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater and Water Treatment Applications)
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18 pages, 2038 KiB  
Article
Implementation of a Decision Support System for Sewage Sludge Management
by David Palma-Heredia, Manel Poch and Miquel À. Cugueró-Escofet
Sustainability 2020, 12(21), 9089; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219089 - 31 Oct 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2668
Abstract
In this work, a decision support system (DSS) coupled with wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) simulator tool that uses a hierarchical set of key performance indicators (KPIs) to provide an assessment of the performance of WWTP systems is presented. An assessment of different Scenarios [...] Read more.
In this work, a decision support system (DSS) coupled with wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) simulator tool that uses a hierarchical set of key performance indicators (KPIs) to provide an assessment of the performance of WWTP systems is presented. An assessment of different Scenarios in a real WWTP case study, each consisting of a different set of sludge line technologies and derived combinations, was successfully conducted with the developed DSS–WWTP simulator, based on Scenario simulation and hierarchical KPI analysis. The test carried out on the selected WWTP showed that although thermal valorisation and thermal hydrolysis showed similar (the best) economic viability, the latter showed additional benefits, including synergies related to improving the thermal balance of the overall WWTP even when considering other technologies. On the other hand, biogas-upgrading technologies allowed reduction of emissions, but with higher costs and thermal demands. The usage of this tool may allow the development of proposals for technological priorities as a pathway to the transition to circular economy based on the management criteria of the correspondent sanitation system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater and Water Treatment Applications)
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16 pages, 2983 KiB  
Article
NaCl Improves Suaeda salsa Aniline Tolerance in Wastewater
by Jie Xu, Yi Liu, Chao Zhu, Honglei Jia, Changyan Tian, Hongrui Ma and Guanghui Lv
Sustainability 2020, 12(18), 7457; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187457 - 10 Sep 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2179
Abstract
Halophytes have been studied as a model for morphological traits of adaptation to saline environments. However, little information has been given on plant growth, chlorophyll fluorescence responses, and change of ion content in halophytes grown in an aniline–salinity coexistent environment. This study hypothesized [...] Read more.
Halophytes have been studied as a model for morphological traits of adaptation to saline environments. However, little information has been given on plant growth, chlorophyll fluorescence responses, and change of ion content in halophytes grown in an aniline–salinity coexistent environment. This study hypothesized that aniline could induce alterations in plant growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion content in Suaeda salsa, but salinity could promote the tolerance of halophytes to aniline. A 6 (aniline) × 3 (NaCl) factorial experiment (for a total of 18 treatments) was conducted to test the above hypothesis. After 30 d of cultivation, roots and shoots were harvested separately to analyze the effects of salinity on the seedling growth under aniline stress. Biomass accumulation was inhibited by aniline treatment, and the inhibition was significantly alleviated by 200 mM NaCl. The change in chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves with aniline stress was moderated by the addition of NaCl. The removal efficiency of aniline was significantly enhanced by moderate salinity. Aniline stress decreased the accumulation of Mg2+, but various concentrations of NaCl increased the accumulation of Mg2+, especially with 200 mM NaCl in both roots and shoots. Both aniline and salinity decreased the content of Ca2+. There was a negative correlation between the K+ and NaCl concentrations and between the Cl− and aniline concentrations. Our results indicated that Suaeda salsa may be suitable for the remediation of salinity and aniline-enriched wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater and Water Treatment Applications)
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Review

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19 pages, 3328 KiB  
Review
Sustainable Innovation in Membrane Technologies for Produced Water Treatment: Challenges and Limitations
by Haneen Abdelrazeq, Majeda Khraisheh, Hafsa Mohammed Ashraf, Parisa Ebrahimi and Ansaruddin Kunju
Sustainability 2021, 13(12), 6759; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126759 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3317
Abstract
Discharged water from the oil and gas fields is a common type of wastewater called produced water (PW). It consists of different combinations of salinities, oils, and mineral deposits. Growing industrial demand, accelerated urbanization, and rapid population growth are putting enormous strain on [...] Read more.
Discharged water from the oil and gas fields is a common type of wastewater called produced water (PW). It consists of different combinations of salinities, oils, and mineral deposits. Growing industrial demand, accelerated urbanization, and rapid population growth are putting enormous strain on the world’s water supply. Based on sustainable freshwater supplies, North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia confront the ultimate water shortages threat. Proper implementation of innovative membrane technologies in wastewater treatment is considered a solution towards tackling water insecurity and sustainability. Different types of innovative membrane technologies used for produced water treatment were considered in this work. A framework of innovative membrane technology was studied for industrial wastewater with direct contribution to the environmental and economical sustainability factors, taking into consideration grand challenges and limitations in energy costs and environmental constraints. Treated produced water can be utilized in irrigation providing many benefits only if the desalination sector is mature and fully developed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater and Water Treatment Applications)
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