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Strategies for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 17244

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Juan Claver

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: decision-making; multi-criteria techniques; decision support techniques in engineering; additive manufacturing; optimization; manufacturing engineering; industrial heritage
Prof. Dr. Miguel A. Sebastián

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: project management; industrial heritage; manufacturing engineering; quality and environmental assurance; occupational safety and health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last few decades, industrial heritage has steadily increased in its social recognition as one more typology of cultural heritage. Compared to other types of heritage with a greater social tradition, industrial heritage presents some special characteristics and circumstances. These aspects must be identified for the correct interpretation of their assets, and pose difficulties when acting on this typology. But they also turn industrial immovable assets into strategic opportunities for the sustainable development of our cities, territories and society.

The future of an industrial facility, due to its direct link to the production process that justifies its own existence and its industrial nature, is linked to that of the activity itself. Once the activity ceases, the future of the facilities is unknown. Initially, the efforts around this typology were oriented to the recognition of its values ​​and interests, as a necessary argument for its protection and conservation. Once this recognition has been achieved, the main challenge consists in managing this heritage for its proper conservation and reuse. And for this, both the cultural value of these assets and the key role that reuse actions can have in the sustainable development of our cities must be considered.

Ii is easy to identify large industrial areas whose activity has ceased and which represent ideal locations to implement urban and environmental regeneration policies, sustainable urban planning strategies and initiatives for local development, among other possible approaches.

Unlike other types of cultural heritage, industrial heritage has a greater number of assets, which also continue and will continue increasing as a result of productive activity. In addition, many of them are located in sites affected by other interests, especially in urban locations, but also in rural environments. Thus, all these assets and industrial areas must face a transformation from their origin, linked to the profitability of the productive activity, towards their sustainable conservation over time, which requires new activities that enable their conservation.

With all this, the protection of this typology and the action on its assets cover a wide range of challenges and strategies that are of interest within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals promoted by the United Nations. The protection and sustainable conservation of this typology begins with the promotion of its goods and values ​​among society, what includes teaching initiatives on industrial heritage issues, research works, musealization, etc. And it is from a better understanding of this type of property and a greater social appreciation of its characteristics, that it will be possible to define actions and reuse policies in which citizens participate.

This Special Issue will serve to compile proposals, initiatives, good practices, research, and experiences of a very varied nature that represent contributions of interest in the enhancement of industrial heritage and also to contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals through actions oriented to this typology, considering both intangible heritage and movable or immovable assets, and from territorial scales to scales focused to specific elements.

Some of the main topics that have a place in this Special Issue are the following: Sustainable Development Goals (SGD); Horizon 2030; Cataloging and analysis; Reuse; Tourism and promotion; Musealization; Technological and manufacturing studies; Teaching; Virtualization, representation and augmented reality; Monitoring and control; Cross-border cooperation; Acting through organizations and groups.

Prof. Dr. Juan Claver
Prof. Dr. Miguel Sebastián
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • industrial heritage
  • industrial archaeology
  • historical technical heritage
  • Horizon 2030: Sustainable Development Goals (SGD)
  • landscape
  • cataloguing
  • reuse
  • projects
  • management models
  • monitoring
  • territorial systems
  • urban planning
  • urban analytics
  • decision-making
  • heritage valuation
  • industrial tourism
  • teaching
  • musealization
  • promotion
  • multimedia resources
  • 3D modelling and virtualization
  • augmented reality

