Sustainability

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16 pages, 489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

DNI’s DNA: Where Is Google’s Money in European Media?

by Clara González-Tosat and Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer

Sustainability 2021, 13(20), 11457; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011457 - 16 Oct 2021

Viewed by 1889

This paper aims to investigate Google’s role in European media sustainability. In order to understand the implication of this digital intermediary in the news industry, we have analysed all of the projects funded through Google’s DNI Fund from 2016 to 2020. After revising [...] Read more.

This paper aims to investigate Google’s role in European media sustainability. In order to understand the implication of this digital intermediary in the news industry, we have analysed all of the projects funded through Google’s DNI Fund from 2016 to 2020. After revising each report, we have classified the data available, including the full amount of money awarded, chronologically marking every new country added to the fund and all the media outlets involved in each project. We argue that Google’s role is truly beneficial for the medium and long-term sustainability of European media because it offers both financial support and a successful path for media companies to truly embrace its digital technology potential. However, it also has some added weight in terms of transparency (a key element in sustainability practice and standards) and press independence. Besides the existing correlations between the awarded countries and the changes that have affected media legislation in Europe, our findings show an alarming scarcity of information regarding both the continuity and the conditions of each funded project. Our proposed agenda for future research consists of an in-depth investigation of each beneficiary, which will entail several interviews as well as different case studies of all the participants in Europe. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability on Media and Creative Industries)

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27 pages, 418 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How to Communicate Sustainability: From the Corporate Web to E-Commerce. The Case of the Fashion Industry

by Patricia SanMiguel, Silvia Pérez-Bou, Teresa Sádaba and Pedro Mir-Bernal

Sustainability 2021, 13(20), 11363; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011363 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 8563

Abstract

Sustainability strategy at companies has become a key business and management aspect for the development and success of an enterprise. The communication of strategies and actions relating to sustainability has become increasingly important for both companies and brands. This research studies the communication [...] Read more.

Sustainability strategy at companies has become a key business and management aspect for the development and success of an enterprise. The communication of strategies and actions relating to sustainability has become increasingly important for both companies and brands. This research studies the communication process that forms part of the sustainable strategy of fashion companies, ranging from the corporate website to e-commerce, and it proposes improvements for sustainability communication. Two new models are presented: the Operational Model for Evaluating Fashion Corporate Websites (OMEFCW) and the Operational Model for Evaluating Fashion E-Commerce (OMEFeC), based on the core dimensions of online sustainability communication (orientation, structure, ergonomics and content—OSEC), as established by Siano. In order to obtain an optimal view of the fashion industry, four corporate groups—two luxury fashion groups (Kering Group and Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton (LVMH)) and two fast fashion groups (H&M Group and Intidex)—are compared. In addition, all of the e-commerce operations of the groups’ fashion brands are analyzed, a total of 32 brands. The results show that it is necessary to continue improving in terms of the communication of sustainability within the fashion industry, whilst demonstrating the great deficiency that exists regarding the communication of sustainability in the case of the brands’ e-commerce operations, which are precisely the web pages most visited by consumers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability on Media and Creative Industries)

17 pages, 332 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Funding Sustainable Online News: Sources of Revenue in Digital-Native and Traditional Media in Spain

by Alfonso Vara-Miguel, Cristina Sánchez-Blanco, Charo Sádaba Chalezquer and Samuel Negredo

Sustainability 2021, 13(20), 11328; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011328 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4751

Abstract

Digital news publishers strive to balance revenue streams in their business models: as standard advertising declines, alternatives for sustaining digital journalism arise in the forms of sponsored content, user donations and payments—one-off purchases, subscriptions or memberships, public or private grants, electronic commerce, events [...] Read more.

Digital news publishers strive to balance revenue streams in their business models: as standard advertising declines, alternatives for sustaining digital journalism arise in the forms of sponsored content, user donations and payments—one-off purchases, subscriptions or memberships, public or private grants, electronic commerce, events and consulting. An exhaustive study found 2874 active online news publications in Spain, and it observed the adoption of such models in early 2021. Advertising remains the most popular source of income for digital news operations (85.8%) and most sites rely on just one or two revenue streams (74.5%). We compare the cases in our census by their origin (digital-native or non-native), geography (local/regional or national/global) and topic scope (generalist or specialized). We find that traditional, national and specialized online media have a broader and more innovative revenue mix than digital-native, regional or local and general-interest news outlets. The comprehensiveness of this pioneering study sheds light for the first time on the risk that the lack of diversification and innovation in funding sources may imperil the financial sustainability of some online news operations in Spain, mostly those with a smaller scope and no backing from a traditional business, according to the results we present here. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability on Media and Creative Industries)

