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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Hazards and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2023) | Viewed by 9413

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hongyi Zhao

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Interests: marine geotechnical engineering; wave-seabed-structure interactions; constitutive modeling of sand
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Xiaoli Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Interests: submarine slope stability analysis and prediction; local scour and protec-tion; solute transport
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coastal hazards include a wide range of phenomena triggered by natural or human factors with economic, environmental, and safety impacts. In recent decades, the ongoing threats from coastal hazards are tremendously exacerbated as consequences of climate change and escalating human and engineering activities in coastal areas. Sustainable management of shipping, coastal, and offshore structures and sustainable development along coastlines require engineers to identify indicators of coastal hazards and minimize consequences in the decision-making, investigation, design, and construction phases.

This Special Issue focuses on the hazards associated with coastal engineering and invites submissions that exploit state-of-the-art research, case studies, and lessons learned through failures, including (but not limited to) long-term or short-term erosion of coastlines, storm tide inundation, submarine slope stability analysis and monitoring, liquefaction due to ocean storms or earthquakes, solute transport in marine sediments, local scour and protection, problems associated with fluid–structure or fluid–soil–structure interactions, as well as tsunami-induced coastal hazards and coastal hazards associated with sea-level rise and climate change. Submissions using analytical, spatial, mathematical, and numerical methods, field investigations and physical modeling, as well as comprehensive review studies, are welcome.

Dr. Hongyi Zhao
Dr. Xiaoli Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

long-term and short-term erosion of coastlines
storm tide inundation
solute transport in marine sediments
local scour and protection
liquefaction due to ocean storms or earthquakes
submarine slope stability analysis and monitoring
fluid–structure interaction
fluid–soil–structure interaction
tsunami-induced coastal hazards
climate change

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

17 pages, 20111 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation of the Impacts of Sea-Level Rise on Coastal Ecosystems in Benin Using a Combined Approach of Machine Learning and the Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model

by Sèna Donalde Dolorès Marguerite Deguenon, Castro Gbêmêmali Hounmenou, Richard Adade, Oscar Teka, Ismaila Imorou Toko, Denis Worlanyo Aheto and Brice Sinsin

Sustainability 2023, 15(22), 16001; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216001 - 16 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1131

Abstract

Sea-level rise in Benin coastal zones leads to risks of erosion and flooding, which have significant consequences on the socio-economic life of the local population. In this paper, erosion, flood risk, and greenhouse gas sequestration resulting from sea-level rise in the coastal zone of the Benin coast were assessed with the Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) using ArcGIS Pro 3.1 tools. The input features used were the Digital Elevation Map (DEM), the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) categories, and the slope of each cell. National Wetland Inventory (NWI) categories were then created using Support Vector Machines (SVMs), a supervised machine learning technique. The research simulated the effects of a 1.468 m sea-level rise in the study area from 2021 to 2090, considering wetland types, marsh accretion, wave erosion, and surface elevation changes. The largest land cover increases were observed in Estuarine Open Water and Open Ocean, expanding by approximately 106.2 hectares across different sea-level rise scenarios (RCP 8.5_Upper Limit). These gains were counterbalanced by losses of approximately 106.2 hectares in Inland Open Water, Ocean Beaches, Mangroves, Regularly Flooded Marsh, Swamp, Undeveloped, and Developed Dryland. Notably, Estuarine Open Water (97.7 hectares) and Open Ocean (8.5 hectares) experienced the most significant expansion, indicating submergence and saltwater intrusion by 2090 due to sea-level rise. The largest reductions occurred in less tidally influenced categories like Inland Open Water (−81.4 hectares), Ocean Beach (−7.9 hectares), Swamp (−5.1 hectares), Regularly Flooded Marsh (−4.6 hectares), and Undeveloped Dryland (−2.9 hectares). As the sea-level rises by 1.468 m, these categories are expected to be notably diminished, with Estuarine Open Water and Open Ocean becoming dominant. Erosion and flooding in the coastal zone are projected to have severe adverse impacts, including a gradual decline in greenhouse gas sequestration capacity. The outputs of this research will aid coastal management organizations in evaluating the consequences of sea-level rise and identifying areas with high mitigation requirements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards and Safety)

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19 pages, 8431 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flume Experiments and Numerical Simulation of a Barge Collision with a Bridge Pier Based on Fluid–Structure Interaction

by Changrong Yao, Shida Zhao, Qiaochao Liu, Dong Liu, Bin Qiang and Yadong Li

Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6445; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086445 - 10 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1126

Abstract

Bridges across waterways are susceptible to failure from ship collisions. Therefore, to provide a reference for bridge design and protection, reported here is a study of the response of a bridge pier during a collision with a barge. First, sphere–cylinder collision experiments were conducted in a water flume, and the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method was implemented in the LS-DYNA software to simulate the collision process. The numerical and experimental values of the peak impact force agreed within 10%, thereby validating the FSI method for simulating the sphere–cylinder collision. Next, the FSI method was used to simulate the barge–pier collision process, in which the effects of barge mass, speed, collision angle, and location were considered. The simulated collision results of impact force, crush depth of barge bow, and displacement are summarized and discussed in detail. Unlike the constant added mass (CAM) method, the FSI method considers fluid–structure coupling and reproduces the collision phenomena whereby the barge stops upon collision and then goes into reverse. The water then propels the barge forward to collide with the pier repeatedly. Therefore, the FSI method is more effective for simulating barge–pier collisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards and Safety)

