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Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Urban and Rural Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2021) | Viewed by 55496

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nicholas Wise

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Guest Editor

Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L17 6BD, UK
Interests: regeneration; social impacts; sense of community; event tourism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue focuses on sustainability and events tourism in urban and rural areas. The triple bottom line is a framework to evaluate events and tourism, addressing economic, social and environmental impacts.

The purpose of this special issue is to build on, challenge and critique perspectives and pressing issues concerning urban and rural event tourism planning, policy and development, in relation to sustainability strategies. Triple bottom line approaches are widely recognized by scholars, educators, planners, policy makers and business operators in events and tourism when planning for sustainable futures or urban/rural legacies. While notions of people, profit and planet are important to practically and conceptually outline, it is important to reflect on the recent literature and case examples that emphasize different contexts of sustainability. While sustainability is often regarded as a term that looks at the environment and financial growth, researchers are increasingly focusing on social impacts and new opportunities that emerge such as new enterprises, volunteering, education and training, and place/community pride, as they affect residents and local society.

We welcome papers that:

offer perspective on pressing issues concerning urban and rural tourism planning, policy and development aligned with economic, social and/or environmental impacts;
outline how different approaches and contexts of urban and rural event tourism regeneration, planning and development are considered in relation to the triple bottom line;
assess how the triple bottom line is considered when planning for sustainable event tourism futures and legacies in cities;
present new theoretical insight, perspective and/or recommendations that address further considerations and directions for urban event tourism research, concerning sustainability, policy, development and regeneration.

While this overview presents a summary of the special issue, we are open to your proposals that relate to or challenge understandings of urban and rural event tourism and sustainability.

Dr. Nicholas Wise
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Event Tourism
Sustainability
Triple Bottom Line
Economic Impacts
Social Impacts
Environmental Impacts
Legacy Planning
Planning and Development
Urban and Rural Change
Regeneration

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 183 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts

by Nicholas Wise

Sustainability 2020, 12(14), 5712; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145712 - 16 Jul 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3954

Abstract

This Special Issue on “Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts” brings together eight papers. The papers focus specifically on either economic, social or environmental impacts or consider practical and conceptual overlaps across different impacts. In this collection, authors offer perspective on pressing issues concerning urban and rural tourism planning, policy and development aligned with economic, social and/or environmental impacts. The papers also outline how different approaches and contexts of urban and rural event tourism regeneration, planning and development are considered in relation to the triple bottom line as well as assess how the triple bottom line is considered when planning for sustainable event tourism futures and legacies in cities. This collection of papers aims to present new theoretical insight, perspective and/or recommendations that address further considerations and directions for urban event tourism research, concerning sustainability, policy, development and regeneration. This editorial introduces some directions and references to direct readers interested in this topical area of research going forward. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

15 pages, 1025 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Community Participation and Residents’ Support for Tourism Development in Ancient Villages: The Mediating Role of Perceptions of Conflicts in the Tourism Community

by Mingsen Wang, Jinbo Jiang, Songjun Xu and Yi Guo

Sustainability 2021, 13(5), 2455; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052455 - 24 Feb 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5793

Abstract

As increasing numbers of tourists have begun to visit ancient villages, conflicts between tourism development and residents have become one of the main challenges to the sustainable development of the tourism community. This research explores the relationship between community participation and residents’ support for tourism development in an ancient village. This study surveyed 249 indigenous residents living in Whampoa Village, Guangzhou, China. The findings show that community participation in tourism development has a positive influence on residents’ support for tourism development, and this relationship is mediated by the perceptions of conflicts in the tourism community. This study contributes a new theoretical perspective and practical implications for the sustainable development of ancient villages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts)

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26 pages, 5478 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon Footprint Evaluation of the Business Event Sector in Japan

by Yusuke Kitamura, Selim Karkour, Yuki Ichisugi and Norihiro Itsubo

Sustainability 2020, 12(12), 5001; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125001 - 18 Jun 2020

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6142

Abstract

The business event sector expects large economic impact as MICE (Meeting (M), Incentive Travel (I), Convention (C), and Exhibition and Event (E)). Some guidelines for MICE sustainability include the requirement for carbon management (carbon neutral, measurement of greenhouse gas emissions, carbon offset, etc.) as a positive contribution to mitigating climate change. According to the environmental guidelines for events updated by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment in 2019, goods should be procured after considering the environmental load items and life cycle stages from the life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective. In this study, we evaluated the business events sector, not only transportation but also accommodation of participants from overseas, as well as food and beverages, souvenirs and shopping, and entertainment and tourism expenses. These items were not included in the previous existing case studies. We evaluated the carbon footprint (CFP), calculated from consumption information using input-output analysis. In this study, the total CFP was 804.8 t-CO2eq (M, I, C-ICCA (Convention based on an international conference standard from the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA)), and E) and transportation (Transp, 56.0%) contributed the most, followed by planning and preparation (Plan, 13.2%) and accommodation (Acc, 12.0%), souvenirs, shopping, entertainment and sightseeing (SE, 10.1%), and food and beverages (FB, 7.9%). In the case of M, I, C-JNTO (Convention based on an international conference standard from the Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO)) and E, the total CFP was 1714.4 t-CO2eq and transportation (Transp, 54.3%) contributed the most, followed by planning and preparation (Plan, 14.3%) and accommodation (Acc, 12.9%), food and beverages (FB, 9.2%), and souvenirs, shopping, entertainment and sightseeing (SE, 8.2%). From this result, the CFP of this sector was found to be due to transportation, planning and preparation, accommodation, food and beverages, and souvenirs. Sustainability guidelines recommend that organizers procure products that contribute to lower CFP, and it is considered good practice to provide participants with such product and service choices. The providers themselves also need action to offer low CFP products. Assessing changes in consumption items in future studies may help to calculate environmental impacts and sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts)

