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Effects and Atmospheric Processes of Disaster Weather in the Context of Global Climate Change

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Air, Climate Change and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 4898

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shenming Fu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: synoptic meteorology; mesoscale meteorology; climate change; energy conversion; cyclones and vortices; multiscale interaction; numerical prediction systems
Prof. Dr. Yun Chen

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
National Meteorological Center (NMC), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Beijing 100081, China
Interests: synoptic meteorology; mesoscale meteorology; weather forecating; climate change; weather and climate in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; rinstorm and severe convective weather; mesoscale weather analysis
Prof. Bo Wang

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Renewable Energy Research Center, China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI), No.15 Xiaoying East Road, Qinghe, Beijing 100192, China
Interests: renewable energy resource assessment; renewable energy power forecast; electricity meteorology research and application
Dr. Liang Chen

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Regional Climate and Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: land-air interaction; regional climate simulation; simulation of climatic water effect of human activities

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, as global climate change intensifies rapidly, the natural environment continues to deteriorate notably. In this context, disaster weather (i.e., the weather that seriously threatens people's lives and property and causes heavy losses to industry, agriculture, transportation, etc.) tends to appear with a higher frequency and a larger intensity, which poses a serious threat to the safety of people's lives and property. In order to reach the sustainable development goals of the world, for most countries, there are growing demands (i) to evaluate the impacts of disaster weathers on the environment, industry, agriculture, and society in the context of global climate change; (ii) to understand the formation/maintenance mechanisms of the disaster weathers; and (iii) to develop methods to improve the forecast level of disaster weather. As disaster weather includes many types of weather (i.e., torrential rainfall, high winds, tornado, hail, cold wave, etc.), and they can occur all year round within every region over the world, it is important to reach a comprehensive understanding of their effects under climate change, and to determine the key atmospheric processes governing their evolutions, which is really challenging.

Here, we would like to extend this invitation to potentially interested researchers in the field of disaster weather, global climate change, sustainable development, etc. The topic “Effects and Atmospheric Processes of Disaster Weather in the Context of Global Climate Change” tries to partly addressed the issues discussed above, which would be a useful complement to the related existing studies. It includes, but is not limited to, the following relevant themes:

1. Variational trends of extreme precipitation under global climate change and the underlying mechanisms;

2. Variational trends of persistent heavy rainfall under global climate change and possible mechanisms;

3. Impacts of extreme weather and climate events and global change on the operation of renewable energy;

4. Changes of renewable energy in the context of global climate change;

5. Regional simulation on disaster weather in warm/cold seasons;

6. Variational trends of high winds under global climate change and the associated mechanisms;

7. Mesoscale-vortex or extratropical cyclone associated disaster weather;

8. Structure features and evolutions of the mesoscale convective systems that produce disaster weather;

9. Changes in the environmental conditions of the disaster weather under global climate change.

Prof. Dr. Shenming Fu
Prof. Dr. Yun Chen
Prof. Bo Wang
Dr. Liang Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heavy rainfall
  • high wind
  • tornado
  • hail
  • cold wave
  • mesoscale vortex
  • extratopical cyclone
  • dense fog
  • mesoscale convective systems
  • thunderstorms
  • renewable energy
  • climate change