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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54 pages, 70130 KiB  
Article
Control of Laser Scanner Trilateration Networks for Accurate Georeferencing of Caves: Application to El Castillo Cave (Spain)
by Vicente Bayarri, Elena Castillo, Sergio Ripoll and Miguel A. Sebastián
Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13526; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413526 - 07 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2396
Abstract
There is a growing demand for measurements of natural and built elements, which require quantifiable accuracy and reliability, within various fields of application. Measurements from 3D Terrestrial Laser Scanner come in a point cloud, and different types of surfaces such as spheres or [...] Read more.
There is a growing demand for measurements of natural and built elements, which require quantifiable accuracy and reliability, within various fields of application. Measurements from 3D Terrestrial Laser Scanner come in a point cloud, and different types of surfaces such as spheres or planes can be modelled. Due to the occlusions and/or limited field of view, it is seldom possible to survey a complete feature from one location, and information has to be acquired from multiple points of view and later co-registered and geo-referenced to obtain a consistent coordinate system. The aim of this paper is not to match point clouds, but to show a methodology to adjust, following the traditional topo-geodetic methods, 3DTLS data by modelling references such as calibrated spheres and checker-boards to generate a 3D trilateration network from them to derive accuracy and reliability measurements and post-adjustment statistical analysis. The method tries to find the function that best fits the measured data, taking into account not only that the measurements made in the field are not perfect, but that each one of them has a different deviation depending on the adjustment of each reference, so they have to be weighted accordingly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals)
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22 pages, 3785 KiB  
Article
Collaborative Cataloging of Spanish Industrial Heritage Assets through Teaching in Project Management Subjects
by Juan Claver, Amabel García-Domínguez and Miguel A. Sebastián
Sustainability 2021, 13(19), 10854; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910854 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1808
Abstract
The cataloguing experience presented addresses two key challenges of cataloguing industrial heritage assets. On the one hand, despite their value and interest, some of these assets are little known and difficult to identify. Moreover, on the other hand, this heritage typology needs further [...] Read more.
The cataloguing experience presented addresses two key challenges of cataloguing industrial heritage assets. On the one hand, despite their value and interest, some of these assets are little known and difficult to identify. Moreover, on the other hand, this heritage typology needs further promotion and valuation. In this context, collaborative cataloging responds to both challenges from its initial approach. Unlike cataloging tasks developed by small teams, involving many people throughout the territory allows to take advantage of the local knowledge of each participant. However, in addition, each participant contributes to the dissemination of the goods collected in the generated catalog. First in a passive way, when knowing the contributions of the rest of the participants. Secondly, actively, by disseminating the cataloging initiative developed among their contacts. This cataloguing experience has been developed with the students of the subject Environmental Project Management during the last four courses. The assets selected by the students (106) as case studies to develop a reuse project are shown in an open web map, which includes the narrated video presentation of the proposal developed for some of them (25). The obtained results contribute both the identification and promoting of this kind of assets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals)
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20 pages, 5827 KiB  
Article
De Re Metallica: An Early Ergonomics Lesson Applied to Machine Design in the Renaissance
by Francisco Javier Trujillo, Juan Claver, Lorenzo Sevilla and Miguel A. Sebastián
Sustainability 2021, 13(17), 9984; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179984 - 06 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2580
Abstract
The Renaissance treatise De Re Metallica (Georgius Agricola, 1556) is one of the first works that deals in detail with the state of the art of metal mining, compiling the main techniques and mechanical devices used in this industrial activity at that time. [...] Read more.
The Renaissance treatise De Re Metallica (Georgius Agricola, 1556) is one of the first works that deals in detail with the state of the art of metal mining, compiling the main techniques and mechanical devices used in this industrial activity at that time. An advanced knowledge of the human–machine set is observed in this treatise, from a mechanical and ergonomics point of view. The main objective of this work is to carry out an ergonomics analysis of one of the mechanical devices collected in the sixth book of this treatise. It is intended to show that there was a certain concern for ergonomics in the Renaissance, long before the first appearance of this concept. Specifically, a mine water extraction pump, powered by three different systems, is analyzed. Current ergonomics assessment methods have been used to perform this comparative analysis. The postural load has been assessed by the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) and the rapid entire body assessment (REBA). The Check List OCRA (occupational repetitive action) has been used to perform the analysis of repetitive movements. The results have shown an evolution of the machine, not only on a mechanical level, but also in movements, postures, and safety of the operator for the three methods applied. It is, therefore, an example of practical and real ergonomics applied to machine design dating from the 16th century. In addition, this work may be a very interesting tool for teaching, since it allows showing examples of ergonomics in productive areas related to historical context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals)
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20 pages, 2680 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Technological Evolution of Materials Requirements Included in Reactor Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Codes
by Alvaro Rodríguez-Prieto, Mariaenrica Frigione, John Kickhofel and Ana M. Camacho
Sustainability 2021, 13(10), 5498; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105498 - 14 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2247
Abstract
The growth of green energy technologies within the frame of the 7th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) along with the concern about climatic changes make nuclear energy an attractive choice for many countries to ensure energy security and sustainable development as well as to [...] Read more.
The growth of green energy technologies within the frame of the 7th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) along with the concern about climatic changes make nuclear energy an attractive choice for many countries to ensure energy security and sustainable development as well as to actively address environmental issues. Unlike nuclear equipment (immovable goods), which are often well-catalogued and analyzed, the design and manufacturing codes and their standardized materials specifications can be considered movable and intangible goods that have not been thoroughly studied based on a detailed evaluation of the scientific and technical literature on the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials behavior. The aim of this work is the analysis of historical advances in materials properties research and associated standardized design codes requirements. The analysis, based on the consolidated U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.99 Rev.2 model, enables determination of the best materials options, corresponding to some of the most widely used material specifications such as WWER 15Kh2MFAA (used from the 1970s and 1980s; already in operation), ASME SA-533 Grade B Cl.1 (used in pressurized water reactor-PWR 2nd–4th; already in operation), DIN 20MnMoNi55 and DIN 22NiMoCr37 (used in PWR 2nd–4th) as well as ASTM A-336 Grade F22V (current designs). Consequently, in view of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the best options correspond to recently developed or well-established specifications used in the design of pressurized water reactors. These assessments endorse the fact that nuclear technology is continually improving, with safety being its fundamental pillar. In the future, further research related to the technical heritage from the evolution of materials requirements for other clean and sustainable power generation technologies will be performed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals)
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15 pages, 54101 KiB  
Article
Analysis of BIM Methodology Applied to Practical Cases in the Preservation of Heritage Buildings
by Alcinia Zita Sampaio, Augusto Martins Gomes, Alberto Sánchez-Lite, Patricia Zulueta and Cristina González-Gaya
Sustainability 2021, 13(6), 3129; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063129 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3920
Abstract
The methodology and technology associated with building information modeling (BIM) provide architects, engineers, and historians with concepts and tools that support the development of heritage projects. However, this specific form of BIM orientated towards buildings of patrimonial value—known as historic building information modeling [...] Read more.
The methodology and technology associated with building information modeling (BIM) provide architects, engineers, and historians with concepts and tools that support the development of heritage projects. However, this specific form of BIM orientated towards buildings of patrimonial value—known as historic building information modeling (HBIM)—requires a distinct and additional view, accounting for aspects which are normally not attended to on projects involving new buildings. In an HBIM context, the parametric modeling process, the basis of any BIM procedure, involves the study of shapes, patterns, or standards for the establishment of particular collections of parametric objects, as well as the record of the available technology used to capture digital geometric data. In addition, all the information collected and generated through an HBIM process must be adequately managed, maintained, and archived. In the present study, we intend to list the most recent features of HBIM, based on a bibliographic review, encompassing distinct building situations (preservation, restoration, rehabilitation, and structural assessment); different technical equipment (drones, scanners, and photogrammetry); as well as diverse forms of geometric characterization (patterns, geometric rules, or curve generation) and ways of archiving data (stratigraphy, old drawings folders, or as-built models). With the aim of identifying, as an overview, we have presented the principal modeling strategies, technologic devices, and archive procedures, as a contribution to systematizing and organizing the dispersed practical and theorical studies related with HBIM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals)
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Review