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16 pages, 2178 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Asymmetric Impact of Institutional Quality on Tourism Inflows Among Selected Asian Pacific Countries

by Muhammad Asif Khan, József Popp, Mirza Nouman Ali Talib, Zoltán Lakner, Muhammad Atif Khan and Judit Oláh

Sustainability 2020, 12(3), 1223; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031223 - 07 Feb 2020

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3394

Abstract

From an idealistic viewpoint, the existence of the tourism industry in a country/region is a blessing because of its anticipated sustainable economic benefits. To turn this idealistic state into a realistic one, institutions need to play a pivotal role in optimizing the desired incentives. The present study examines the asymmetric role of institutional quality in stimulating tourism inflows (receipts and arrivals) in selected Asia Pacific countries involved in tourism. The previous literature has established that improving institutional quality attracts tourism inflows to a destination. However, the literature fails to identify the specific point (threshold level) above (below) which the relationship turns positive (negative). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that estimates the asymmetries in the nexus of institutions and tourism inflows, using robust nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approach. Our results show that the tourism inflow in Asian Pacific countries responds asymmetrically to any changes in institutional quality, and there is a single threshold of 7.52 points, where the impact of institutional quality reverses. We conclude that our findings are robust to the alternative measures of tourism inflows. The study offers useful policy inputs for devising short and long-run policies for the betterment of the institutional framework in the region by understanding the asymmetric impact of institutional quality on tourism inflow. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts)

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15 pages, 299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Socio-Economic Impacts of Event Failure: The Case of a Cancelled International Cycling Race

by Marko Perić and Vanja Vitezić

Sustainability 2019, 11(18), 5028; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185028 - 14 Sep 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4438

Abstract

The organization of large-scale sporting events implies different benefits and costs for hosting communities. However, little effort has been devoted to studying the impacts of event failures or postponed or cancelled events from the perspective of local residents. This paper is therefore concerned with the range of local residents’ perceived impacts resulting from the cancellation of the 2019 edition of the international men’s cycling race Tour of Croatia. In addition, it also examines if any significant differences exist between local residents familiar with the race and cancelling and local residents not familiar with the race, regarding the perceived impacts of this cancelled event on the hosting community. The number of perceived impacts was reduced by Exploratory Factor Analysis. Differences between local residents familiar with and those not familiar with the race and its cancelation were examined using the two-independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test. The results suggest that local residents not familiar with the event and its cancelation, when compared with local residents familiar with the event and its cancellation, perceive the majority of negative impacts as being weaker and most of the positive impacts as being stronger. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts)

25 pages, 15977 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Point Cloud-Oriented Inspection of Old Street’s Sustainable Transformation from the Ceramic Industry to Cultural Tourism: A Case Study of Yingge, a Ceramic Town in Taiwan

by Naai-Jung Shih, Wen-Tse Hsu and Pei-Huang Diao

Sustainability 2019, 11(17), 4749; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174749 - 30 Aug 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3297

Abstract

Yingge, a ceramic-producing town in Northern Taiwan, has experienced three development stages in the 50 years since 1970. The town’s fabric and the second contour evolved through the transformation of its former manufacturing industry into cultural tourism on Old Street. This process of evolution is evidenced through chronological changes of overlaid sections, skylines, and horizontal sections along Old Street since 1970. The street fabric has been shaped by its historical background, government planning strategies, commercial activities, cultural identity, and living patterns. Three-dimensional (3D) scans supported our analysis by capturing and segmenting the vocabularies and overlaid sections with special characteristics and changes. Commercial spaces and open street spaces were found to be mutually influential. A flexible and sometimes hidden spatial structure of fabric was elucidated. Yingge has become a large-scale shopping mall and important window into cultural tourism, with its fabric and contours redeveloped to be consistent with the identity of nearby cities. 3D scanning data were combined with documentation and maps to create a referable connection between reality and chronological data. An augmented reality (AR) application was used to simplify the inspection process through a productive connection between as-built scans and user interactions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts)