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25 pages, 5958 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Object-Level Flood Impact in an Urbanized Area Considering Operation of Hydraulic Structures

by Yunsong Cui, Qiuhua Liang, Yan Xiong, Gang Wang, Tianwen Wang and Huili Chen

Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4589; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054589 - 3 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1544

Abstract

Urban flooding has become one of the most common natural hazards threatening people’s lives and assets globally due to climate change and rapid urbanization. Hydraulic structures, e.g., sluicegates and pumping stations, can directly influence flooding processes and should be represented in flood modeling and risk assessment. This study aims to present a robust numerical model by incorporating a hydraulic structure simulation module to accurately predict the highly transient flood hydrodynamics interrupted by the operation of hydraulic structures to support object-level risk assessment. Source-term and flux-term coupling approaches are applied and implemented to represent different types of hydraulic structures in the model. For hydraulic structures such as a sluicegate, the flux-term coupling approach may lead to more accurate results, as indicated by the calculated values of NSE and RMSE for different test cases. The model is further applied to predict different design flood scenarios with rainfall inputs created using Intensity-Duration-Frequency relationships, Chicago Design Storm, and surveyed data. The simulation results are combined with established vehicle instability formulas and depth-damage curves to assess the flood impact on individual objects in an urbanized case study area in Zhejiang Province, China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards and Safety)

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20 pages, 4513 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Safety Analysis of a Nuclear Power Plant against Unexpected Tsunamis

by Byung-Ho Kim, Min-Jong Song and Yong-Sik Cho

Sustainability 2022, 14(20), 13540; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013540 - 20 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1232

Abstract

The East Sea (Sea of Japan), surrounded by Korea, Japan, and Russia, is highly vulnerable to catastrophic tsunamis. Several nuclear power plants (NPPs) operate along the eastern coast of Korea and several more are under construction. Unexpected tsunamis can affect these power plants. The safety of NPPs has attracted worldwide attention since the Fukushima NPP accident. In this study, a coupled numerical model comprising propagation and run-up models was employed to investigate the safety of an NPP against unexpected tsunami attacks. The maximum and minimum tsunami heights and arrival times of the leading tsunami were numerically predicted to ensure the safety of the Uljin NPP, where six plants are already operational and two more are under construction. The predicted numerical results were compared with the safety guidelines proposed by relevant authorities. These results indicate that NPPs are reasonably safe from unexpected tsunamis. Additionally, we confirmed that the tsunami heights and arrival times of a leading tsunami becomes smaller and delayed as the latitude of the epicenter increased. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards and Safety)

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13 pages, 1174 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing Barriers in Humanitarian Supply Chains for Cyclone in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh: An Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) Approach

by Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Farah Tasnim, Mahmuda Zaman Mukta, Ayesha Abedin and Komal Raj Aryal

Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 9724; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159724 - 7 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2226

Abstract

Bangladesh has frequently been affected by natural hazards, notably, cyclones in coastal areas. Humanitarian organizations are always active in helping affected communities through effective humanitarian supply-chain management by providing humanitarian goods and services, which is crucial to aiding vulnerable people after a natural catastrophe. However, some factors cause significant difficulties in achieving feasible humanitarian supply-chain (HSC) management that eventually ends up as a disfunctional and ineffective system to support to the community in need. Therefore, a lack of standard logistics support complicates horizontal cooperation between humanitarian organizations at various stages, along with relief aid. The motive of the paper is to identify and understand the barriers of HSC during the disaster preparedness and immediate response phase, particularly for cyclones in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Through an extensive literature review and consultation with experts from different humanitarian organizations, 10 barriers were identified. To illustrate the structural relationships among the selected barriers, an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach with additional MICMAC (Matriced’ Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á unClassement) analysis is used for data analysis. This aids in evaluating relative dependencies and driving power among the selected barriers. Findings show that a lack of an integrated approach and coordination among government and other humanitarian stakeholders, the inefficacy of multilateral information sharing among them, and a shortage of experienced logisticians are the barriers with the highest driving powers in HSC. The findings of this study will help humanitarian experts, aid agencies who distribute humanitarian aid, and organizations, to set up a good supply chain for helping people in the coastal area of Bangladesh following cyclones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards and Safety)

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Review

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20 pages, 3838 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Artificial Intelligence-Based Optimization Applications in Traditional Active Maritime Collision Avoidance

by Yi Zhang, Dapeng Zhang and Haoyu Jiang

Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13384; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813384 - 7 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1384

Abstract

The probability of collisions at sea has increased in recent years. Furthermore, passive collision avoidance has some disadvantages, such as low economic efficiency, while active collision avoidance techniques have some limitations. As a result of the advancement of computer technology, active collision avoidance techniques have also been optimized by using artificial intelligence-based methods. The purpose of this paper is to further the development of the field. After reviewing some passive collision avoidance schemes, the paper discusses the potential of active obstacle avoidance techniques. A time-tracing approach is used to review the evolution of active obstacle avoidance techniques, followed by a review of the main traditional active obstacle avoidance techniques. In this paper, different artificial intelligence algorithms are reviewed and analyzed. As a result of the analysis and discussion in this paper, some limitations in this field are identified. In addition, there are some suggestions and outlooks for addressing those limitations. In a way, the paper can serve as a guide for the development of the field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards and Safety)

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