13 pages, 480 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Social Cost of Conflict between New Media and Society: The Case of Gaming Disorder in South Korea

by Changsok Yoo, Yelim Kim and Jee Hoon Sohn

Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 8106; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13148106 - 20 Jul 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2567

Abstract

Historically, the introduction of a new media in mass market caused a strong conflict starting from the nineteenth century popular literature, comics, rock music and film. Interestingly, these conflicts have shown similar and repeated patterns, which is now called media panic and moral [...] Read more.

Historically, the introduction of a new media in mass market caused a strong conflict starting from the nineteenth century popular literature, comics, rock music and film. Interestingly, these conflicts have shown similar and repeated patterns, which is now called media panic and moral regulation, and games are following this pattern. In 2019, Gaming disorder (GD) was decided to be included in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and similar conflicts on games arenow expected. However, the social cost and damage have not been fully addressed until now. Thus, this study focuses on the estimation of the social cost induced by GD for policy design and decisions in the public healthcare of South Korea. Using the contingent valuation method, a popular valuation method in econometrics for non-market goods, this study has tried to estimate the social cost induced by the introduction of GD into the public healthcare practice. Focusing on a false positive problem in the diagnosis, this study estimates that the willingness to pay for GD diagnosis for children is about KRW 152 K (USD 135). Considering the difference between the prevalence of GD (1.9%) and GD suspicion rate of children in the respondents (12.54%), the excessive medical diagnosis cost due to the false positive problem is estimated to KRW 101 billion (USD 89.6 M), which is about four times more than the annual medical cost for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) treatment in South Korea. Thus, strong scientific proof and a cautious policy approach on GD are needed before the inclusion of GD in the public health practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability on Media and Creative Industries)

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13 pages, 2654 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Interactive Advertising on HbbTV: An Experimental Analysis of Emotions

by Joan-Francesc Fondevila-Gascón, Eduard Vidal-Portés, Omar Muñoz-Sánchez and Marc Polo-López

Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7794; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147794 - 13 Jul 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2598

Abstract

Interactivity in television (and sustainability, thanks to virtualization) is a growing phenomenon, driven especially by the implementation of the HbbTV (hybrid broadcast broadband television) standard. Networks, media agencies and advertisers are trying to adapt to and profit from the options generated by the [...] Read more.

Interactivity in television (and sustainability, thanks to virtualization) is a growing phenomenon, driven especially by the implementation of the HbbTV (hybrid broadcast broadband television) standard. Networks, media agencies and advertisers are trying to adapt to and profit from the options generated by the interaction with the viewer. Through an experimental methodology including the viewing of an advertising block which included conventional and interactive advertisements, the emotions of the viewer were collected. It was concluded that the order of the announcements is not decisive, that the emotions of anger and sadness predominate over those of joy due to a negative predisposition towards viewing advertising proposals and the content of the advertisement itself, and that less intrusive formats are more accepted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability on Media and Creative Industries)

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20 pages, 1019 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Development Strategy of Chinese Animation Industry

by Kuo-Kuang Fan and Ting-Ting Feng

Sustainability 2021, 13(13), 7235; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137235 - 28 Jun 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7710

Abstract

The animation industry is a crucial part of cultural and creative industries and has formed a huge consumer market all over the world and even become a pillar industry in developed countries. However, in China, the animation industry is still in its infancy, [...] Read more.

The animation industry is a crucial part of cultural and creative industries and has formed a huge consumer market all over the world and even become a pillar industry in developed countries. However, in China, the animation industry is still in its infancy, and its development is relatively backward. The main reason is that there is no sustainable development model in the industry. Thus, how to carry out sustainable development has become an important research topic for the Chinese animation industry. This study probed into the challenges and problems faced by China’s animation industry, and based on Porter’s Diamond Model, analyzed the current situation of China’s animation industry from six aspects: production factors, demand conditions, industrial chain, enterprise strategy, cultural factors, and government policies, clarifies the key direction for industrial development, and puts forward relatively comprehensive reference strategies to promote the formation of a sustainable development model for the animation industry. The research shows that the sustainable development of the animation industry must be completed by integrating resources within the industry, improving the chain, upgrading the enterprises, technological innovations, cultural embedding, external personnel training, government support, legal protection, and other aspects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability on Media and Creative Industries)