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14 pages, 1460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human-Leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) Co-Existence in Jhalana Forest Reserve, India

by Swapnil Kumbhojkar, Reuven Yosef, Yanina Benedetti and Federico Morelli

Sustainability 2019, 11(14), 3912; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143912 - 18 Jul 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4338

Abstract

The intensity and frequency of human-animal conflicts has escalated in recent decades due to the exponential increase in the human population over the past century and the subsequent encroachment of human activities on wilderness areas. Jhalana Forest Reserve (JFR) presents the characteristics of island biogeography in the heart of Jaipur, which is a city of 3.1 million people. The leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) is the top predator in this newly declared sanctuary of 29 km². We surveyed people in the 18 villages that engulf this sanctuary. We questioned the villagers’ (n = 480) perceptions about conservation. As much as 93% (round figure) of the population has encountered leopards, and 83% were fully aware of its role in the ecosystem. In addition, 100% stressed the necessity of conservation to save the forests and 91% supported the efforts to a wall in the reserve in order to prevent human encroachment. Most of the population is Jains and Gujars, which are communities that believe in non-violence. We conclude that the villagers support conservation efforts. The authorities that manage JFR view the villagers favorably and, as stakeholders, are the basis for continued human-leopard coexistence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts)

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14 pages, 1457 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Convention Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Influencing Factors on Delegate Green Behavior That Reduce Environmental Impacts

by Heesup Han, Soyeun Lee, Amr Al-Ansi, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Hyungseo Bobby Ryu, Jinkyung Jenny Kim and Wansoo Kim

Sustainability 2019, 11(14), 3903; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143903 - 18 Jul 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3647

Abstract

Despite the steady growth of the convention tourism industry, little is known about the stimulation of delegates’ green behaviors during their convention travel. This research sought to elucidate delegates’ green behavioral intentions by taking the role of green attitudes, social norms, eco-concern, personal moral obligation, and green behaviors in daily life into account. A quantitative approach employing a survey methodology was utilized for the attainment of research goals. Our results revealed that green attitudes, social norms, eco-concern, and personal moral obligation were significant determinants of delegates’ green behavioral intentions. Among these determinants, eco-concern had a salient effect on delegates’ intention to practice conservation behaviors, whereas personal moral obligation had a prominent role in inducing their willingness to sacrifice. Moreover, our results uncovered that green behaviors in daily life were a moderator in maximizing the influence of green attitudes, eco-concern, and personal moral obligation on the intention to practice conservation behaviors and in maximizing the effect of social norms on the willingness to sacrifice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts)

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16 pages, 566 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Barriers to Stakeholder Involvement in Sustainable Rural Tourism Development—Experiences from Southeast Europe

by Alice Wanner and Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider

Sustainability 2019, 11(12), 3372; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123372 - 18 Jun 2019

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7878

Abstract

Participative planning approaches are vital to sustainable development in rural areas. However, stakeholder involvement also faces many barriers. In this Danube region case study, barriers to stakeholder involvement across eight rural regions are investigated. With the standardized conditions provided through an ERDF and IPA funded EU project, special attention could be paid to socio-cultural barriers, specifically concerning perception of sustainability and conflicts of interest. The effects of these barriers to the planning process are seen in the comparison of awareness concerning overall goals, indicators and the regional self-assessments. The implications for planning and management in rural tourism areas find that the perception of sustainability varies greatly, perceived deficiencies increase awareness and that crucial indicators need to be understood by stakeholders beginning a participative planning approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts)

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Review

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18 pages, 617 KiB

Open AccessReview

Assessing and Considering the Wider Impacts of Sport-Tourism Events: A Research Agenda Review of Sustainability and Strategic Planning Elements

by Ana Chersulich Tomino, Marko Perić and Nicholas Wise

Sustainability 2020, 12(11), 4473; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114473 - 01 Jun 2020

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 11260

Abstract

Sport-tourism events create a broad spectrum of impacts on and for host communities. However, sustainable sport-tourism events, which emphasize positive impacts, and minimize negative impacts, do not arise by chance—they need careful planning and implementation. This paper aims to review and systematize a wide spectrum of social impacts that outdoor sport-tourism events create from the perspective of key stakeholders and addresses strategic planning elements necessary for achieving event sustainability. To reach its objectives, the authors examined the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, searching for relevant scientific papers focusing primarily on the impacts and legacy of sport events, strategic planning elements, and attributes necessary for achieving sustainability through a systematic quantitative review and content analysis. The results indicate that the relevant literature mostly focuses on economic impacts, followed by social and environmental impacts. Most studies focus on Europe and Asia, with the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cups being the most popular type of event studied. To systemize event and destination strategic elements and attributes for achieving sustainability, this study considers eight categories: social, cultural, organizational, logistic, communication, economic, tourism, and environmental. This paper identifies the main research gaps, proposes a new holistic sport-tourism events research agenda and provides recommendations so that organizers can avoid planning, organizing, financing mistakes and better leverage future sporting events. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban and Rural Event Tourism and Sustainability: Exploring Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts)

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