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 9990 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Variation of Vegetation Water Use Efficiency and Its Response to Extreme Climate in Northwestern Sichuan Plateau
by Xin Wang, Yong Feng, Yidan Cui and Bin Guo
Sustainability 2023, 15(15), 11786; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511786 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 709
Abstract
The Northwestern Sichuan Plateau, characterised by complex topography, is located on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau where ecosystems are rapidly changing in response to climate change. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics of water use efficiency (WUE) and its response to climate change [...] Read more.
The Northwestern Sichuan Plateau, characterised by complex topography, is located on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau where ecosystems are rapidly changing in response to climate change. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics of water use efficiency (WUE) and its response to climate change remain unclear, especially different responses to changes in climate mean and extremes. In this study, we found that the seasonal variation of WUE for different types of vegetation demonstrates a “unimodal” pattern, with high values during May to September. The variation of WUE is largely dependent on altitude. The annual WUE showed an overall increasing trend from 2001 to 2021 for most types of vegetation, while a decreasing trend was found for wetland, and grassland had a stronger adaptability to altitude and climate change. Mean climatic variables exerted stronger impacts on WUE than climate extremes, and mean temperature change had a stronger impact on WUE than precipitation. However, the synergistic effects of climate extremes and mean climate exerted significant impacts on WUE, with extreme cold events and mean precipitation events generally being unfavourable for an increase in WUE. The WUE of cropland and forest land demonstrated more sensitive responses to climate extremes than other types. The response of the same type of vegetation to climate extremes has obvious regional heterogeneity. However, the diurnal range of temperature, the length of the growing season, and the persistent humidity index had significant influences on the change of WUE for the entire region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects and Atmospheric Processes of Disaster Weather in the Context of Global Climate Change)
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18 pages, 17572 KiB  
Article
Mechanisms Governing the Formation and Long-Term Sustainment of a Northeastward Moving Southwest Vortex
by Kang-Quan Yang, Di-Xiang Xiao, Xing-Wen Jiang, Zi-Rui Li and Shen-Ming Fu
Sustainability 2023, 15(12), 9255; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129255 - 08 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 754
Abstract
From 10 July to 12 July 2021, a long-lived (~66 h) southwest vortex (SWV), moved from Southwest China to Northeast China and caused a series of heavy rainfall events. This SWV case was rarely seen, as its lifespan was much longer than the [...] Read more.
From 10 July to 12 July 2021, a long-lived (~66 h) southwest vortex (SWV), moved from Southwest China to Northeast China and caused a series of heavy rainfall events. This SWV case was rarely seen, as its lifespan was much longer than the SWVs’ mean lifespan, and the vast majority of SWVs showed a quasi-stationary behavior. It was found that the SWV formed and sustained in favorable background environments, which were characterized by a strong upper-level divergence (related to the South Asia High), a notable middle-tropospheric warm advection (related to a shortwave trough), and a vigorous low-level jet. The SWV showed remarkable interactions with a middle-tropospheric mesoscale vortex. The strong southwesterly wind in the eastern section of a deep shortwave trough east of the Tibetan Plateau acted as the steering flow for the northeastward movement of both vortices. Vorticity budget showed that the convergence-related vertical stretching dominated the SWV’s formation and development; the convection-related upward transport of cyclonic vorticity was the most favorable factor for the SWV’s sustainment, whereas, during the decaying stage, the SWV dissipated mainly due to the tilting effects and the net export transport of cyclonic vorticity. Backward trajectory analyses showed that most of the air particles that formed the SWV (at its formation time) were sourced from the lower troposphere. These air particles mainly ascended and experienced a rapid increase in cyclonic vorticity during the SWV’s formation stage. The topography of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau was crucial for the SWV’s formation, as around a half of the air particles (that formed the SWV) came from this region. Most of these air particles enhanced in their cyclonic vorticity and convergence when they descended along the topography of the plateau. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects and Atmospheric Processes of Disaster Weather in the Context of Global Climate Change)
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14 pages, 3166 KiB  
Article
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Simulated Summer Extreme Precipitation Events under RCP4.5 Scenario in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin
by Lu Liu, Weiyi Sun and Jian Liu
Sustainability 2023, 15(12), 9218; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129218 - 07 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 747
Abstract
In the context of global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events, especially extreme precipitation events, have increased. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin are important areas for economic development, and are also one of the areas [...] Read more.