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15 pages, 390 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining Factors Influencing Early Paid Over-The-Top Video Streaming Market Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study

by Sangwon Lee, Seonmi Lee, Hyemin Joo and Yoonjae Nam

Sustainability 2021, 13(10), 5702; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105702 - 19 May 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 8768

Abstract

This study examines the factors influencing early paid Over-The-Top (OTT) video streaming market growth in 50 countries. The results of the panel data analysis suggest that Netflix’s market entry, traditional pay TV market size, broadband infrastructure, and OTT platform competition contribute to the [...] Read more.

This study examines the factors influencing early paid Over-The-Top (OTT) video streaming market growth in 50 countries. The results of the panel data analysis suggest that Netflix’s market entry, traditional pay TV market size, broadband infrastructure, and OTT platform competition contribute to the early market growth of paid OTT video streaming services, such as subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services. The results also reveal that the traditional pay TV subscription market and the paid OTT video streaming market initially grow together in many countries. However, the findings also reveal a negative association between the market entry of Netflix and the subscription revenue growth rate of traditional pay TV services. The results of this study suggest industry and policy implications for paid OTT video streaming market growth and the sustainable development of the media industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability on Media and Creative Industries)

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17 pages, 969 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Keeping the Competitive Edge of a Convention and Exhibition Center in MICE Environment: Identification of Event Attributes for Long-Run Success

by Jaeyoung An, Hany Kim and Dongkeun Hur

Sustainability 2021, 13(9), 5030; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095030 - 30 Apr 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6677

Abstract

Understanding the weaknesses and strengths of event attributes plays a significant role in business survivability, specifically the meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions (MICE) industry, in which the business environment is competitive. To be in business and survive long-term, service and product offerings must [...] Read more.

Understanding the weaknesses and strengths of event attributes plays a significant role in business survivability, specifically the meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions (MICE) industry, in which the business environment is competitive. To be in business and survive long-term, service and product offerings must satisfy the needs of clients. In the case of the MICE industry, clients include event organizers, planners, and attendees. Thus, the IPA (importance-performance analysis) was conducted with hopes to provide valuable insight into the MICE industry to identify and evaluate their offering (attributes) that can assist Convention and Visitors Bureaus (CVBs) to establish better operational strategies that maintain their economic sustainability. Furthermore, this study also addressed the event planners and organizers’ perceptions toward the environment and social sustainability, measuring the importance and performance of ecofriendly venues and the availability of disabled access, which showed neither significant importance nor performance. However, as the main purpose of the research was to examine the essential venue selection criteria based on the perceptional lens of the event organizer and planners to MICE operators on achieving business sustainability, the findings of this study provide strategical direction to establish, maintain, and improve their facility, service, and products. The study also finds that there are different needs depending on the types of event organizers and planners. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability on Media and Creative Industries)

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19 pages, 1950 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Creation and Operation Strategy of Disney’s Mulan: Cultural Appropriation and Cultural Discount

by Rui Chen, Zhiyi Chen and Yongzhong Yang

Sustainability 2021, 13(5), 2751; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052751 - 04 Mar 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 19493

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore Disney Mulan’s cultural appropriation strategy and the cultural discount phenomenon formed in the Chinese market from the perspective of users and discuss the creation and operation strategy of the film. In 2020, Disney released a [...] Read more.

The purpose of this paper is to explore Disney Mulan’s cultural appropriation strategy and the cultural discount phenomenon formed in the Chinese market from the perspective of users and discuss the creation and operation strategy of the film. In 2020, Disney released a new film that originated in China, Mulan, but received negative reviews from the Chinese consumer market. Taking this as an example, this paper uses NVivo and ROSTCM to conduct content-coding and text analysis on creators’ interview records and consumer comments and seeks for the differences in understanding between Chinese audiences and creative teams. The results show that cultural appropriation is an effective strategy for film creation, but cultural appropriation based on misinterpretation will lead to cultural discounts in the operation of films. Therefore, corresponding strategies during film creation and operation should be adopted to better realize the sustainable development of culture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Business and Management Aspects of Sustainability on Media and Creative Industries)

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