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25 pages, 3882 KiB  
Review
Evolution of Standardized Specifications on Materials, Manufacturing and In-Service Inspection of Nuclear Reactor Vessels
by Alvaro Rodríguez-Prieto, Ana María Camacho, Carlos Mendoza, John Kickhofel and Guglielmo Lomonaco
Sustainability 2021, 13(19), 10510; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910510 - 22 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2509
Abstract
The cataloguing and revision of reactor pressure vessels (RPV) manufacturing and in-service inspection codes and their standardized material specifications—as a technical heritage—are essential for understanding the historical evolution of criteria and for enabling the comparison of the various national regulations, integrating the most [...] Read more.
The cataloguing and revision of reactor pressure vessels (RPV) manufacturing and in-service inspection codes and their standardized material specifications—as a technical heritage—are essential for understanding the historical evolution of criteria and for enabling the comparison of the various national regulations, integrating the most relevant results from the scientific research. The analysis of the development of documents including standardized requirements and the comparison of regulations is crucial to be able to implement learned lessons and comprehend the progress of increasingly stringent safety criteria, contributing to sustainable nuclear power generation in the future. A novel methodology is presented in this work where a thorough review of the regulations and technical codes for the manufacture and in-service inspection of RPVs, considering the implementation of scientific advances, is performed. In addition, an analysis focused on the differences between irradiation embrittlement prediction models and acceptance criteria for detected defects (both during manufacturing and in-service inspection) described by the different technical codes as required by different national regulations such as American, German, French or Russian is performed. The most stringent materials requirements for RPV manufacturing are provided by the American and German codes. The French code is the most stringent with respect to the reference defect size using as a criterion in the in-service inspection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals)
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