In the context of global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events, especially extreme precipitation events, have increased. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin are important areas for economic development, and are also one of the areas where rainstorms and flood disasters frequently occur in China. Improving the prediction of future summer extreme precipitation in this region under the greenhouse gas emission pathway that aligns with sustainable economic development (Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5, RCP4.5) will help decision-makers better cope with the impact of increased natural disasters, such as floods. The medium-resolution CESM1.0 (Community Earth System Model 1.0) data (1° × 1°) has limitations in capturing regional climate differences. Therefore, we designed a downscale experiment using the WRF3.8 (Weather Research and Forecasting 3.8) model to obtain the daily summer precipitation grid data with 0.25° × 0.25° latitude and longitude resolution over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin from May to September in 2006–2030 (WRF025). The research shows that the WRF025 data is reliable in simulating the summer extreme precipitation events over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, especially in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Compared to CESM1.0 data, WRF025 data significantly improves the ability to simulate the numerical value and distribution of summer extreme precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Under the RCP4.5 scenario, compared to 2006–2014, there is no significant change in daily summer precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin during 2015–2030, with a significant decrease in daily summer extreme precipitation. There are significant regional differences in spatial distribution, with a significant decrease in Hunan and Hubei, and a significant increase in Jiangxi and Fujian. Under high-pressure control, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are dominated by downdraft, resulting in more sunny days and less precipitation. The increase (decrease) in water vapor transport and divergence may be the reason for the increase (decrease) in extreme precipitation. The most direct factor leading to an increase (decrease) in extreme precipitation is the vertical movement upwards (downwards). Furthermore, the anomalous descent (ascent) can be well explained by the easterly (westerly) wind anomaly on the southern (northern) side of the anomalous anticyclone via the isentropic gliding mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects and Atmospheric Processes of Disaster Weather in the Context of Global Climate Change)
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29 pages, 24602 KiB  
Article
The Key Mesoscale Systems and Mesoscale Vortices of the Henan Extreme Precipitation in 2021
by Xiuming Wang, Yongguang Zheng, Limiao Fan, He Zhu, Xiaoding Yu, Aifang Su and Xiaoling Liu
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4875; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064875 - 09 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1094
Abstract
Based on the Doppler weather radar and surface observations, the key mesoscale systems and features of the rainstorm structure during the period of the extreme precipitation in Henan province on 20 July 2021 are investigated. The results show that a nearly meso-α-scale West [...] Read more.
Based on the Doppler weather radar and surface observations, the key mesoscale systems and features of the rainstorm structure during the period of the extreme precipitation in Henan province on 20 July 2021 are investigated. The results show that a nearly meso-α-scale West Henan Low Vortex (WHLV) near the Songshan Mountain, a surface mesoscale front, a horizontal shear convergence line in the lower troposphere and two strong low-level jets (LLJs) were the main mesoscale systems that triggered the extreme precipitation process. Many mesoscale vortices including meso-β-γ-scale vortices (i.e., meso-vortices) were found within the WHLV. Hourly precipitation over 50 mm was mostly caused by the storms with meso-vortices. In the heaviest precipitation stage of the Zhengzhou Storm (ZZS), a clear meso-vortex above 2 km AGL was identified with the diameter of 15–20 km and the vorticity of 1.0–2.0 × 10−3 s−1, while its lifetime was about 2 h. The low-level ambient airflows converged into the storm from the north, east and south, forming a strong low-level convergence that promoted the development of the storm. Strong convergence and uplift occurred along the east edge of the storm, while the strong easterly LLJ converged with the shallow outflow of the storm. The strongest updraft under 2 km AGL occurred at the northeast end of the storm when a short-lived meso-γ-scale vortex formed at that area. Both the strong low-level convergence and the merge of the convective cells from the east resulted in the eastward propagation of the ZZS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects and Atmospheric Processes of Disaster Weather in the Context of Global Climate Change)
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19 pages, 13210 KiB  
Article
A 10-Year Statistic Study on the Tornadoes That Occurred in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province: Composite Background Environment and Linear Trends
by Danyu Li, Jinghua Liu, Bin Liu, Wendong Jiang, Xiaoyu Zhou, Chao Gao, Zhenguo Wang and Cang Bai
Sustainability 2022, 14(24), 16766; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416766 - 14 Dec 2022
Viewed by 934
Abstract
According to a 10-year (from 2007 to 2016) statistical analysis on the tornadoes in China, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province, which share many similar geographical characteristics, experienced 159 (ranked first) and 59 (ranked fifth) tornadoes, respectively. Tornadoes within Jiangsu [i.e., the Jiangsu type [...] Read more.
According to a 10-year (from 2007 to 2016) statistical analysis on the tornadoes in China, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province, which share many similar geographical characteristics, experienced 159 (ranked first) and 59 (ranked fifth) tornadoes, respectively. Tornadoes within Jiangsu [i.e., the Jiangsu type (JST)] and those within Zhejiang [i.e., the Zhejiang type (ZJT)] featured notable annual, monthly and diurnal variations, which were remarkably different from each other. Both JST and ZJT showed the largest occurrence frequency (~50% on average) in the afternoon of summer, and the background environments before the formation of these tornadoes were composited to focus on their respective universal features. For the JST, it is found that, the upper-tropospheric divergence and positive geopotential-height anomaly, the middle-tropospheric shortwave trough, warm temperature advection and positive temperature anomaly, and the lower-tropospheric strong southwesterly wind, convergence and cyclonic vorticity all acted as favorable conditions for the convective activities within Jiangsu. For the ZJT, their background environment differed from that of the Jiangsu notably, and the conditions for the tornadoes’ formation were overall more favorable for the JST. Linear trend analyses indicated that, both the annual and seasonal (summer) occurrence of the JST tended to decrease significantly, whereas, those of the ZJT were not significant. For the JST, its occurrence frequency showed a low linear correlation to the variation of the surface temperature, instead, its decreasing frequency was more closely related to the significant weakening in the intensity of the vertical shear of the zonal wind and the updraft helicity within Jiangsu. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects and Atmospheric Processes of Disaster Weather in the Context of Global Climate Change)
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